A register-based study comparing planned rehabilitation following acute stroke in 2011 and 2017.

This cross-sectional, register-based study aimed to explore patterns of planned rehabilitation at discharge from stroke units in Sweden in 2011 and 2017 and identify explanatory variables for planned rehabilitation. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify variables that could explain planned rehabilitation. There were 19,158 patients in 2011 and 16,508 patients in 2017 with stroke, included in the study. In 2011, 57% of patients were planned for some form of rehabilitation at discharge from stroke unit, which increased to 72% in 2017 (p < 0.001). Patients with impaired consciousness at admission had increased odds for planned rehabilitation (hemorrhage 2011 OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.81, 2017 OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.20-2.32), (IS 2011 OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08-1.34, 2017 OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.28-1.75). Admission to a community hospital (hemorrhage 2011 OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43-0.74, 2017 OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.27-0.56) (IS 2011 OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.58-0.69, 2017 OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.49-0.61) or to a specialized non-university hospital (hemorrhage 2017 OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.94), (IS 2011 OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98, 2017 OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.84) was associated with decreased odds of receiving planned rehabilitation compared to admission to a university hospital. As a conclusion severe stroke was associated with increased odds for planned rehabilitation and patients discharged from non-university hospitals had consistently decreased odds for planned rehabilitation.

Effects of a posttonsillectomy management program using a mobile instant messenger on parents' knowledge and anxiety, and their children's compliance, bleeding, and pain.

PURPOSE: Pediatric tonsillectomy is a highly common surgery for children. The inclusion of tonsillectomy in the diagnosis-related group payment system in Korea has resulted in a shorter hospital stay for patients who undergo tonsillectomy. This, in turn, provides parents with additional caregiver roles in the home. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a postdischarge management program (PDMP) using Mobile Instant Messenger (MIM) on parents' knowledge and state anxiety about postoperative care, and their children's compliance with care instructions at home, frequency of bleeding, and pain intensity after tonsillectomy. DESIGN AND METHODS: A nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 52 tonsillectomy children aged 3-7 years and their 52 parents (27 for the experimental group and 25 for the control group) from a hospital, in Korea. The control group received a routine written and oral predischarge education, while the experimental group received a predischarge education and a daily MIM for 7 days. For the experimental group, bidirectional communication between the nurse and parent when necessary using MIM are available during the intervention period. RESULTS: Parents in the experimental group reported a significantly higher knowledge about postdischarge management and lower state anxiety than the control group. Children in the experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in compliance with the care instructions at home than the control group. However, bleeding frequency and pain intensity were not significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the control group. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Nurses play a critical role in preventing and managing the complications of tonsillectomy. Providing proper parental education about pediatric posttonsillectomy care at home is critical for a successful recovery. With the explosion of smartphone technology, the MIM-based PDMP is a useful and effective strategy in helping parents and children in posttonsillectomy care at home.

[The potential of general magnetic therapy for the rehabilitation of the patients presenting with hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possibility and effectiveness of the application of general magnetic therapy for the combined treatment and rehabilitation of the patients presenting with hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas. A total of 102 patients were examined and treated; they were divided into two (control and study) groups matched for age and the main clinical manifestations of the disease. All the patients were given basal therapy, those in the study group were additionally treated using general magnetic therapy. It was shown that the inclusion of this procedure in the combined treatment of hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas promoted rapid and well-apparent elimination of the local inflammatory process, reduced oedema of the affected extremity, improved tissue trophicity, and stimulated microcirculation.

[Management of extended blood loss and massive transfusion]. / Deklaration von Helsinki zur Patientensicherheit in der Anästhesiologie--Teil 5: Management des Blutungsnotfalls und der Massivtransfusion.

In patients suffering from massive bleeding, transfusion of allogenic blood products (red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma and platelets) and the application of other hemostatic therapy in form of coagulation factor concentrates represent therapeutic approaches to optimize hemostasis and to restore and assure tissue oxygenation. In accordance to the "Helsinki declaration on patient safety" of the European Society of Anaesthesiology, this review article describes a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of patients requiring massive transfusion that was implemented at the University hospital Frankfurt in 2013. Our guideline may be used as a template for other institutions.

Epidemiology of acute transfusions in major orthopaedic trauma.

