[Assessing experiences with discrimination in multiple social groups: invariance analysis of the Explicit Discrimination Scale in university students]. / Aferindo experiências com discriminação em múltiplos grupos sociais: análise de invariância da Escala de Discriminação Explícita em estudantes universitários.

This study evaluated the ability of the Explicit Discrimination Scale (EDS) to produce comparable estimates among respondents according to gender, color/race, and socioeconomic status. Analysis was based on data from two studies with students from Brazilian public universities. An abridged version of the EDS with eight items was evaluated by the alignment method. Findings indicated violation of invariance between color/race and gender groups. Reports of discriminatory experiences had better comparability between socioeconomic status strata. This study showed that EDS should be used with caution, especially to compare discrimination estimates between respondents of different colors/races and genders. The observed violation of invariance reinforces the need for additional research examining whether such a scenario persists in larger and more diverse samples from Brazil.

O objetivo foi avaliar a capacidade da Escala de Discriminação Explícita (EDE) de produzir estimativas comparáveis entre grupos de gênero, cor/raça e posição socioeconômica. A análise se baseou em dados de dois estudos, realizados com estudantes de universidades públicas brasileiras. Uma versão abreviada da EDE com oito itens foi avaliada, utilizando o método alignment (alinhamento). Nossos achados indicaram violação de invariância entre grupos de cor/raça e gênero. Os relatos de experiências discriminatórias tiveram melhor comparabilidade entre estratos de posição socioeconômica. Este estudo demonstrou que a EDE deve ser utilizada com cautela, especialmente para fazer comparações de estimativas de discriminação entre respondentes de cor/raça e gênero distintos. A violação de invariância observada reforça a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais, examinando se tal cenário se mantém em amostras mais amplas e diversas do país.

El objetivo fue evaluar la capacidad de la Escala de Discriminación Explícita (EDE) para producir estimaciones comparables entre grupos de género, color/raza y posición socioeconómica. El análisis se basó en los datos de dos estudios, realizados con estudiantes de universidades públicas brasileñas. Se evaluó una versión abreviada de la EDE con 8 ítems, utilizando el método alignment (alineación). Nuestros hallazgos indicaron una violación de la invariancia entre los grupos de color/raza y género. Los informes de experiencias discriminatorias fueron más comparables entre los estratos de posición socioeconómica. Este estudio demostró que la EDE debe usarse con precaución, especialmente para hacer comparaciones de estimaciones de discriminación entre encuestados distintos de color/raza y género. La violación de la invariancia observada refuerza la necesidad de investigaciones adicionales, examinando si tal escenario se mantiene muestras más amplias y diversas del país.

Determination of different social groups' level of knowledge about malaria in a multicultural Amazonian cross-border context.

BACKGROUND: A steady decline in the number of cases of malaria was observed in the 2000s in French Guiana. This enabled regional health policies to shift their public health goal from control to elimination. To include inhabitants in this strategy, the main objective of this study was to describe knowledge about malaria, and related attitudes and practices in persons living in the French Guiana border. METHODS: We conducted a survey in people over 15 years old living in the twelve neighbourhoods of Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock with the highest malaria incidence. It comprised a 147-item questionnaire which collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and included a Knowledge Attitude and Practices survey on malaria. Knowledge-related data were studied using exploratory statistical methods to derive summary variables. A binary variable assessing level of knowledge was proposed and then assessed using exploratory approaches. RESULTS: The mean age of the 844 participants was 37.2 years [15.8], the male/female sex ratio was 0.8. In terms of nationality, 485 (57.5%) participants were Brazilian and 352 (41.7%) French. One third (305, 36.1%) spoke Brazilian Portuguese as their native language, 295 (34.9%) the Amerindian language Palikur, 36 (4.3%) French. The symptoms of malaria and prevention means were poorly known by 213 (25.2%) and 378 (44.8%) respondents, respectively. A quarter (206, 24.4%) did not know that malaria can be fatal. Overall, 251 people (29.7%) had an overall poor level of knowledge about malaria. Being under 25 years old, living in a native Amerindian neighbourhood, having an Amerindian mother tongue language, having risk behaviours related to gold mining were significantly associated with a poor level of knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to describe the poor level of knowledge about malaria in populations living in the malaria endemic border area along the Oyapock river in French Guiana. Results will allow to reinforce, to diversify and to culturally adapt prevention messages and health promotion to increase their effectiveness with a view to quickly reaching the goal of malaria elimination through empowerment.

