Factors affecting the extent of resection and neurological outcomes following transopercular resection of insular gliomas.

BACKGROUND: Surgical resection of insular gliomas is a challenge. TO resection is considered more versatile and has lower risk of vascular damage. In this study, we aimed to understand the factors that affect resection rates, ischemic changes and neurological outcomes and studied the utility of IONM in patients who underwent TO resection for IGs. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 66 patients with IG who underwent TO resection was performed. RESULTS: Radical resection was possible in 39% patients. Involvement of zone II and the absence of contrast enhancement predicted lower resection rate. Persistent deficit rate was 10.9%. Although dominant lobe tumors increased immediate deficit and fronto-orbital operculum involvement reduced prolonged deficit rate, no tumor related factor showed significant association with persistent deficits. 45% of patients developed a postoperative infarct, 53% of whom developed deficits. Most affected vascular territory was lenticulostriate (39%). MEP changes were observed in 9/57 patients. 67% of stable TcMEPs and 74.5% of stable strip MEPs did not develop any postoperative motor deficits. Long-term deficits were seen in 3 and 6% patients with stable TcMEP and strip MEPs respectively. In contrast, 25% and 50% of patients with reversible strip MEP and Tc MEP changes respectively had persistent motor deficits. DWI changes were clinically more relevant when accompanied by MEP changes intraoperatively, with persistent deficit rates three times greater when MEP changes occurred than when MEPs were stable. CONCLUSION: Radical resection can be achieved in large, multizone IGs, with reasonable outcomes using TO approach and multimodal intraoperative strategy with IONM.

The Father of Wisdom: "The Influence of Surgical Experience on Overall Survival in Patients with Malignant Gliomas".

BACKGROUND: The role of surgery in the management of malignant gliomas has been feverishly deliberated after the publication of the first expansive case series, the last two decades reinvigorating the discussion regarding the value of total removal in improving survivability. Despite numerous technologies being implemented to increase the resection rates of malignant gliomas, the role of surgical experience has been largely overlooked. This article aims to discuss the importance of a single surgeon's experience in treating high-grade gliomas over a period of 20 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to demonstrate the role of surgical experience, we divided the patients operated by a single neurosurgeon into two distinct intervals: between 2000 and 2009 and between 2012 and 2020, respectively. Only cases with subsequent adjuvant radio-chemotherapy were included. For objective reasons, no technologies that could assist the extent of resection (EOR) such as intraoperative MRI (iMRI) or 5-ALA could be used in the country of our study. Gross total resection was the main goal whenever possible, whereas subtotal removal was defined as a clear remnant on contrasted MRI or CT performed 24-48 h postoperatively. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, we analyzed the survival and disease-free interval of our patients according to age, pathology, and degree of resection. RESULTS: In the 20-year interval of our retrospective study, the main author (ISF) operated 1591 cases of gliomas in a total of 1878 surgeries, including recurrences. The number of high-grade glioma (HGG) patients was 909 (57.10%), 495 of which were male (54.5%) and 414 (45.5%) female. The mean age of the HGG population was 51.9 years. The most common type of HGG subtype were glioblastomas with a total number 620 cases (68.2%). Regarding overall survival (OS), average survival at 12 months was better by 1.6%, and 12.1% improved at 18 months and 17.8% longer at 24 months in the 2012-2020 interval. The mean OS in the earlier interval was 11.00 months compared to the second when it reached 13.441 months (CI, 12.642-14.24). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment represents a critical step in the multimodal treatment of malignant gliomas. According to our results, surgical experience improves not only overall survival in a manner equivalent to adjuvant chemotherapy but also the quality of life. As such, a special qualification in neurooncology may prove necessary in offering these patients a second chance at life.

