Hypertension management in chronic kidney disease: A guide for NPs.

ABSTRACT: This article offers a guide for NPs for managing hypertension (HTN) in adults in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It outlines evidence-based strategies, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic interventions, and patient education measures, that can be used in patients with CKD to optimize BP control. Special considerations, such as comorbid mental health conditions and individualized treatment plans, are also addressed. NPs play a pivotal role in improving outcomes by fostering patient engagement and adherence. By embracing this holistic approach, NPs are poised to enhance the quality of care and well-being of patients with CKD and HTN.

Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Nurse Case Management in Black and Hispanic Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Black and Hispanic patients have high rates of recurrent stroke and uncontrolled hypertension in the US. The effectiveness of home blood pressure telemonitoring (HBPTM) and telephonic nurse case management (NCM) among low-income Black and Hispanic patients with stroke is unknown. Objective: To determine whether NCM plus HBPTM results in greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction at 12 months and lower rate of stroke recurrence at 24 months than HBPTM alone among Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with uncontrolled hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants: Practice-based, multicenter, randomized clinical trial in 8 stroke centers and ambulatory practices in New York City. Black and Hispanic study participants were enrolled between April 18, 2014, and December 19, 2017, with a final follow-up visit on December 31, 2019. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to receive either HBPTM alone (12 home BP measurements/week for 12 months, with results transmitted to a clinician; n = 226) or NCM plus HBPTM (20 counseling calls over 12 months; n = 224). Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcomes were change in SBP at 12 months and rate of recurrent stroke at 24 months. Final statistical analyses were completed March 14, 2024. Results: Among 450 participants who were enrolled and randomized (mean [SD] age, 61.7 [11.0] years; 51% were Black [n = 231]; 44% were women [n = 200]; 31% had ≥3 comorbid conditions [n = 137]; 72% had household income <$25 000/y [n = 234/324]), 358 (80%) completed the trial. Those in the NCM plus HBPTM group had a significantly greater SBP reduction than those in the HBPTM alone group at 12 months (-15.1 mm Hg [95% CI, -17.2 to -13.0] vs -5.8 mm Hg [95% CI, -7.9 to -3.7], respectively; P < .001). The between-group difference in SBP reduction at 12 months, adjusted for primary care physician clustering, was -8.1 mm Hg (95% CI, -11.2 to -5.0; P < .001) at 12 months. The rate of recurrent stroke was similar between both groups at 24 months (4.0% in the NCM plus HBPTM group vs 4.0% in the HBPTM alone group, P > .99). Conclusions and Relevance: Among predominantly low-income Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with uncontrolled hypertension, addition of NCM to HBPTM led to greater SBP reduction than HBPTM alone. Additional studies are needed to understand the long-term clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and generalizability of NCM-enhanced telehealth programs among low-income Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with significant comorbidity. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02011685.

The short and long-term efficacy of nurse-led interventions for improving blood pressure control in people with hypertension in primary care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous systematic reviews suggest that nurse-led interventions improve short-term blood pressure (BP) control for people with hypertension. However, the long-term effects, adverse events, and appropriate target BP level are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of nurse-led interventions. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and CINAHL, as well as three Japanese article databases, as relevant randomized controlled trials from the oldest possible to March 2021. This search was conducted on 17 April 2021. We did an update search on 17 October 2023. We included studies on adults aged 18 years or older with hypertension. The treatments of interest were community-based nurse-led BP control interventions in addition to primary physician-provided care as usual. The comparator was usual care only. Primary outcomes were long-term achievement of BP control goals and serious adverse events (range: 27 weeks to 3 years). Secondary outcomes were short-term achievement of BP control goals and serious adverse events (range: 4 to 26 weeks), change of systolic and diastolic BP from baseline, medication adherence, incidence of hypertensive complications, and total mortality. RESULTS: We included 35 studies. Nurse-led interventions improved long-term BP control (RR 1.10, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.18). However, no significant differences were found in the short-term effects of nurse-led intervention compared to usual care about BP targets. Little information on serious adverse events was available. There was no difference in mortality at both terms between the two groups. Establishing the appropriate target BP from the extant trials was impossible. CONCLUSIONS: Nurse-led interventions may be more effective than usual care for achieving BP control at long-term follow-up. It is important to continue lifestyle modification for people with hypertension. We must pay attention to adverse events, and more studies examining appropriate BP targets are needed. Nurse-led care represents an important complement to primary physician-led usual care.