Epidemic control in networks with cliques.

Social units, such as households and schools, can play an important role in controlling epidemic outbreaks. In this work, we study an epidemic model with a prompt quarantine measure on networks with cliques (a clique is a fully connected subgraph representing a social unit). According to this strategy, newly infected individuals are detected and quarantined (along with their close contacts) with probability f. Numerical simulations reveal that epidemic outbreaks in networks with cliques are abruptly suppressed at a transition point f_{c}. However, small outbreaks show features of a second-order phase transition around f_{c}. Therefore, our model can exhibit properties of both discontinuous and continuous phase transitions. Next, we show analytically that the probability of small outbreaks goes continuously to 1 at f_{c} in the thermodynamic limit. Finally, we find that our model exhibits a backward bifurcation phenomenon.

Biodiversity is overlooked in the diets of different social groups in Brazil.

Food biodiversity is essential for improving nutrition and reducing hunger in populations worldwide. However, in middle and low-income countries, the biodiversity of food production does not necessarily represent food consumption patterns by population. We used Brazil, one of the world's megabiodiverse countries, as a case study to investigate the following questions: what is the prevalence of consumption of biodiverse foods in Brazil, and what are the socioeconomic factors that influence their consumption throughout the country? We used data from a Brazilian representative national dietary survey to estimate the frequency of food consumption of unconventional food plants, edible mushrooms, and wild meat, in according to socioeconomic variables. Thus, we investigated the socioeconomic predictors of Unconventional Food Plants consumption using methods of Machine Learning (ML) and multiple zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression. We showed that biodiverse food consumption in Brazil is low, just related by 1.3% of the population, varying in according to area, ethnicity, age, food insecurity, sex, and educational level. Our findings of low utilization of biodiversity suggest an important mismatch between the rich biodiversity of the country and its representation in the human diet.

Inequalities in diabetes mortality in Mexico: 2010-2019.

BACKGROUND: The impact of diabetes mellitus has been shown to be differentially expressed between social groups. OBJECTIVE: To estimate inequality gaps in diabetes mellitus mortality through absolute and relative measures according to geographic distribution and social conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diabetes mellitus-related deaths recorded in Mexico between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed, and inequality measurements at the state level were calculated by gender. RESULTS: National age-adjusted diabetes mellitus mortality rate showed an increase during the study period. CONCLUSION: The inequalities present in diabetes mortality should be considered for the design of health strategies.

ANTECEDENTES: Se ha demostrado que el impacto de la diabetes mellitus se expresa de manera diferenciada entre los grupos sociales. OBJETIVO: Estimar las brechas en la desigualdad en la mortalidad por diabetes mellitus a través de medidas absolutas y relativas según distribución geográfica y condiciones sociales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron las muertes registradas en México por diabetes mellitus entre 2010 y 2019 y se calcularon las mediciones de desigualdad a nivel estatal por sexo. RESULTADOS: La tasa de mortalidad nacional por diabetes mellitus ajustada por edad mostró un incremento durante el periodo estudiado. CONCLUSIÓN: Las desigualdades presentes en la mortalidad por diabetes deben considerarse para el diseño de estrategias de salud.

Cross-sectional study of the association of social relationship resources with Staphylococcus aureus colonization in naturally occurring social groups along the US/Mexico border.

Asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for subsequent clinical infection. Diminishing returns from mitigation efforts emphasize the need to better understand colonization, spread, and transmission of this opportunistic pathogen. While contact with other people presents opportunities for pathogen exposure and transmission, diversity of social connections may be protective against pathogens such as the common cold. This study examined whether social relationship resources, including the amount and diversity of social contacts, are associated with S. aureus colonization. Participants were community members (N = 443; 68% Hispanic) in naturally occurring social groups in southwestern Arizona. Four types of social relationships and loneliness were assessed, and samples from the skin, nose and throat were obtained to ascertain S. aureus colonization. Overall S. aureus prevalence was 64.8%. Neither the amount nor the diversity of social contacts were associated with S. aureus colonization. The concurrent validity of the social relationship assessments was supported by their moderate intercorrelations and by their positive association with self-rated health. The results suggest that the association of social network diversity and susceptibility to the common cold does not extend to S. aureus colonization. Conversely, colonization prevalence was not higher among those with more social contacts. The latter pattern suggests that social transmission may be relatively infrequent or that more intimate forms of social interaction may drive transmission and colonization resulting in high community prevalence of S. aureus colonization. These data inform communicable disease control efforts.