A multicenter proof-of-concept study on deep learning-based intraoperative discrimination of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Accurate intraoperative differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains pivotal in guiding neurosurgical decisions. However, distinguishing PCNSL from other lesions, notably glioma, through frozen sections challenges pathologists. Here we sought to develop and validate a deep learning model capable of precisely distinguishing PCNSL from non-PCNSL lesions, especially glioma, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained frozen whole-slide images. Also, we compared its performance against pathologists of varying expertise. Additionally, a human-machine fusion approach integrated both model and pathologic diagnostics. In external cohorts, LGNet achieved AUROCs of 0.965 and 0.972 in distinguishing PCNSL from glioma and AUROCs of 0.981 and 0.993 in differentiating PCNSL from non-PCNSL lesions. Outperforming several pathologists, LGNet significantly improved diagnostic performance, further augmented to some extent by fusion approach. LGNet's proficiency in frozen section analysis and its synergy with pathologists indicate its valuable role in intraoperative diagnosis, particularly in discriminating PCNSL from glioma, alongside other lesions.

Rapid detection of IDH mutations in gliomas by intraoperative mass spectrometry.

The development and performance of two mass spectrometry (MS) workflows for the intraoperative diagnosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in glioma is implemented by independent teams at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai. The infiltrative nature of gliomas makes rapid diagnosis necessary to guide the extent of surgical resection of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The combination of tissue biopsy and MS analysis used here satisfies this requirement. The key feature of both described methods is the use of tandem MS to measure the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) relative to endogenous glutamate (Glu) to characterize the presence of mutant tumor. The experiments i) provide IDH mutation status for individual patients and ii) demonstrate a strong correlation of 2HG signals with tumor infiltration. The measured ratio of 2HG to Glu correlates with IDH-mutant (IDH-mut) glioma (P < 0.0001) in the tumor core data of both teams. Despite using different ionization methods and different mass spectrometers, comparable performance in determining IDH mutations from core tumor biopsies was achieved with sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies all at 100%. None of the 31 patients at Mayo Clinic or the 74 patients at Huashan Hospital were misclassified when analyzing tumor core biopsies. Robustness of the methodology was evaluated by postoperative re-examination of samples. Both teams noted the presence of high concentrations of 2HG at surgical margins, supporting future use of intraoperative MS to monitor for clean surgical margins. The power of MS diagnostics is shown in resolving contradictory clinical features, e.g., in distinguishing gliosis from IDH-mut glioma.

Tumour growth rate predicts overall survival in patients with recurrent WHO grade 4 glioma.

PURPOSE: Accurate prognostication may aid in the selection of patients who will benefit from surgery at recurrent WHO grade 4 glioma. This study aimed to evaluate the role of serial tumour volumetric measurements for prognostication at first tumour recurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with histologically-diagnosed WHO grade 4 glioma at initial and at first tumour recurrence at a tertiary hospital between May 2000 and September 2018. We performed auto-segmentation using ITK-SNAP software, followed by manual adjustment to measure serial contrast-enhanced T1W (CE-T1W) and T2W lesional volume changes on all MRI images performed between initial resection and repeat surgery. RESULTS: Thirty patients met inclusion criteria; the median overall survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis from second surgery was 10.5 months. Seventeen (56.7%) patients received treatment post second surgery. Univariate cox regression analysis showed that greater rate of increase in lesional volume on CE-T1W (HR = 2.57; 95% CI [1.18, 5.57]; p = 0.02) in the last 2 MRI scans leading up to the second surgery was associated with a higher mortality likelihood. Patients with higher Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) (HR = 0.97; 95% CI [0.95, 0.99]; p = 0.01) and who received further treatment following second surgery (HR = 0.43; 95% CI [0.19, 0.98]; p = 0.04) were shown to have a better survival. CONCLUSION: Higher rate of CE-T1W lesional growth on the last 2 MRI images prior to surgery at recurrence was associated with increase mortality risk. A larger prospective study is required to determine and validate the threshold to distinguish rapidly progressive tumour with poor prognosis.

Advancements in Neurosurgical Intraoperative Histology.

