Trichloroacetic Acid Injection for Treatment of Eyelid Apocrine Hidrocystomas in a Cat.

Apocrine hidrocystoma (AH) is a benign cystic lesion infrequently reported in the eyelids of cats. There are several reports of application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for treatment of eyelid apocrine hidrocystomas with high success rates in humans. This is the first report of intralesional injection of TCA for the treatment of eyelid AH in a feline. A 12-year-old Persian female spayed cat has been presented for evaluation of cystic masses on the eyelids. The cat had signs of ocular discomfort and two large cysts on the lower eyelid of the right eye. Ophthalmic examination was suggestive of eyelid AH. The cat underwent general anesthesia, and TCA 20 % was injected intracystically. The diagnosis of AH was confirmed by cytology. Two years later, there was no recurrence of the cyst. This case highlights the successful treatment of a large AH in the eyelids of a cat with TCA. Findings suggest that chemical ablation with TCA may be a useful treatment for AH in cats.

Multiple eyelid apocrine hidrocystoma in a domestic short-haired cat.

A 12-year-old domestic short-haired cat was referred for evaluation of periocular masses. The tail had similar masses and was amputated previously by the referring veterinarian. On examination, multiple pigmented nodules, 3-15 mm in diameter, were found in the periocular skin, primarily involving the palpebral eyelid margin. A wedge excisional biopsy revealed small cuboidal cells forming multiple tubular and cystic structures indicative of apocrine cystadenomas, similar to apocrine hidrocystomas described in humans. The nodules were lanced followed by liquid nitrogen cryofreezing.

A retrospective study of eyelid tumors from 43 cats.

Submissions to the University of Tennessee pathology service from June 1999 to June 2008 were searched for feline cases of tumors involving the eyelids or nictitans. Forty-three tumors were identified. The average age at diagnosis was 10.4 years. Significantly more males than females had eyelid tumors. There were 12 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 11 mast cell tumors (MCTs), 6 hemangiosarcomas (HSAs), 4 adenocarcinomas (ACAs), 3 peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs), 3 lymphomas, 3 apocrine hidrocystomas (AHCs), and 2 hemangiomas. Cats with MCTs were significantly younger than cats with all other tumor types combined. In contrast, cats with SCCs were significantly older than cats with other tumor types. The HSAs and SCCs were significantly more likely than other tumors to occur in nonpigmented areas. The MCTs, HSAs, AHCs, and hemangiomas did not recur after surgical excision. In contrast, the lymphomas, ACAs, SCCs, and PNSTs frequently recurred and/or resulted in death or euthanasia of the cat. The SCCs were significantly more likely to recur than the MCTs. The average survival time for cats with SCCs was 7.4 months. Although eyelid MCTs have been reported in cats, the prevalence in this study is much higher than previously described.

Eyelid multiple cysts of the apocrine gland of Moll in Persian cats.

Feline eyelid hidrocystoma is a rarely reported disease of the apocrine glands of Moll that has been variably interpreted as proliferative/neoplastic lesion or retention cyst. The purpose of this paper was to investigate feline hidrocystoma pathogenesis by means of a histological and immunohistochemical study. Nine paraffin embedded biopsies of eyelid hidrocystoma were retrieved from our archives. Histological sections were immunostained with antibodies anti-cytoskeletal proteins and Ki67 antigen. All hidrocystomas were observed in Persian cats, seven males/two females, mean age 9.6 years. Histologically, single or multiple, variably sized cysts expanded eyelid dermis. Cyst was lined by cuboidal epithelium, occasionally raising in papillary structures. Immunostaining was consistent with apocrine gland epithelium (cytokeratin 8/18; 19 and 14 positive). Ki67 immunolabelled nuclei ranged from 5.3 to 20.83%. Although it was not possible to draw a definite conclusion concerning hidrocystoma aetiopathogenesis, the relatively high Ki67-proliferative index observed, suggested a proliferative nature of the lesion.

Use of chemical ablation with trichloroacetic acid to treat eyelid apocrine hidrocystomas in a cat.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 7-year-old Persian cat was evaluated for recurrence of multiple cystic periocular masses. A number of cyst-like lesions had been resected from the left eyelids 18 months earlier, with lesions recurring within 6 months after surgery. The cat had blepharospasm and signs of discomfort following rupture of the largest cyst the day prior to examination. Previous histologic examination of the cysts had revealed apocrine hidrocystomas. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Multiple pigmented nodules were seen around the skin of the upper and lower left eyelids. The nodules were brownish to black, round, soft, and fluid-filled. Signs of pain were not evident during palpation of the nodules. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The largest cyst on the upper eyelid was removed by means of a V-shaped full-thickness excision. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of apocrine hidrocystoma. The remaining periocular cysts were surgically debrided and then treated topically with 20% trichloroacetic acid. All lesions healed rapidly without any signs of discomfort. During a recheck examination 12 months later, the upper and lower left eyelids appeared morphologically normal, and there was no evidence of recurrence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that chemical ablation with trichloroacetic acid may be a useful treatment for apocrine hidrocystomas in cats.

Multiple eyelid apocrine hidrocystomas in two Persian cats.

Abstract Two middle-aged Persian cats were presented for evaluation of periocular masses. On examination, multiple pigmented nodules, 2-10 mm in diameter, were found in the periocular skin. Excisional biopsy revealed unilocular cystic lesions derived from apocrine sweat glands and resembling apocrine hidrocystomas of the eyelids described in humans. Immunostaining for Ki67 identified actively proliferating epithelial cells and demonstrated, for the first time, that these cystic lesions are adenomatous proliferative tumors (cystadenomas) rather than retention cysts. In both cases, additional lesions appeared within 6 to 9 months at affected and previously unaffected sites on the eyelids.

Multiple eyelid cysts resembling apocrine hidrocystomas in three Persian cats and one Himalayan cat.

Multiple eyelid cysts were evaluated and treated in four cats. Surgical removal of the cysts was performed in two cats. Histopathologic examination revealed multilocular cystic structures of various size. The cysts were lined by cuboidal to columnar cells with papillary or cystic projections into the cyst lumen. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant granules were seen within the apical cytoplasm of many of the cells. The eyelid masses in these cats resembled apocrine hidrocystomas in human beings, both clinically and on histopathologic examination.