Patterns of abuse of elderly people in Brazil: analysis of notifications.

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of elderly people abuse notifications by gender and to assess notification patterns according to gender. We analyzed data from the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN) in 2017. We carried out a descriptive analysis of victim characteristics, violence, and the probable perpetrator according to gender. Pearson's χ2 test was used to assess the significance between groups. Then, we verified the main relationships between the studied characteristics and the victim's gender by simple correspondence analysis (SCA). Thus, 17,311 cases/suspicions of elderly people abuse were notified, corresponding to 7.2% of the total number of violence notifications. Of these victims, 50.4% were white, 42.3% were married, and 17.2% had a disability/disorder; 76.9% occurred at home, 62.8% included physical violence, and 49.5% were cases of repeated violence. Most perpetrators were men (62%), and violence by two or more perpetrators was observed in 62.8% of the cases. SCA evidenced inequalities in older adults' gender, which proved to be higher among women. Physical violence was the most common among younger and old individuals, whereas neglect/abandonment tended to occur more frequently among the oldest individuals, and was most often committed by daughters. In sum, this study demonstrated evidence of gender-based violence, especially among older adults. Disability proved to be an essential characteristic for neglect/abandonment in older adults. In this context, policies are needed to reduce gender inequalities and implement a care network for older adults who are victims of violence.

Grupo vivencial de sonhos na Psicologia Analítica como metodologia de trabalho em saúde mental / The experiential dream group in analytical psychology as a mental health tool

Este estudo visa analisar e descrever teoricamente o trabalho com grupos vivenciais de sonhos na perspectiva da Psicologia Analítica. Essa interface prediz uma intervenção que supera a prática psicológica tradicional focada no indivíduo, e assim, esta pesquisa resultou na descrição do desenvolvimento do método grupal e vivencial com sonhos. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica apresentada pelos principais autores dessa área como: Freitas, Gallbach, Mendes, Silva, Parisi, Yalom, Zimerman entre outros. Por meio da experiência destes autores, foi possível identificar que a dinâmica dos grupos fomentou a construção de uma identidade grupal, no qual os participantes sentem-se acolhidos para expressar os sonhos por meio de técnicas expressivas empregadas e realizando associações e amplificações pessoais e arquetípicas. Os grupos vivenciais, desta forma apresentam-se como uma importante ferramenta de intervenção e possibilidade terapêutica transformadora, principalmente quando comparado às novas metodologias empregadas na área saúde. Assim, o grupo torna-se um instrumento terapêutico para o desenvolvimento psicológico por meio do processo grupal numa perspectiva de acolhimento, compartilhamento e aceitação incondicional entre os participantes. Este método mostrou-se ser adaptável conforme o contexto em que será aplicado, perfil dos membros e objetivos selecionados.(AU)

This study is a theoretical approach to the work with dreams within the perspective of Analytical Psychology as a possibility of intervention within the scope of mental health. This interface predicts an intervention that goes beyond traditional individual-focused psychological practice, and thus this research resulted in the description of the development of the group and experiential method of dreams. From the bibliographical research presented by the main authors of this area as: Freitas, Gallbach, Mendes, Silva, Parisi, Yalom, Zimerman among others. Through the experience of these authors, it was possible to identify that the group dynamics fostered the construction of a group identity, in which participants feel welcomed to express their dreams through expressive techniques employed and performing personal and archetypal associations and amplifications. The experiential groups, thus, present themselves as an important intervention tool and transformative therapeutic possibility, especially when compared to the new methodologies employed in the health area. Thus, the group becomes a therapeutic instrument for psychological development through the group process in a perspective of welcoming, sharing and unconditional acceptance among the participants. This method has been shown to be adaptable according to the context in which it will beapplied, member profile and selected objectives.(AU)

Avaliação de grupos de promoção da saúde no envelhecimento: revisão sistemática / Evaluation of groups of health promotion in aging: systematic review