Educação em saúde como estratégia prestada por enfermeiros a pacientes com hipertensão na perspectiva dos cuidados primários / Health education as a strategy provided by nurses to patients with hypertension from the perspective of primary care / La educación sanitaria como estrategia proporcionada por enfermería a pacientes con hipertensión desde la perspectiva de la atención primaria

Objetivo: Descrever a importância do processo de educação em saúde reali- zado pelo enfermeiro aos pacientes hipertensos na atenção básica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, onde foram utilizados artigos científicos identificados nas bases de dados: SciELO, LILACS e MEDLINE. Um total de 4.427 estudos foram encon- trados, após o refinamento oito foram selecionados para compor a amostra. Resultados: A estratégia educativa em saúde tem grande efetivação no tratamento da HAS, visto que o enfermeiro vai conhecer o paciente e direcioná-lo ao tratamento adequado, monitorando seu estado de saúde e evitando possíveis agravos. Contudo, o abandono do tratamento pelo cliente é uma das maiores dificuldades enfrentadas pelo o enfermeiro. Além disso, desafios no contexto do processo de trabalho em equipe e barreiras relacionadas à estru- tura física nas unidades de saúde. Considerações finais: O enfermeiro exerce um papel importante dentro do contexto da hipertensão arterial. Trazendo a prática baseada em evi- dências como abordagem, garantindo adesão ao tratamento e o controle dos níveis pres- sóricos da HAS.

Objective: To describe the importance of the health education process carried out by nurses with hypertensive patients in primary care. Methodology: This is a bibliographic review, where scientific articles identified in the databases: SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE were used. A total of 4,427 studies were found, after refinement, eight were selected to compose the sample. Results: The health education strategy is highly effective in the treatment of SAH, as the nurse will get to know the patient and direct him to the appropriate treatment, monitoring his health status and avoiding possible injuries. However, abandonment of treatment by the client is one of the greatest difficulties faced by the nurse. In addition, challenges in the context of the teamwork process and barriers related to the physical structure in health units. Final considerations: Nurses play an important role within the context of arterial hypertension. Bringing evidence-based practice as an approach, ensuring adherence to treatment and control of blood pressure levels in SAH.

Objetivo: Describir la importancia del proceso de educación para la salud llevado a cabo por enfermeras con pacientes hipertensos en atención primaria. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica, donde los artículos científicos identificados en las bases de datos: SciELO, LILACS y MEDLINE. Fueron encontrados 4.427 estudios, después del refinamiento, ocho fueron seleccionados para componer la muestra. Resultados: La estrategia de educación sanitaria es altamente eficaz en el tratamiento de la HSA, ya que la enfermera conocerá al paciente y lo dirigirá al tratamiento adecuado, monitorizando su estado de salud y evitando posibles lesiones. Sin embargo, el abandono del tratamiento por parte del cliente es una de las mayores dificultades a las que se enfrenta la enfermera. Además, los desafíos en el contexto del proceso de trabajo en equipo y las barreras relacionadas con la estructura física en las unidades de salud. Consideraciones finales: Las enfermeras desempeñan un papel importante en el contexto de la hipertensión arterial. Traer la práctica basada en la evidencia como abordaje, garantizando la adherencia al tratamiento y el control de los niveles de presión arterial en la HTA.

Monitorização residencial da pressão arterial em adultos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica em tratamento medicamentoso, independentemente da pressão arterial do consultório / Residential monitoring of blood pressure in adults with systemic arterial hypertension in medication treatment, regardless of the blood pressure in the office

INTRODUÇÃO: A HAS é uma condição clínica multifatorial caracterizada por níveis elevados e sustentados de PA. Além de ser causa direta de cardiopatia e nefropatia hipertensivas, a HAS é fator de risco linear e contínuo para doenças decorrentes de aterosclerose e trombose, que se manifestam, predominantemente, por doença isquêmica cardíaca, cerebrovascular, vascular periférica e renal, assim como de morte prematura. No Brasil, a prevalência média é estimada em 32%, e pode chegar a mais de 50% em indivíduos com 60 a 69 anos e 75% em indivíduos com mais de 70 anos. Embora as diretrizes atuais recomendem o uso de monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) ou MRPA para monitoramento da resposta ao tratamento; este monitoramento é realizado no SUS apenas pela MAPA e medida da PA de consultório, ainda que o primeiro não esteja acessível para toda a população com indicação e o segundo não seja considerado suficientemente confiável para esse monitoram

Capacitar a pessoa hipertensa e família para a gestão da doença: a intervenção de enfermagem comunitária / Training hypertensive people and their families to manage the disease: community nursing intervention