OBJECTIVES: The orthopaedic trauma-related blood product usage is largely unknown. Aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of early (<24 hours of arrival) blood component use in major orthopaedic trauma. DESIGN: 12-month prospective observational study. SETTING: John Hunter Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, New South Wales, Australia. PATIENTS: 64 consecutive trauma admissions identified, who had an orthopaedic injury and required at least 1 unit of packed red blood cells (PRBC) <24 hours of arrival. INTERVENTION: Epidemiological study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographics, orthopaedic injury type, procedure type, injury severity score, timing, place of first unit of transfusion, and blood component volumes were collected. Activation of the massive transfusion protocol was recorded. Primary outcome measures were intensive care unit admission and mortality. RESULTS: From 965 major trauma admissions, 64 had one or more orthopaedic injuries and were transfused <24 hours. Forty-eight percent (31/64) required massive transfusion protocol activation. Average age was 41 ± 21 years, 73% (47/64) men. Eighty-four percent (54/64) required emergent orthopaedic intervention, 41% (22/54) having multiple procedures. Overall mortality was 13% (8/64). Twenty-five percent (16/64) required ≥10 units of PRBC. Average PRBC use was 7.2 ± 6.6 units and fresh frozen plasma use 4.3 ± 5.2 units. Thirty-nine percent (25/64) had a pelvic ring injury or acetabular fracture. Thirty-seven percent (24/64) had at least one femoral shaft fracture. Twenty patients had a total of 23 tibia fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Orthopaedic trauma patients consume the majority of the blood products <24 hours among blunt trauma patients. This resource-intensive group requires frequent urgent surgical interventions and intensive care unit admission. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

[Clinical characteristics and rehabilitation treatment of iliopsoas hemorrage in 41 patients with hemophilia].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and effects of rehabilitation treatment on hemophiliacs with iliopsoas hemorrage. METHODS: The hemophilia patients with iliopsoas bleeding treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2006 to December 2010 were enrolled. The clinical characteristics including symptoms, signs, complications, and rehabilitation treatment were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: All of the forty-one hemophiliacs with iliopsoas bleeding were male, 20 cases wee the left bleeding, 18 the right, and 3 the bilateral. The median median age was 18 (6 - 61) years old(y). The median age of the iliopsoas bleeding for the first time was 17 (6 - 20) y. 34 patients accompanied with femoral nerve injury, 19 of them had secondary knee bleeding on the same side. 20 patents had quadriceps atrophy. Pelvic pseudotumor developed in 2 patients and permanent abnormal posture in 2 patients. The main finding of the ultrasound image was low-echo mass in iliopsoas muscles or inguinal region. 34 patients received rehabilitation therapy for 8 - 12 weeks under the support of factor replacement, complete hematomas absorption in 33 of them, with hip range of motion recovering back to baseline. 27 of 32 (84.4%) cases with femoral nerve injury got quadriceps strength above 4/5 grade, 20 cases of femoral nerve injury (62.5%) still had numbness on front of their thigh after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of iliopsoas bleeding, most of the patients are adolescent. High prevalence of the femoral nerve injury and the secondary knee bleeding are found. Rehabilitation treatment under the support of factor replacement is safe and effective on hematoma absorption and neurological function recovery.

Lack of effect of unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion on patient outcomes after massive transfusion in a civilian setting.

BACKGROUND: Warm fresh whole blood has been advocated for critical bleeding in the military setting. This study assessed whether unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion, from donation to transfusion less than 24 hours, could reduce mortality of patients with critical bleeding in a civilian setting. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A linked data cohort study was conducted on a total of 353 consecutive patients requiring massive transfusion, defined as 10 units or more of red blood cells or whole blood transfusion within 24 hours, in a quaternary health care center in Australia. RESULTS: Of the 353 patients with massive blood transfusion in the study, 77 received unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion (mean, 4.0 units; interquartile range, 2-6). The diagnosis, severity of acute illness, age, sex, and ABO blood group were not significantly different between the patients who received unrefrigerated young whole blood and those who did not. Unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusions were associated with a slightly improved coagulation profile (lowest fibrinogen concentrations 1.7g/L vs. 1.4g/L, p=0.006; worst international normalization ratio, 2.4 vs. 2.8, p=0.05) but did not reduce the total utilization of allogeneic blood products and subsequent use of recombinant Factor VIIa (27% vs. 22%, p=0.358). Thirty-day mortality and 8-year survival after hospital discharge (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-2.65; p=0.93) were also not different after the use of unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Unrefrigerated young whole blood transfusion was not associated with a reduced mortality of patients requiring massive transfusion in a civilian setting when other blood products were readily available.