Este artigo objetivou apresentar uma revisão sistemática referente a avaliação de grupos de promoção da saúde no envelhecimento. Nas consultas realizadas nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), e Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (Medline) foram identificados 15 artigos, publicados no período de 2012-2016, o que possibilitou a construção das seguintes categorias temáticas: oficinas de educação em saúde, práticas recreativas, práticas corporais, e estimulação cognitiva. Nestes estudos, a avaliação de grupos de promoção da saúde focalizou a dimensão dos resultados, os efeitos das intervenções mediante os relatos dos participantes. Verificou-se a predominância da estratégia de avaliação por meio de grupos focais, em seguida os questionários, e em menor proporção os instrumentos quantitativos de estado geral de saúde e qualidade de vida. Os resultados indicaram que a adesão dos participantes nas intervenções possibilitou melhorias na interação social, nos estados emocionais, no autocuidado com a saúde integral, e na construção de estilos de vida saudáveis devido as aplicações dos conhecimentos obtidos nas atividades cotidianas. Nas avaliações quantitativas foram identificadas mudanças positivas no estado geral de saúde e qualidade de vida. Estes resultados indicam a necessidade de avaliar grupos de promoção da saúde, isto possibilita fundamentar práticas baseadas em evidências e promover saúde para que os idosos desenvolvam a cidadania e o protagonismo, aspectos centrais nas propostas das políticas públicas de saúde do Brasil.(AU)

This article want show a review about the evaluation of groups of health promotionin the aging. In the consultation made it based in on data’s of Literature of Latin America and Caribbean in Health Science (Lilacs), and International Literature in Health Science (Medline) were identified 15 articles, released between in 2012-2016, what make possible the construction of the follow categories: Workshop about health education, recreation practices, body practices, and cognitive stimulation. On these studies, the evaluation of the groups of health promotion had focus on the dimension of the results, the effects of the interventions according with the participants reports. Was check it the predominance of the strategies of evaluation by focal groups, and after the questionnaires, and the small proportion the quantitative instruments of general health state and life quality. The results designated that the accession of the participants on the interventions made possible an improvement of the social interaction, emotional states, self-care with the health, and the construction of life styles according with the applications of knowledge learned in the routine activites. In the quantitative evaluations were identified positive changes on the general health state and life quality. These results indicate the necessity of evaluation of groups of health promotion, this make possible instruct practices based in evidences and promote health for aged people develop citizenry, central aspects on the proposes of health public policies of Brazil.(AU)

A evolução do conceito de grupo em Silvia Lane / Evolution of the group concept in Silvia Lane’s work

Grupo sempre foi conceito destacado na Psicologia. No Brasil, uma autora a ele se dedicou de modo especial, ao propô-lo como categoria analítica privilegiada em sua proposta de uma psicologia social voltada à nossa realidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar como, no trabalho de Silvia Lane, se deu a evolução do conceito de grupo. Para isso, contou com análise de conteúdo de textos de sua autoria. Os resultados dessa análise indicam que o trabalho com grupos desenvolvido por Silvia Lane estava estreitamente ligado à prática de pesquisa, sua e dos alunos, permitindo a produção de conhecimento sobre grupos a partir da aplicação em grupos específicos da sociedade. Dentro da universidade, usava suas aulas da disciplina “Processos Grupais” como laboratório de pesquisa, o que significa que não apenas reproduzia os autores que lhe davam sustentação teórica, mas aplicando-a à nossa realidade, para, então, revisá-la, agora transformada pelo efeito da prática, e então colocá-la na prática novamente. Assim sendo, a evolução do conceito é explicitada neste trabalho, mostrando que, na proposta desta pioneira de uma psicologia social brasileira, trabalha-se com processo grupal (e não simplesmente grupo).(AU)

The concept of “group” has always been prominent in psychology. The author Silvia Lane has dedicated herself to this concept in a special way, proposing it as a privileged analytical category within social psychology focused on Brazilian reality. The present paper has the objective of demonstrating the development of the group concept in Silvia Lane’s work. To reach this purpose, the content analysis of her written material has itself been analyzed. The results indicate that the work with groups is strictly linked to the research done by herself and her students, which led to building knowledge about the groups when applied to specific groups in society. As a professor, Silvia Lane has used her classes of “Group Processes” as an experimental arena, not only reproducing the theoretical assumptions from other authors, but also applying them to the Brazilian reality. By doing it, the author was able to review such assumptions, now transformed by practice to then put them into practice again. Thus, the evolution of the concept is explained in the paper, demonstrating that the group process (and not simply the “group”) is a pioneer concept brought on by this Brazilian social psychologist.(AU)

