Current Status and Future of BI-RADS in Multimodality Imaging, From the AJR Special Series on Radiology Reporting and Data Systems.

BI-RADS is a communication and data tracking system that has evolved since its inception as a brief mammography lexicon and reporting guide into a robust structured reporting platform and comprehensive quality assurance tool for mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. Consistent and appropriate use of the BI-RADS lexicon terminology and assessment categories effectively communicates findings, estimates the risk of malignancy, and provides management recommendations to patients and referring clinicians. The impact of BI-RADS currently extends internationally through six language translations. A condensed version has been proposed to facilitate a phased implementation of BI-RADS in resource-constrained regions. The primary advance of the 5th edition of BI-RADS is harmonization of the lexicon terms across mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. Harmonization has also been achieved across these modalities for the reporting structure, assessment categories, management recommendations, and data tracking system. Areas for improvement relate to certain common findings that lack lexicon descriptors and a need for further clarification of proper use of category 3. BI-RADS is anticipated to continue to evolve for application to a range of emerging breast imaging modalities.

Infodemics and infodemiology: a short history, a long future / Las infodemias y la infodemiología: una historia corta, un largo futuro / Infodemias e infodemiologia: uma breve história, um longo futuro

ABSTRACT An "infodemic" is defined as "an overabundance of information - some accurate and some not - occurring during an epidemic". This paper describes the characteristics of an infodemic, which combines an inordinately high volume of information (leading to problems relating to locating the information, storage capacity, ensuring quality, visibility and validity) and rapid output (making it hard to assess its value, manage the gatekeeping process, apply results, track its history, and leading to a waste of effort). This is bound up with the collateral growth of misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. Solutions to the problems posed by an infodemic will be sought in improved technology and changed social and regulatory frameworks. One solution could be a new trusted top-level domain for health information. The World Health Organization has so far made two unsuccessful attempts to create such a domain, but it is suggested this could be attempted again, in the light of the COVID-19 infodemic experience. The vital role of reliable information in public health should also be explicitly recognized in the Sustainable Development Goals, with explicit targets. All countries should develop knowledge preparedness plans for future emergencies.

RESUMEN Una infodemia se define como 'una sobreabundancia de información —que puede ser correcta o no— durante una epidemia'. En este artículo se describen las características de una infodemia, en la cual se combina un volumen de información desmesuradamente alto (que genera problemas que guardan relación con la búsqueda, la capacidad de almacenamiento, la calidad, la visibilidad y la validez de la información) y la producción acelerada de información (que hace difícil estimar su valor, gestionar el proceso de control, aplicar resultados y rastrear el historial, y además conduce al desperdicio de esfuerzos). Esto está vinculado con el crecimiento colateral de información errónea, la desinformación y la información malintencionada. Se exploran soluciones para los problemas ocasionados por una infodemia mediante tecnologías más avanzadas y cambios en los marcos sociales y regulatorios. Una solución podría ser un dominio de nivel superior nuevo y fidedigno para la información en materia de salud. Hasta el presente, la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha llevado a cabo dos intentos infructuosos de crear dicho dominio, pero se recomienda volver a intentarlo, considerando la experiencia con la infodemia de la COVID-19. Además, el papel clave que desempeña la información fiable en la salud pública debe reconocerse explícitamente en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, estableciendo metas explícitas. Todos los países deben elaborar planes de preparación para la gestión del conocimiento con miras a emergencias futuras.

RESUMO Infodemia é definida como "um excesso de informações - algumas exatas e outras não - que ocorre em uma epidemia". Este trabalho descreve as características de uma infodemia, que combina um volume extraordinariamente grande de informação (levando a problemas relacionados à localização, capacidade de armazenamento e garantia da qualidade, visibilidade e validade da informação) com produção acelerada (o que dificulta avaliar seu valor, gerenciar o processo de seleção de informação, aplicar resultados e rastrear seu histórico, resultando em um esforço em vão). Este fenômeno está atrelado ao crescimento colateral de informações falsas, desinformação e desinformação maliciosa. A busca de soluções aos problemas decorrentes de uma infodemia deve estar no aprimoramento da tecnologia e na modificação das estruturas regulatória e social. Uma solução seria criar um domínio de nível superior com credibilidade para informação em saúde. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) fez até o presente duas tentativas infrutíferas para criar tal domínio. Porém, se recomenda que uma nova tentativa seja feita em vista da experiência adquirida com a infodemia de COVID-19. O papel vital da informação confiável em saúde pública também deve ser expressamente reconhecido nos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, com metas explícitas. Todos os países devem elaborar planos de preparação em conhecimento para futuras emergências.