Resultados y eficiencia del tratamiento rehabilitador del hemipléjico. Estudio evolutivo / Results and efficiency of the stroke medical rehabilitation treatment. Evolutive study

Introducción: El análisis de la eficiencia del tratamiento rehabilitador del accidente vascular cerebral tiene especial importancia por tratarse de una patología invalidante que requiere tratamientos prolongados y cuyo resultado depende no sólo de las características propias de la lesión sufrida, sino también de la estructura disponible, que condiciona el tipo e intensidad del tratamiento de rehabilitación. Objetivo: Se analiza el resultado y la eficiencia del tratamiento rehabilitador del hemipléjico agudo en régimen hospitalario durante los períodos 2002–2007 (P02-07) y 1994–2001 (P94-01). Pacientes y método: Se realiza el estudio de una cohorte de casos consecutivos de pacientes que sufrieron un accidente vascular cerebral entre el 1-01-2002 y el 31-12-2007 e ingresaron en el servicio de rehabilitación para tratamiento. Se mide la situación funcional por medio del Functional Independence Measure (FIM) al ingreso y al alta. La eficiencia fue considerada como el cociente entre ganancia y estancia. Se construye el patrón de resultados y la matriz de eficiencia de Stineman. Se compara la eficiencia, el patrón de resultados y la matriz de eficiencia de este período (2002–2007) con el de 1994 a 2001. Resultados Los pacientes del P02-07 (129 pacientes) son de menor edad que los del P94-01 (247 pacientes) (63,5 vs. 69,1; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 3,2–8,1), tienen un FIM al alta similar (76,9 y 76,8), las ganancias (27,3 vs. 33,7; IC95%: 2,1–10,5) y las estancias (29,3 vs. 36,7; IC95%: 0,7–13) son inferiores, y la eficiencia es similar (1,5 y 1,4) en ambos períodos. No hay diferencias entre los patrones de resultados, aunque el percentil 75 es inferior en el P02-07 (96 vs. 103). Las matrices de eficiencia se diferencian en el grupo v (baja eficiencia), que disminuye en el P02-07 (el 19,5% vs. el 30,4%; p=0,03). Conclusiones: Se confirma la tendencia a la disminución de la estancia y la ganancia en el FIM, manteniendo la eficiencia. El grupo de baja eficiencia mejora pero, en los resultados, el percentil 75 del FIM al alta tiene valores más bajos (AU)

Introduction: The analysis of the efficiency of a stroke rehabilitation program has special importance. It requires prolonged treatments and the results depend on the kind of injury and the type and intensity of the rehabilitation treatment. Objective Analyze the results and the efficiency of the cerebral vascular rehabilitation program in patients during these periods 2002–2007 (P02-07) and 1994–2001 (P94-01). Patients and method Is a study with a group of patients who suffered a cerebral vascular accident between the 01-01-2002 and the 31-12-2007 and they had admitted in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation service for a treatment. We used the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) before and after the rehabilitation program. The efficiency was considered like the quotient between gain and stay. It is constructed the pattern of results and the matrix of efficiency of Stineman. We compared the efficiency, the pattern of results and the matrix of efficiency of this period (2002–2007) with the one from 1994 to 2001. Results: The patients of the P02-07 (129 patients) have a smaller age than those of the P94-01 (247 patients) (63,5 versus 69.1; IC95% 3,2 to 8,1), they have a similar FIM (76,9 and 76.8), but the gain (27,3 versus 33.7; IC95% 2,1 to 10,5) and the stay (29,3 versus 36.7; IC95% 0,7 to 13) are inferiors, and the efficiency is similar (1,5 and 1.4) in both periods. There are no differences between the patterns of results, although the percentile 75 is inferior in the P02-07 (96 versus 103). The matrix of efficiency are different in the group V (low efficiency) that falls in P02-07 (19, 5% versus 30, 4%; p=0.03). Conclusions: There is a reduction in the stay and the gain in the FIM, but the efficiency is similar. The group of low efficiency improves but, in the results, percentile 75 of the FIM at discharge has lower values (AU)

Surgery in hemophilia. The general view: patient selection, timing, and preoperative assessment.

Although often overlooked, the life of the patient with severe hemophilia is characterized by both intermittent and chronic pain. Bleeds into joints and muscles cause extensive pressure on sensory nerves and, following recurrent bleeds, joint destruction, and synovial reaction is accompanied by constant pains that are frequently mistaken for further bleeding. The orthopedic surgeon may break the vicious cycle of chronic synovitis by excising inflamed and hypertrophic synovium or severely damaged cartilage and adjacent bone ends, and implanting an artificial joint. Numerous technical solutions are now available and orthopedic surgery is increasingly on offer to those hemophilia patients who, since childhood, have been victims of insufficiently treated bleeds because no or limited treatment was available, and because the concept of prophylaxis had not yet been developed. Nonetheless, orthopedic surgery in patients with hemophilia requires much more effort and planning than surgery in non-hemophilic patients. In this overview, we will address issues related to surgery in hemophilic patients, as well as some practical issues related to the timing of surgery, preoperative testing, perioperative hemostasis, and patient rehabilitation.