PERSPECTIVAS ANALÍTICAS E PROGRAMAS DE PESQUISA SOBRE A COOPERAÇÃO SOCIAL / PERSPECTIVAS ANALÍTICAS Y PROGRAMAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE LA COOPERACIÓN SOCIAL / ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVES AND RESEARCH PROGRAMS ON SOCIAL COOPERATION

Resumo:Este artigo examina formatos teóricos que rivalizam em sua forma de explicar a cooperação social. São expostas duas perspectivas teóricas distintas, através das pesquisas de Jean Piaget e de autores da Teoria da Escolha Racional. Enquanto a primeira compreende a cooperação a partir da evolução das estruturas cognitivas morais, a segunda vê-la como resultado da coordenação dos interesses de atores racionais. Após a exposição de recentes publicações no âmbito da cooperação, são expostas e comparadas as principais perspectivas teóricas já mencionadas, identificando seus aportes à compreensão do fenômeno cooperativo, seus pontos de convergência e de distanciamento. Elencamos os principais programas de pesquisa que têm dado desdobramento às premissas teóricas de Piaget e dos autores da Teoria da Escolha Racional.(AU)

Resumen:Este artículo examina marcos teóricos que rivalizan en su forma de explicar la cooperación social. Son presentadas dos perspectivas distintas, a través de las investigaciones de Jean Piaget y de autores de la Teoría de la Elección Racional. En cuanto la primera entiende la cooperación a partir de las estructuras cognitivas morales, la segunda la ve como el resultado de la coordinación de intereses de actores racionales. Después de exponer publicaciones recientes en el ámbito de la cooperación, son presentadas y comparadas las principales perspectivas teóricas ya mencionadas, identificando sus aportes a la comprensión del fenómeno cooperativo, sus puntos de convergencia y de distanciamiento. Enumeramos los principales programas de investigación derivados de las premisas teóricas de Piaget y de los autores de la teoría de la elección racional.(AU)

Abstract:This article examines theoretical frameworks that rival in his way of explaining social cooperation. Two different perspectives are presented through research of Jean Piaget and authors of the rational choice theory. As the first means cooperation from the moral cognitive structures, the second sees it as the result of coordination of interests of rational actors. After presenting recent publications in the field of cooperation, are exposed and compared the main theoretical perspectives already mentioned, identifying their contribution to the understanding of cooperative phenomena, their points of convergence and distancing. We list the main research programs derived from the theoretical premises of Piaget and the authors of the rational choice theory.(AU)

Dispositivos grupais e tecnológicos na pesquisa-intervenção / Group and technical apparatus in a research-intervention framework / Dispositivos grupales y tecnológicos en la investigación-intervención

Neste artigo abordo o uso de técnicas grupais e artefatos técnicos no referencial da pesquisa-intervenção com o auxílio do conceito de dispositivo. Essa conceituação permite uma problematização do corpo e dos dispositivos experimentais na produção de conhecimento e a distinção de dois eixos analíticos nas configurações grupais: os corpos viventes, em especial os corpos humanos, e os objetos não vivos, que possuem diversos graus de tecnicidade. Entre tais objetos, destaco aqueles que servem de suporte para inscrições e que possuem particularidades quando de seu uso na pesquisa-intervenção. Concluo com a indicação de alguns desafios quanto ao uso de dispositivos grupais e tecnológicos nas pesquisas com seres humanos, principalmente quando os participantes são considerados sujeitos interessados na produção de conhecimento. (AU)

We examine the use of group techniques and the emergence of technical artifacts within a research-intervention framework with the help of the concept of the assemblage (dispositif). This conceptualization enables us to problematize the body as well as experimental assemblages in knowledge production, and allows us to identify two analytical axes in group configurations: living bodies—particularly human bodies—and non-living objects presenting different levels of technicity. Among these objects, we foreground those which are used as support for inscriptions as well as those which present particularities related to their use in research-interventions. We close with a brief engagement with the challenges involved in the use of group and technological assemblages in research involving human beings, mainly when participants are considered as subjects interested in knowledge production. (AU)