Despite their relatively low incidence globally, central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain amongst the most lethal cancers, with only a few other malignancies surpassing them in 5-year mortality rates. Treatment decisions for brain tumors heavily rely on histopathological analysis, particularly intraoperatively, to guide surgical interventions and optimize patient outcomes. Frozen sectioning has emerged as a vital intraoperative technique, allowing for highly accurate, rapid analysis of tissue samples, although it poses challenges regarding interpretive errors and tissue distortion. Raman histology, based on Raman spectroscopy, has shown great promise in providing label-free, molecular information for accurate intraoperative diagnosis, aiding in tumor resection and the identification of neurodegenerative disease. Techniques including Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS) have profoundly enhanced the speed and resolution of Raman imaging. Similarly, Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) allows for real-time imaging and the rapid intraoperative histologic evaluation of specimens. While CLE is primarily utilized in gastrointestinal procedures, its application in neurosurgery is promising, particularly in the context of gliomas and meningiomas. This review focuses on discussing the immense progress in intraoperative histology within neurosurgery and provides insight into the impact of these advancements on enhancing patient outcomes.

A novel lateral myelotomy approach for the treatment of lateral or ventrolateral spinal gliomas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel surgical approach in which myelotomy was performed lateral to the dorsal root entry zone (LDREZ), for the treatment of lateral or ventrolateral spinal intramedullary glioma. METHODS: This study reviewed six patients with lateral or ventrolateral spinal intramedullary glioma who received surgical treatments by using myelotomy technique of LDREZ approach. The patient's clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed. The neurological function of patients before and after operation was assessed based on the Frankel scale system. The anatomical feasibility, surgical techniques, advantages and disadvantages of LDREZ approach were analyzed. RESULTS: Myelotomy technique of LDREZ approach was employed in all 6 patients. Gross total resections were achieved in 4 patients, and 2 patients with astrocytoma (case 2, 6) underwent partial removal. The perioperative recovery was all smooth and all the patients were discharged on schedule. All the patients who suffered from neuropathic pain were relieved. After surgery, neurological function remained unchanged in 3 patients. 2 patients improved from Frankel grade B to C, and 1 patient deteriorated from Frankel grade D to C immediately after surgery and returned to Frankel grade D at 3 months follow-up. Regarding to the poor prognosis of high-grade glioma, the two cases with WHO IV glioma didn't achieve long survival. CONCLUSION: LDREZ approach is feasible and safe for the surgical removal of lateral or ventrolateral spinal gliomas. This approach can provide a direct pathway to lateral or ventrolateral spinal gliomas with minimal damage to normal spinal cord.

Differential tractography and whole brain connectometry in primary motor area gliomas resection: A feasibility study.

OBJECTIVE: Establish the evolution of the connectome before and after resection of motor area glioma using a comparison of connectome maps and high-definition differential tractography (DifT). METHODS: DifT was done using normalized quantitative anisotropy (NQA) with DSI Studio. The quantitative analysis involved obtaining mean NQA and fractional anisotropy (FA) values for the disrupted pathways tracing the corticospinal tract (CST), and white fiber network changes over time. RESULTS: We described the baseline tractography, DifT, and white matter network changes from two patients who underwent resection of an oligodendroglioma (Case 1) and an IDH mutant astrocytoma, grade 4 (Case 2). CASE 1: There was a slight decrease in the diffusion signal of the compromised CST in the immediate postop. The NQA and FA values increased at the 1-year follow-up (0.18 vs. 0.32 and 0.35 vs. 0.44, respectively). CASE 2: There was an important decrease in the immediate postop, followed by an increase in the follow-up. In the 1-year follow-up, the patient presented with radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence, increasing NQA from 0.18 in the preop to 0.29. Fiber network analysis: whole-brain connectome comparison demonstrated no significant changes in the immediate postop. However, in the 1-year follow up there was a notorious reorganization of the fibers in both cases, showing the decreased density of connections. CONCLUSIONS: Connectome studies and DifT constitute new potential tools to predict early reorganization changes in a patient's networks, showing the brain plasticity capacity, and helping to establish timelines for the progression of the tumor and treatment-induced changes.

Revisiting prognostic factors of gliomatosis cerebri in adult-type diffuse gliomas.