Functional recovery after bleeding episodes in haemophilia.

Haemophilia is characterized by intra-articular and intramuscular bleeding episodes. Although much work has been carried out into post-bleeding mechanisms in both synovial joints and muscles, the picture is not yet clear. A firm post-bleeding rehabilitation protocol is of utmost importance for people with haemophilia. The use of the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health reveals that information worldwide is on body level, whereas the goals of patients with haemophilia implicitly aim at optimal functional recovery. This interferes much more with activities and participation in society. The Functional Independence Score for Haemophilia and the Post-bleeding Protocol Based on Functional Milestones are examples of post-bleeding approaches that deal more with function. Two cases will emphasize the value of this approach.

Iliopsoas haemorrhage in patients with bleeding disorders--experience from one centre.

Iliopsoas haemorrhage in patients with bleeding disorders is a potentially life-threatening condition, with significantly associated morbidity. Despite its clinical importance, little has been published on the frequency, complications or outcomes of this entity since the advent of modern therapies for haemophilia. In a retrospective review of 297 patients with bleeding disorders followed at our centre, we identified 46 episodes of iliopsoas haemorrhage in 31 patients. Patients presented primarily with thigh, hip and/or groin pain, and frequently had flexion hip contracture, femoral nerve paresthesia, and >2 g dL(-1) haemoglobin drop. The duration of symptoms prior to seeking medical attention was 3.8 +/- 4 days. Nineteen of 155 patients (12.3%) with haemophilia A had 28 episodes of iliopsoas bleed; 52.6% of these patients had severe haemophilia. Of these 19 patients with haemophilia A who had iliopsoas haemorrhage, seven (36.8%) had an inhibitor to factor VIII (FVIII), and accounted for one-half of the bleeding episodes. Nine of 66 patients (13.6%) with haemophilia B had 15 episodes of iliopsoas haemorrhage; 22.2% of these patients had severe haemophilia, including one patient with an inhibitor to FIX who had two iliopsoas bleeds. The mean duration of therapy was 18.7 +/- 11.9 days, and the duration of hospitalization was 12.3 +/- 9.1 days. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with inhibitors, when compared with patients without inhibitors (19.1 +/- 5.8 days vs. 7.6 +/- 7.8 days; P<0.0001) with higher factor consumption, although the total duration of therapy was not significantly different. Patients with inhibitors were over-represented in the cohort of haemophiliacs with iliopsoas bleed. Patients with inhibitors who had iliopsoas bleeds remained hospitalized longer, although the duration of therapy was the same as patients with no inhibitors. There was a low frequency of recurrent bleed (2.8%).

Comparison of Adsol and CPDA-1 blood preservatives during simulated massive resuscitation after hemorrhage in swine.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been a change from the use of blood stored in CPDA-1 to the use of red cells (RBCs) stored in electrolyte mixtures, such as Adsol (AS-1 RBCs). However, because Adsol contains mannitol, as well as increased amounts of glucose relative to CPD and CPDA-1, concerns have been expressed as to possible harmful effects (recipient hyperglycemia, inappropriate osmotic diuresis) that it might induce under conditions of massive RBC transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A hemorrhagic shock animal model was used to evaluate the effects of large-volume infusion of CPDA-1 or Adsol on glucose homeostasis and on urinary output under conditions that were devoid of extensive surgical manipulation. Hemorrhage was induced in 10 female Pitman-Moore mini-pigs to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at 55 mmHg for 90 minutes. After the return of autologous RBCs plus 1 L of 0.9-percent sodium chloride, the animals were given solution equivalent to the solute load in either 20 units of CPDA-1 whole blood (63 mL x 20 = 1260 mL) or 20 units of AS-1 RBCs (100 mL x 20 = 2000 mL) over a period of 90 minutes. Animals were monitored to determine physiologic and blood chemical responses to infusion of the solutions and to determine if there was hyperglycemia or inappropriate diuresis in the Adsol-treated group. RESULTS: Animals that received CPDA-1 developed significant hypocalcemia, arterial hypotension, and elevated blood glucose concentrations; two of five animals died of circulatory collapse. In contrast, glucose metabolism in the Adsol recipients was well-regulated, serum ionized calcium concentration was not significantly altered, and all animals survived. No evidence of inappropriate diuresis was observed. CONCLUSION: Administration of large amounts of Adsol was not associated with hyperglycemia or inappropriate osmotic duiresis in hemorrhaged and resuscitated minipigs. These data suggest that fewer physiologic changes may be associated with the massive transfusion of AS-1 RBCs than with that of CPDA-1 whole blood.