En este trabajo enfoco el uso de técnicas grupales y artefactos técnicos en el marco de la investigación-intervención con la ayuda del concepto de dispositivo. Esta definición permite hacer interrogaciones acerca del cuerpo y de los dispositivos experimentales en la producción de conocimiento, además de una distinción de dos ejes analíticos sobre grupos: los organismos vivos, en particular los cuerpos humanos, y los objetos no vivos, que tienen distintos grados de tecnicidad. Entre estos objetos, subrayo los que sirven de soporte para inscripciones y sus características a la vez que son utilizados en la investigación con seres humanos. Concluyo señalando algunos retos en cuanto al uso de dispositivos grupales y tecnológicos en la investigación con seres humanos, sobre todo cuando los participantes se consideran personas interesadas en la producción de conocimiento. (AU)

Na semana das eleições: Uma análise da motivação eleitoral baseada na identidade nacional e na eficácia política / The week before elections: an analysis of the voting motivations based on national identity and political efficacy

Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar a motivação eleitoral dos Brasileiros com base na identificação nacional e na sua percepção de eficácia política, na semana que antecedeu as eleições de 5 de Outubro. Participaram no estudo 253 Brasileiros/as (120 do sexo masculino e133 do sexo feminino) entre os 18 e os 69 anos (M = 20.27, DP = 13.01), recrutados voluntariamente através de email e redes sociais. Os resultados mostraram que a motivação paravotar resulta de uma identificação nacional positiva, sendo esta relação mais forte nos indivíduos com elevados índices de eficácia política interna. Para além disso, a motivação para votar estátambém associada a uma avaliação positiva da Presidente da República, e a um sentimento de eficácia política externa. No global, estes resultados permitem compreender melhor algumasperceções e motivações do eleitorado Brasileiro, e sugerem que a participação eleitoral está associada a um clima de confiança e satisfação. (AU)

This study aimed to analyze Brazilians’ voting motivation, based on their national identification and perception of political efficacy, on the week before October 5th’s national elections. 253 Brazilians (120 male and 133 female), aged between 18 and 69 years old (M =20.27, SD = 13.01), participated in this research. Participants were volunteers, recruited by email and social networks. Results indicate that voting motivation is an outcome of a positive nationalidentification, and that this relation is stronger among those who report higher levels of internal political efficacy. Moreover, voting motivation is also associated with a positive evaluation of the Brazilian President, and with a greater perception of external political efficacy. In general, these results allow for a better understanding of perceptions and motivations of Brazilian electorate,and suggest that voting participation is linked to a general climate of satisfaction and confidence. (AU)

Entre o regime civil-militar e a atualidade: das demandas sociais históricas aos rolezinhos / Between the civil-military regime and the Actuality: the historic social demands to rolezinhos / Entre el Regimen civil-militar y la actualidad: de las demandas sociais históricas a los rolezinhos / Entre le régime civilo-militaire et l'actualité: les demandes sociales historiques à rolezinhos

Este artigo visa avaliar como as transformações estruturais sofridas pelo Estado brasileiro a partir do regime de exceção iniciado em 1964, passando pela abertura de mercado a partir de 1990 e a disseminação de novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação desde os anos 2000, mudaram as formas de organização e pressão social aos governos por demandas, tendo por base a análise de um estudo de caso: os rolezinhos.(AU)

This research aims to study how the structural transformations undergone by the Brazilian government, starting with the exception scheme beginning in 1964, through the market opening since 1990 and the spread of new information technologies and communication since 2000, changed the forms of the organization and social pressure on governments by demands, based on the analysis of a case study: the rolezinhos.(AU)

Esa investigación se propone a evaluar cómo los cambios estructurales del Estado brasileño, desde el regimén de excepción empezado en 1964, a través de la apertura del mercado desde 1990 y la difusión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación desde el año 2000, cambió las formas organización y la presión social sobre los gobiernos por las demandas, basando en el análisis de un estudio de caso: los rolezinhos.(AU)