PURPOSE: There is lack of comprehensive analysis evaluating the impact of clinical, molecular, imaging, and surgical data on survival of patients with gliomatosis cerebri (GC). This study aimed to investigate prognostic factors of GC in adult-type diffuse glioma patients. METHODS: Retrospective chart and imaging review was performed in 99 GC patients from adult-type diffuse glioma (among 1,211 patients; 6 oligodendroglioma, 16 IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and 77 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma) from a single institution between 2005 and 2021. Predictors of overall survival (OS) of entire patients and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients were determined. RESULTS: The median OS was 16.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.2-22.2) in entire patients and 14.3 months (95% CI 12.2-61.9) in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients. In entire patients, KPS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.98, P = 0.004), no 1p/19q codeletion (HR = 10.75, P = 0.019), MGMTp methylation (HR = 0.54, P = 0.028), and hemorrhage (HR = 3.45, P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors on multivariable analysis. In IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients, KPS (HR = 2.24, P = 0.075) was the only independent prognostic factor on multivariable analysis. In subgroup of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with CE tumors, total resection of CE tumor did not remain as a significant prognostic factor (HR = 1.13, P = 0.685). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of GC patients is determined by its underlying molecular type and patient performance status. Compared with diffuse glioma without GC, aggressive surgery of CE tumor in GC patients does not improve survival.

ReMIND: The Brain Resection Multimodal Imaging Database.

The standard of care for brain tumors is maximal safe surgical resection. Neuronavigation augments the surgeon's ability to achieve this but loses validity as surgery progresses due to brain shift. Moreover, gliomas are often indistinguishable from surrounding healthy brain tissue. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and ultrasound (iUS) help visualize the tumor and brain shift. iUS is faster and easier to incorporate into surgical workflows but offers a lower contrast between tumorous and healthy tissues than iMRI. With the success of data-hungry Artificial Intelligence algorithms in medical image analysis, the benefits of sharing well-curated data cannot be overstated. To this end, we provide the largest publicly available MRI and iUS database of surgically treated brain tumors, including gliomas (n = 92), metastases (n = 11), and others (n = 11). This collection contains 369 preoperative MRI series, 320 3D iUS series, 301 iMRI series, and 356 segmentations collected from 114 consecutive patients at a single institution. This database is expected to help brain shift and image analysis research and neurosurgical training in interpreting iUS and iMRI.

Fluorescein-guided surgery in high-grade gliomas: focusing on the eloquent and deep-seated areas.

PURPOSE: The vital function of eloquent and deep brain areas necessitates precise treatment for tumors located in these regions. Fluorescein-guided surgery (FGS) has been widely used for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) resection. Nevertheless, the safety and efficacy of utilizing this technique for resecting brain tumors located in eloquent and deep-seated areas remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the safety and extent of resection of HGGs in these challenging tumors with fluorescein and explore its impact on patient survival. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and radiological data of 67 consecutive patients with eloquent or deep-seated HGGs who underwent surgery between January 2020 and June 2023. Lacroix functional location grade was used to determine the eloquence of the tumors. The comparison between the fluorescence-guided surgery group (FGS, n = 32) and the conventional white-light microscopic surgery group (non-FGS, n = 35) included assessments of extent of resection (EOR), rates of gross total resection (GTR, 100%) and near-total resection (NTR, 99 to 98%), postoperative Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (NANO) scores, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS), to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fluorescein-guided technology in tumor resection at these specific locations. RESULTS: Baseline of demographics, lesion location, and pathology showed no significant difference between the two groups. GTR of the FGS group was higher than the non-FGS group (84.4% vs. 60.0%, OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.18-10.28, p < 0.05). The FGS group also showed higher GTR + NTR (EOR ≥ 98%) than the non-FGS group (93.8% vs. 65.7%, OR 7.83, 95% CI 1.86-36.85, p < 0.01). 87.0% of eloquent tumors (Lacroix grade III) in the FGS group achieved GTR + NTR, compared to 52.2% of control group (OR 6.11, 95% CI 1.50-22.78, p < 0.05). For deep-seated tumors, the rate of GTR + NTR in the two groups were 91.7% and 53.3%, respectively (OR 9.62, 95% CI 1.05-116.50, p < 0.05). No significant difference of the preoperative NANO score of the two groups was found. The postoperative NANO score of the FGS group was significantly lower than the non-FGS group (2.56 ± 1.29 vs. 3.43 ± 1.63, p < 0.05). Median OS of the FGS group was 4.2 months longer than the non-FGS group despite no statistical difference (18.2 months vs. 14.0 months, HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.36-1.11, p = 0.112), while PSF was found significantly longer in FGS patients than those of the non-FGS group (11.2 months vs. 7.7 months, HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.99, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sodium fluorescein-guided surgery for high-grade gliomas in eloquent and deep-seated brain regions enables more extensive resection while preserving neurologic function and improve patient survival.