Untangling the complexity of multimorbidity with machine learning.

The prevalence of multimorbidity has been increasing in recent years, posing a major burden for health care delivery and service. Understanding its determinants and impact is proving to be a challenge yet it offers new opportunities for research to go beyond the study of diseases in isolation. In this paper, we review how the field of machine learning provides many tools for addressing research challenges in multimorbidity. We highlight recent advances in promising methods such as matrix factorisation, deep learning, and topological data analysis and how these can take multimorbidity research beyond cross-sectional, expert-driven or confirmatory approaches to gain a better understanding of evolving patterns of multimorbidity. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of machine learning to identify likely causal links between previously poorly understood disease associations while giving an estimate of the uncertainty on such associations. We finally summarise some of the challenges for wider clinical adoption of machine learning research tools and propose some solutions.

Health information professionals: delivering core services and value in extraordinary times.

The 2020 virtual issue of the Health Information and Libraries Journal (HILJ) is published to link to the CILIP Health Libraries Group Conference which was to take place in Scotland 22-25th July. Whilst the conference was postponed in light of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, its themes of (i) Working in Partnership; (ii) Resilience and Well-being; (iii) Public and Patient involvement; (iv) Quality Impact and Metrics; and (v) Improvement and Innovation have nevertheless provided the basis on which to compile this virtual issue. Overarching these themes is a core value of the HIL profession, to provide relevant, timely and sustainable information services, and the articles selected from HILJ (2018 through to March 2020) contribute to the aim of meeting and going beyond these goals under the conference banner of 'not your average day in the office'. The virtual issue mirrors the format of a regular issue of HILJ, a review article, four original articles and three from our regular features: 'Dissertations into Practice', 'International Perspectives and Initiatives' and 'Teaching and Learning in Action'. The authors come from Canada, China, Croatia, Sweden and the UK. All articles included in this issue are available online.

Supporting the health library and information workforce.

As a prelude to his keynote speech at the forthcoming Health Libraries Group conference, Sean McNamara, Head of CILIP Scotland, provides an insight into the work being undertaken with health librarians in Scotland and considers how CILIP Scotland might support the health information sector in the coming years.

[What place for French morbidity registries in the era of big data?] / Quelle place pour les registres de morbidité à l'ère des données massives de santé ?

The recent opening of massive health databases, as well as the development of methods and tools adapted to their data processing, questions the French model of "morbidity registry". In France in 2019, nearly 61 health registries were operating. As defined by law, these registries identify exhaustively all patients with a given disease in a given territory. Established several decades ago, these registries are part of the French surveillance system that is used for research and evaluation purposes. Since the advent of recent technological progress, large-scale databases are made available to researchers and it is possible with these databases to answer questions initially assigned to the registries. What is the place of such registries in this new context: are they obsolete or still useful? Should they be opposed to the new tools or are they complementary to them, and if so, what is their place in the new French public health ecosystem? The objective of this work was to assess the roles and missions of existing registries and to reflect on their positioning in this new environment. The French model of registry is sometimes questioned because of the complexity of its circuits, requiring a significant amount of human resources. However, the data that constitute them, validated by cross-checking information from several sources, are of very high quality, and make it possible to validate the data in the new databases (National Health Data System (NSDS) or Hospital Data Warehouses). Registries and new databases are in fact complementary, and far from jeopardizing this model, the recent opening of these databases represents an opportunity for registries to modernize their operations and respond to new missions.

Return of Value in the New Era of Biomedical Research-One Size Will Not Fit All.