Cet article vise à évaluer comment les transformations structurelles subies par l'État brésilien depuis le régime d'exception démarré à partir de 1964, en passent par l'ouverture du marché depuis 1990 et par la diffusion des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication depuis les années 2000, ont changé les formes d'organisation et pression sociale sur les gouvernements pour demandes sociales, ayant comme base l'analyse d'un étude de cas: les rolezinhos.(AU)

Identidade social, saúde mental e avaliação dos impactos da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 / Social identity, mental health and impacts´ evaluation of the 2014 FIFA World Cup

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como os brasileiros avaliam os impactos da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 e comparar a avaliação de indivíduos com diferentes características sociodemográficas, com diferentes níveis de identidade social, e com diferentes níveis de saúde mental. Participaram do estudo 1028 brasileiros (581 mulheres e 447 homens, M = 30,87 anos, DP = 10.80) dos 26 estados da Federação mais o Distrito Federal. Os resultados indicaram que os homens e os residentes em cidades-sede fazem uma melhor avaliação dos impactos da copa. Tanto a identificação com os brasileiros como os indicadores de saúde mental apresentaram umacorrelação positiva com a avaliação dos impactos positivos da copa e emoções positivas, e uma correlação negativa com a avaliação dos impactos negativos da copa e emoções negativas. Osresultados deste estudo apontam para a importância de compreender a opinião das pessoas sobre os megaeventos esportivos ocorridos no país, identificando fatores individuais e contextuais que influenciam essa opinião. (AU)

The aim of this study was to verify how Brazilians evaluate the FIFA 2014 World Cup´s impacts and to compare the evaluation of individuals with different sociodemographic characteristics, different levels of social identity, and different levels of mental health. The study included 1028 Brazilians (581 women and 447 men, M = 30.87 years, SD = 10.80) from 26Brazilian states beyond Federal District. Results indicated that men and residents of host cities performed a better evaluation of World Cup´s impacts. Identification with Brazilians and indicators of mental health showed positive correlations with the evaluation of positive impacts and positive emotions about FIFA 2014 World Cup, and negative correlations with negativeimpacts and negative emotions about the event. The results of this study point out to the importance of understanding people's opinions about the sports mega-events occurring in their country, identifying individual and contextual factors that influence this opinion. (AU)

Will the World Cup change Brazil? Hosting a World Cup and the birth of new national narratives

The article discusses the question why and how social psychologists should research the impact of having been the host of the World Cup for the Brazilian society. It will be argued that social psychologist should focus on changing national narratives, social representations and social imaginaries of being Brazilian. This approach should be related to research on collectiveaction and collective emotions. Based on some qualitative projects conducted by the author in Germany and Brazil, the ambivalent character of modern national identity will be discussed. Thisambivalence is grounded on different national narratives that are essential for the selfunderstanding of members from a nation. Hosting the World Cup has impacted on these fundamental narratives, already in anticipation of the event. Whereas expectations regarding the upcoming event were broadly skeptical and linked to fears, the experience of the event by itself included some positively attributed surprises. For some, the fearful view of “imagina na copa” turned into a proud “copa das copas” – though critics in regard to large spendings maintained. Itcan be assumed that having been the host of the World Cup, in the future will be embedded in national narratives and therefore will have impacts for Brazilian national identity. (AU)

Transtorno no uso do álcool e autoestima: verificação de um modelo empírico em diferentes grupos sociais / Alcohol use disorder and self-esteem: the assessment of an empirical model in different social groups

O consumo de álcool tem sido incluído na dinâmica social das pessoas e gerado um padrão de sociabilidade para asrelações interpessoais e também é sugerido como fator de redução de doenças. Apesar da perspectiva positiva quanto ao uso de álcool, esta substância tem causado problemas sociais, econômicos, psicológicos e de saúde humana. Em virtude de sua gravidade, estudos em áreas gerais têm buscado avaliar o perfil dos consumidores no uso de álcool e as variáveis que influenciam esse problema com o objetivo de mensurar o impacto dessas condutas no ajustamento social e mental dos consumidores. Duzentos e treze sujeitos entre 15 e 57 anos, de ambos os sexos, de diferentes grupos sociais, moradores da cidade de João Pessoa (PB) responderam ao instrumento de autoestima de Rosemberg, ao Cagee ao questionário de dados sociodemográficos. Observou-se que, além de os indicadores psicométricos garantirem a qualidade das escalas usadas no estudo, houve uma correlação negativa do Cage com a autoestima positiva e uma correlação positiva do Cage com autoestima negativa. Isto é, quanto maior o transtorno no uso do álcool, menor avisão positiva que os sujeitos têm de si mesmos.(AU)