Anatomical analysis of white fiber tracts in SMA and its implications related to en-masse tumor resection technique.

OBJECTIVE: Anatomy and connections of the supplementary motor area (SMA) are studied essentially to analyze the SMA syndrome. Experience with surgical treatment of 19 tumors located in SMA is analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cortical anatomy and subcortical connectivity of the SMA was studied on ten previously frozen and formalin fixed human cadaveric brain specimens. The white fiber dissection was performed using Klingler's method. Nineteen patients with low grade gliomas in the region of the SMA treated surgically were clinically analyzed. RESULTS: The white fiber connections of the SMA include short arcuate connections with the pre-central, middle and inferior frontal gyri, the medial part of the SLF, the cingulum, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), the claustro-cortical fibers, the fronto-striatal tract and the crossed frontal aslant tract. All tumors were operated using en-masse surgical technique described by us and its subsequent modifications that focused on attempts towards preservation of related critical fiber tracts namely FAT, cingulum and corpus callosum presumed to be responsible for postoperative SMA syndrome. Eight patients developed an SMA syndrome in the immediate post-operative period. Eleven patients did not develop any post-operative neurological deficits. In all these 11 patients it was apparent that the cingulum, FAT and the corpus callosal fibers were preserved during surgery by modifying the tumor resection technique. CONCLUSIONS: SMA syndrome is a frequent occurrence following surgery in patients with tumors in the region of the SMA complex. Surgical strategy that preserves the cingulum and the FAT can prevent the occurrence of the SMA syndrome.

Functional and oncological outcomes after right hemisphere glioma resection in awake versus asleep patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The right hemisphere has been underestimated by being considered as the non-dominant hemisphere. However, it is involved in many functions, including movement, language, cognition, and emotion. Therefore, because lesions on this side are usually not resected under awake mapping, there is a risk of unfavorable neurological outcomes. The goal of this study is to compare the functional and oncological outcomes of awake surgery (AwS) versus surgery under general anesthesia (GA) in supratentorial right-sided gliomas. A systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines was performed up to March 2023. Four databases were screened. Primary outcome to assess was return to work (RTW). Secondary outcomes included the rate of postoperative neurological deficit, postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score and the extent of resection (EOR). A total of 32 articles were included with 543 patients who underwent right hemisphere tumor resection under awake surgery and 294 under general anesthesia. There were no significant differences between groups regarding age, gender, handedness, perioperative KPS, tumor location or preoperative seizures. Preoperative and long-term postoperative neurological deficits were statistically lower after AwS (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively), even though no difference was found regarding early postoperative course (p = 0.32). A subsequent analysis regarding type of postoperative impairment was performed. Severe postoperative language deficits were not different (p = 0.74), but there were fewer long-term mild motor and high-order cognitive deficits (p < 0.05) in AwS group. A higher rate of RTW (p < 0.05) was documented after AwS. The EOR was similar in both groups. Glioma resection of the right hemisphere under awake mapping is a safer procedure with a better preservation of high-order cognitive functions and a higher rate of RTW than resection under general anesthesia, despite similar EOR.

Survival Analysis of Patients Undergoing Intraoperative Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Surgical Treatment of Malignant Glioma.