Background: There is a growing interest in creating large-scale repositories that store genetic, behavioral, and environmental data for future, unspecified uses. The All of Us Research Program is one example of such a repository. Its participants will get access to their personal data and the results of the studies that used them. However, little is known about what researchers should return to participants and how they should do it in a way that is valuable and meaningful to participants. Methods: To better understand the concept of "return of value" and the practice of returning valuable study information, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 44 stakeholders with diverse perspectives on this topic. All interviews have been transcribed and coded thematically to identify the most salient themes, to explore differences between returning different types of study results, and to describe differences and similarities in perspectives of different stakeholder groups. Results: We found that one size does not fit all when it comes to returning value to participants: the decisions about return of results are affected by participant preferences, researchers' concerns about feasibility, the types of data collected, their level of granularity, and available options for supporting result interpretation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the key to operationalizing return of value and to identifying ways to return valuable information to study participants may be to find a point of equilibrium between criteria that may affect usefulness and feasibility. The point of equilibrium may vary by study, by participants' backgrounds and preferences, by their health literacy and access to regular healthcare, and by the resources available to professionals controlling the data. Future studies should explore the factors that determine the point of equilibrium between feasibility and usefulness.

Wither health science librarianship? Many questions, many options.

The 2019 virtual issue of the Health Information and Libraries Journal (HILJ) is published to link to the 2019 EAHIL Workshop taking place in Basel, Switzerland on 17-20 June 2019. The workshop is structured around six topics: (i) Roadmap of our Profession; (ii) Technology Uptake; (iii) Ecology of Scholarly Communications; (iv) Impact + Assessment; (v) Benchmarking + Advocacy; (vi) Evidence-Based Practice. These themes have been used to compile this virtual issue, which contains published articles selected from HILJ from the March 2019 issue through to June 2017. The virtual issue mirrors the format of a regular issue of HILJ, namely a review article, five original articles and articles from our three regular features: 'Dissertations into Practice', 'International Perspectives and Initiatives' and 'Teaching and Learning in Action'. The authors come from the UK, Canada, Australia, Italy, Iran and Belgium. All articles included in this virtual issue are available free online.

Scientific information overload in vision: What is behind? / Exceso de información científica sobre visión: ¿qué hay detrás?

No disponible

Health Information Management: Changing with Time.

Objective: With the evolution of patient medical records from paper to electronic media and the changes to the way data is sourced, used, and managed, there is an opportunity for health information management (HIM) to learn and facilitate the increasing expanse of available patient data. Methods: This paper discusses the emerging trends and lessons learnt in relation with the following four areas: 1) data and information governance, 2) terminology standards certification, 3) International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11), and 4) data analytics and HIM. Results: The governance of patient data and information increasingly requires the HIM profession to incorporate the roles of data scientists and data stewards into its portfolio to ensure data analytics and digital transformation is appropriately managed. Not only are terminology standards required to facilitate the structure and primary use of this data, developments in Canada in relation with the standards, role descriptions, framework and curricula in the form of certification provide one prime example of ensuring the quality of the secondary use of patient data. The impending introduction of ICD-11 brings with it the need for the HIM profession to manage the transition between ICD versions and country modifications incorporating changes to standards and tools, and the availability and type of patient data available for secondary use. Conclusions: In summary, the health information management profession now requires abilities in leadership, data, and informatics in addition to health information science and coding skills to facilitate the expanding secondary use of patient data.

[Communication and Networking - Results of the Working Group 8 of the Forum Future Public Health, Berlin 2016]. / Kommunikation und Vernetzung.

Steady changes in society present challenges to constructive cooperation between stakeholders in the diverse PH landscape of Germany through individualism, globalisation, medical progress, digitalisation, etc. Working group 8 therefore suggests that the PH community should build new internal structures, in order to be able to respond jointly to external challenges, facilitate networking amongst the actors and speak with one voice, when needed. The suggestion is to establish an office that has the task to organise further meetings, harmonize written joint statements and moderate the dialogue amongst peers.

Health information practice: integrating, inspiring and innovating.

The 2017 virtual issue of the Health Information and Libraries Journal (HILJ) is published to link to the 12th International Congress on Medical Librarianship and the 2017 EAHIL Workshop taking place in Dublin, Ireland on 12-16 June 2017. The conference title is Diversity in Practice: integrating, inspiring and innovative and it is exploring how health science librarianship, in all its diversity, is integrating, inspiring and innovating practice. These themes have been used to compile this virtual issue, which contains published articles selected from HILJ from the June 2014 issue through to September 2016. The virtual issue mirrors the format of a regular issue of HILJ, namely a review article, six original articles and our three regular features: 'Dissertations into Practice', 'International Perspectives and Initiatives' and 'Teaching and Learning in Action'. All articles included in this virtual issue are available free online.