Alcohol consumption has been included in people’s social dynamics and has generated a pattern of sociability andinterpersonal relationships. It is also suggested as a factor in disease reduction. Despite the positive outlook regarding the use of alcohol, this substance has caused social, economic, psychological, and human health problems. Due to its seriousness, studies in several areas have sought to evaluate the profile of alcohol consumers and the variables thatinfluence this issue in order to measure the impact of these behaviors on consumers’ social adjustment and mental health. Two hundred and thirteen subjects from João Pessoa-PB, with ages ranging from 15 to 57 years old, both males and females from different social groups answered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Cage Assessment, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Psychometric indicators ensured the quality of the scales used in this study. Cage displayed a negative correlation with positive self-esteem and a positive correlation with negative self-esteem. That is, the larger the subjects’ alcohol disorder, the lower their positive view of themselves.(AU)

Redes sociais e adolescência: conexões / Social networks and adolescence: connections

Este artigo tem por objetivo fazer um estudo das conexões existentes entre o período da adolescência e o uso das redes sociais. A partir da compreensão dos motivos que levam as pessoas a utilizar as redes sociais e de uma revisão do desenvolvimento normal adolescente, tentou-se entender o que motivaria os jovens para o uso dessas ferramentas. Foi concluído que conflitivas típicas dessa etapa, como a reconstrução da identidade, a importância do grupo e o confronto de gerações, fazem com que esses ambientes virtuais tenham intensa atração nessa fase da vida. Dessa forma, pais e profissionais da saúde devem estar atentos ao envolvimento dos seus filhos adolescentes com essas mídias sociais

This article aims to study the links between the period of adolescence and the use of social networks. From understanding the reasons that lead people to use social networks and a revision of the normal adolescent development, was tried to understand what would motivate young people to use social networks. It was concluded that the typicals psychodynamics conflicts of generations, make these virtual environments have an intense attraction during this time of life. For this reasons, it is important for parents and health professionals to be aware about the relationship between adolescents and social medias

Lo grupal no son los grupos ni los dispositivos. Notas sobre la publicación Lo Grupal en la Argentina (1983-1993) / Lo grupal are not groups or dispositives. On the publication Lo Grupal in Argentina (1983-1993)

El artículo es parte de un trabajo más amplio en el marco de la elaboración de la tesis doctoral (UBA-Facultad de Psicología) cuyo tema es el análisis histórico-crítico de la publicación Lo Grupal en la Argentina (1983-1993). Se presenta en esta oportunidad un recorrido que apunta, en primer lugar, a situar algunos aspectos centrales que nos interesa recuperar en la iniciativa de esta publicación. Fundamentalmente, la referencia a la noción de ôlo grupalö como modo de atender las condiciones histórico-sociales en los procesos de producción de subjetividad. En segundo lugar se trabaja alrededor de la noción de dispositivo para aproximarnos a identificar su relevancia en la problemática grupal e institucional en el ámbito local. Para ello se explicita, por un lado, la problematización de ciertos usos del término que lo reducen a un equivalente de técnica o instrumento, tal como fue señalado por autores de Lo Grupal (De Brasi, 1989, 2012; Percia, 2004, 2010). Luego se presenta una breve revisión del concepto de dispositivo como fue trabajado por Foucault (1973, 1976) y retomado por otros autores europeos (Agamben, 2005; Deleuze, 1978, 1986, 1990, 1995; Guattari, 1978; Esposito, 2007). Por último se destacan los usos del término en los desarrollos de Gregorio Kaminsky (1990) alrededor de lo que llamó dispositivos institucionales. Los aportes de Kaminsky son significativos por dos motivos: posibilitan poner de manifiesto la reducción que implica el uso del término en un sentido instrumental y, al mismo tiempo, muestran la relevancia que tuvo este concepto para reflexionar sobre la problemática de la violencia en las instituciones y los grupos en el período de transición democrática en la Argentina.(AU)