OBJECTIVE: Complete resection of malignant gliomas is often challenging. Our previous study indicated that intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ICEUS) could aid in the detection of residual tumor remnants and the total removal of brain lesions. This study aimed to investigate the survival rates of patients undergoing resection with or without the use of ICEUS and to assess the impact of ICEUS on the prognosis of patients with malignant glioma. METHODS: A total of 64 patients diagnosed with malignant glioma (WHO grade HI and IV) who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2018 were included. Among them, 29 patients received ICEUS. The effects of ICEUS on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients were evaluated. A quantitative analysis was performed to compare ICEUS parameters between gliomas and the surrounding tissues. RESULTS: The ICEUS group showed better survival rates both in OS and PFS than the control group. The univariate analysis revealed that age, pathology and ICEUS were significant prognostic factors for PFS, with only age being a significant prognostic factor for OS. In multivariate analysis, age and ICEUS were significant prognostic factors for both OS and PFS. The quantitative analysis showed that the intensity and transit time of microbubbles reaching the tumors were significantly different from those of microbubbles reaching the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION: ICEUS facilitates the identification of residual tumors. Age and ICEUS are prognostic factors for malignant glioma surgery, and use of ICEUS offers a better prognosis for patients with malignant glioma.

Minimally invasive keyhole approach for supramaximal frontal glioma resections: technical note.

OBJECTIVE: The authors aimed to review the frontal lobe's surgical anatomy, describe their keyhole frontal lobectomy technique, and analyze the surgical results. METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed frontal gliomas treated using a keyhole approach with supramaximal resection (SMR) from 2016 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgeries were performed on patients asleep and awake. A human donor head was dissected to demonstrate the surgical anatomy. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. RESULTS: Of the 790 craniotomies performed during the study period, those in 47 patients met our inclusion criteria. The minimally invasive approach involved four steps: 1) debulking the frontal pole; 2) subpial dissection identifying the sphenoid ridge, olfactory nerve, and optic nerve; 3) medial dissection to expose the falx cerebri and interhemispheric structures; and 4) posterior dissection guided by motor mapping, avoiding crossing the inferior plane defined by the corpus callosum. A fifth step could be added for nondominant lesions by resecting the inferior frontal gyrus. Perioperative complications were recorded in 5 cases (10.6%). The average hospital length of stay was 3.3 days. High-grade gliomas had a median progression-free survival of 14.8 months and overall survival of 23.9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Keyhole approaches enabled successful SMR of frontal gliomas without added risks. Robust anatomical knowledge and meticulous surgical technique are paramount for obtaining successful resections.

Prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma: A protocol for meta-analysis and systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Early postoperative seizures has been the most common clinical expression in gliomas; however, the incidence and risk factors for early postoperative seizures in gliomas are more controversial. This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Searches will be conducted on CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases and Web of Science for the period from database inception to December 31st, 2023. Case-control and cohort studies of the incidence and risk factors for early postoperative seizures in all gliomas will be included. The primary outcome will be incidence, risk factors. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality evaluation. Review of article screening, extracting data and risk of bias assessment will be repeated by two independent reviewers. RESULT: This study will provide evidence for the risk factors and incidence of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma. CONCLUSION: Our study will provide evidence for the prevention of early postoperative seizures in glioma patients. TRAIL REGISTRATION: This protocol was registered in PROSPERO and registration number is CRD42023415658.

Prognostic utility and characteristics of MIB-1 labeling index as a proliferative activity marker in childhood low-grade glioma: a retrospective observational study.

PURPOSE: The prognostic utility of MIB-1 labeling index (LI) in pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) has not yet conclusively been described. We assess the correlation of MIB-1 LI and tumor growth velocity (TGV), aiming to contribute to the understanding of clinical implications and the predictive value of MIB-1 LI as an indicator of proliferative activity and progression-free survival (PFS) in PLGG. METHODS: MIB-1 LI of a cohort of 172 nonependymal PLGGs were comprehensively characterized. Correlation to TGV, assessed by sequential MRI-based three-dimensional volumetry, and PFS was analyzed. RESULTS: Mean MIB-1 LI accounted for 2.7% (range: < 1-10) and showed a significant decrease to 1.5% at secondary surgery (p = .0013). A significant difference of MIB-1 LI in different histopathological types and a correlation to tumor volume at diagnosis could be shown. Linear regression analysis showed a correlation between MIB-1 LI and preoperative TGV (R2 = .55, p < .0001), while correlation to TGV remarkably decreased after incomplete resection (R2 = .08, p = .013). Log-rank test showed no association of MIB-1 LI and 5-year PFS after incomplete (MIB-1 LI > 1 vs ≤ 1%: 48 vs 46%, p = .73) and gross-total resection (MIB-1 LI > 1 vs ≤ 1%: 89 vs 95%, p = .75). CONCLUSION: These data confirm a correlation of MIB-1 LI and radiologically detectable TGV in PLGG for the first time. Compared with preoperative TGV, a crucially decreasing correlation of MIB-1 LI and TGV after surgery may result in limited prognostic capability of MIB-1 LI in PLGG.

