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1.
J Microbiol ; 55(4): 280-288, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28124773

RESUMO

The morphogenesis of macromycetes is a complex multilevel process resulting in a set of molecular-genetic, physiological-biochemical, and morphological-ultrastructural changes in the cells. When the xylotrophic basidiomycetes Lentinus edodes, Grifola frondosa, and Ganoderma lucidum were grown on wood waste as the substrate, the ultrastructural morphology of the mycelial hyphal cell walls differed considerably between mycelium and morphostructures. As the macromycetes passed from vegetative to generative development, the expression of the tyr1, tyr2, chi1, chi2, exg1, exg2, and exg3 genes was activated. These genes encode enzymes such as tyrosinase, chitinase, and glucanase, which play essential roles in cell wall growth and morphogenesis.


Assuntos
Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Grifola/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hidrolases/biossíntese , Hifas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reishi/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cogumelos Shiitake/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transcrição Gênica , Grifola/enzimologia , Grifola/ultraestrutura , Hidrolases/genética , Hifas/enzimologia , Hifas/ultraestrutura , Microscopia , Morfogênese , Reishi/enzimologia , Reishi/ultraestrutura , Cogumelos Shiitake/enzimologia , Cogumelos Shiitake/ultraestrutura
2.
Mycopathologia ; 159(4): 583-90, 2005 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15983746

RESUMO

The morphological characteristics of sclerotia were induced in cultures of the fungus Grifola umbellata by introducing an unidentified companion fungus were studied by light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM). Light microscope and SEM investigations of developing sclerotia revealed that aerial mycelial hyphae diminished with age, and mature sclerotia had two tissue layers, the rind and medulla. The medulla was comprised of thin and thick-walled hyphae of varying diameter. The thick-walled cells always formed below the hyphal tips. Retraction of the cytoplasm was accompanied by the thickening of cell wall. There were crystalline initials in the newly formed sclerotium. Crystalline initials were always formed in the tip of medullary hyphae and were not of regular shape. A series of changes occurred in the cells in which the crystalline initials would be formed, such as enlargement of size, formation of one or several large vacuoles. Crystalline initials developed via amorphous materials in the cytoplasm deposited in the vacuoles. At last crystalline initials was released by degradation of the cell wall.


Assuntos
Grifola/ultraestrutura , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Hifas/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão
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