RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human gnathostomiasis is a food-borne zoonosis. Its etiological agents are the third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spp. Human gnathostomiasis is often reported in developing countries, but it is also an emerging disease in developed countries in non-endemic areas. The recent surge in cases of human gnathostomiasis is mainly due to the increasing consumption of raw freshwater fish, amphibians, and reptiles. METHODS: This article reviews the literature on Gnathostoma spp. and the disease that these parasites cause in humans. We review the literature on the life cycle and pathogenesis of these parasites, the clinical features, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, control, and new molecular findings on human gnathostomiasis, and social-ecological factors related to the transmission of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: The information presented provides an impetus for studying the parasite biology and host immunity. It is urgently needed to develop a quick and sensitive diagnosis and to develop an effective regimen for the management and control of human gnathostomiasis.
Assuntos
Parasitologia de Alimentos , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/terapia , Gnatostomíase/diagnóstico , Gnatostomíase/epidemiologia , Gnatostomíase/terapia , Animais , Peixes/parasitologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/parasitologia , Água Doce , Gnathostoma , Gnatostomíase/transmissão , Humanos , Imunidade , Larva , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Zoonoses/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/sangue , Gnathostoma/imunologia , Gnatostomíase/diagnóstico , Hematoma Epidural Espinal/diagnóstico , Adulto , Animais , Dor no Peito , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Gnatostomíase/parasitologia , Gnatostomíase/terapia , Hematoma Epidural Espinal/parasitologia , Hematoma Epidural Espinal/terapia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vértebras Torácicas/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In today's world, many people can travel easily and quickly around the globe. Most travel travel-related illnesses include fever, diarrhea, and skin disease, which are relatively uncommon in returning travelers. We review four of the most common emerging infestations and skin infections in the Americas, which are important to the clinical dermatologist, focusing on the clinical presentation and treatment of cutaneous larva migrans, gnathostomiasis, cutaneous amebiasis, and trombiculiasis.