Perioperative Neurocognitive Function in Glioma Surgery.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides a concise overview of the recent literature regarding preoperative and postoperative neurocognitive functioning (NCF) in patients with glioma. Brief discussion also covers contemporary intraoperative brain mapping work, with a focus on potential influence of mapping upon NCF outcomes following awake surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: Most patients with glioma exhibit preoperative NCF impairment, with severity varying by germ line and tumoral genetics, tumor grade, and lesion location, among other characteristics. Literature regarding postoperative NCF changes is mixed, though numerous studies indicate a majority of patients exhibit immediate and short-term worsening. This is often followed by recovery over several months; however, a substantial portion of patients harbor persisting declines. Decline appears related to surgically-induced structural and functional brain alterations, both local and distal to the tumor and resection cavity. Importantly, NCF decline may be mitigated to some extent by intraoperative brain mapping, including mapping of both language-mediated and nonverbal functions. Research regarding perioperative NCF in patients with glioma has flourished over recent years. While this has increased our understanding of contributors to NCF and risk of decline associated with surgical intervention, more work is needed to better preserve NCF throughout the disease course.

Impaired creative cognition after surgery for an IDH-mutated glioma: A proof-of-concept study.

Assessment of high cognitive functions, such as creativity, is often overlooked in medical practice. However, it is crucial to understand the impact of brain tumors, specifically low-grade gliomas, on creative cognition, as these tumors predominantly affect brain regions associated with cognitive creativity. In this study, we investigated creative cognition using the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) and the Combination of Associates Task (CAT) in a cohort of 29 patients who underwent brain surgery for a low-grade glioma, along with 27 control participants. While the group of patients did not exhibit deficits in clinical neuropsychological assessments, our results revealed significant impairment in generating original and creative ideas compared to the control group. Furthermore, when analyzing the specific brain regions affected by the tumors, patients with lesions overlapping the left rostro-lateral prefrontal cortex, a critical region for creativity, displayed more pronounced impairments in the CAT compared to patients with lesions outside this region. These findings provide proof of concept that patients can experience impaired creative cognition following surgery for low-grade glioma, highlighting the importance of assessing higher-order cognitive functions, including creativity, in neurosurgical patients. Moreover, beyond its clinical relevance, our study contributes to advancing our understanding of the neuroscience of creativity.

Surgical treatment of small recurrent gliomas based on MR imaging examination.

Microrecurrent glioma is a common neurological tumor, and the key to its surgical treatment is to accurately evaluate the size, location and degree of recurrence of the lesion. The purpose of this study was to explore the surgical treatment of microrecurrent glioma based on MR Imaging, and to provide accurate and reliable basis for clinical decision-making. Before surgery, detailed MR Imaging tests were performed for each patient to accurately locate and evaluate the characteristics of the lesions. Multimodal imaging examination were arranged to accurate the pre-operation diagnosis. Neuro-navigation is necessary for the operation design and tumor confirmation. Function monitor and intraoperation MR were prepared when necessary.Mini was defined by the size, location and symptoms. In all 5 cases requiring reoperation, total resection was achieved. No systemic and local complications occurred. No permeant neurological dysfunction remained. The average stay time after the operation is days. All patients survived in the recent follow-up. Reoperation of mini recurrent glioma is a good treatment choice. We made little injury to patients, which wouldn't affect their conditions and next therapies. Through MR Imaging, the diagnosis and location of microrecurrent glioma, as well as the relationship with surrounding tissues and the degree of infiltration, provide important information for surgeons to evaluate the resectable lesion. By combining MR And functional imaging results, the blood supply and functional area of the lesion can be monitored in real time during surgery, thereby reducing surgical risk and maximizing the protection of surrounding healthy tissue.