As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de mortalidade prematura em Portugal (SPH, 2023). A Hipertensão arterial, para além de uma doença crónica com elevada prevalência nacional, é também o fator de risco mais prevalente para as doenças cardiovasculares (DGS, 2017), assumindo-se como um grave problema de saúde pública. É essencial promover a autonomia na gestão da doença, visando o controlo e evicção de complicações, tornando-se fundamental a intervenção do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem comunitária para a promoção de saúde. O projeto de intervenção comunitária desenvolvido teve como objetivo a capacitação para a gestão da doença da pessoa hipertensa na faixa etária compreendida entre os 45 e os 65 anos e família, inscritos na Unidade de Saúde Familiar Poente. Sustentado pela metodologia de Planeamento em Saúde e assente no Modelo de Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem (Orem, 2001), obteve o parecer favorável da comissão de ética da ARSLVT (056/CES/INV2022). A amostra foi constituída através da técnica de amostragem intencional. O Diagnóstico de Situação revelou déficit de conhecimentos sobre a doença e sua gestão, bem como déficit de autocuidado, comprometendo a qualidade de vida dos participantes. Com a priorização dos problemas, foi selecionada a educação para a saúde enquanto estratégia. Após a sua concretização, 70% dos participantes avalia e regista os valores de TA diariamente; 100% identifica corretamente os comportamentos de risco; 63% pratica atividade física regular; 87% refere ter reduzido a ingestão diária de sal; e 100% dos familiares identificou duas áreas em que o seu familiar necessita de maior suporte, sendo as mais frequentes o estímulo para a atividade física e restrição/substituição do sal na alimentação. Apesar do curto intervalo temporal, após a intervenção comunitária reforça-se o importante contributo para a capacitação com aumento de conhecimentos e alterações comportamentais associadas a estilos de vida saudáveis.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature mortality in Portugal (SPH, 2023). In addition to being a chronic disease with high national prevalence, hypertension is also the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (DGS, 2017), being a major public health problem. It is essential to promote autonomy in disease management, aiming at controlling and avoiding complications, making the specialist nurse's intervention of the nurse specialist in community nursing essential for health promotion. This community intervention aimed to contribute to the empowerment in disease management of hypertensive people aged 45-65 years and family, enrolled in the Family Health Unit Poente. Supported by the Health Planning methodology and based on Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model (Orem, 2001), obtained the approval of the ARSLVT's Ethics Committee (056/CES/INV2022). The sample was composed through the purposive sampling technique. The situation diagnosis revealed a deficit of knowledge about the disease and its management, as well as a deficit of self-care, which compromised the participant's quality of life. With the problems prioritization, health education was selected as a strategy. After its implementation, 70% of participants assessed and recorded daily BP values; 100% correctly identified risk behaviours; 63% practiced regular physical activity; 87% reported having reduced the daily intake of salt; and 100% of family members identified two areas in which their relative needed more support, the most frequent being the encouragement of physical activity and the restriction/replacement of salt in food. Despite the short timeframe, after the community intervention, the important contribution to empowerment with increased knowledge and behavioural changes associated with healthy lifestyles was reinforced.

Perfil dos pacientes com crise hipertensiva atendidos em uma unidade de pronto atendimento / Perfil de los pacientes con crisis hipertensiva atendidos en una unidad de pronta atención / Profile of patients with hypertensive crisis seen in an emergency care unit

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil dos pacientes com crise hipertensiva atendidos em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, realizado por meio da análise de 80 prontuários de pacientes com quadro de crise hipertensiva, atendidos em uma unidade de pronto atendimento, entre o período de março de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Os dados foram coletados por meio de roteiro estruturado e receberam tratamento estatístico descritivo. Resultados: Após a análise dos 80 prontuários, constatou-se que a média de idade entre os pacientes atendidos foi de 58,03, sendo a faixa etária adulta a mais prevalente (53,8%). Constatou-se que a média da pressão arterial sistólica foi significativamente maior em homens em relação às mulheres (p=0,013). Quanto à sintomatologia, a cefaleia foi a mais prevalente, com 35,0%. Verificou-se que durante o atendimento da crise hipertensiva, a maioria dos pacientes fez uso de apenas uma droga para redução da PA, sendo o inibidor adrenérgico de ação central o mais citado. Quanto ao desfecho, grande parte dos pacientes recebeu alta (93,8%) logo após o atendimento, porém, 6,3% permaneceram em internamento de curta permanência até a estabilização do quadro. Considerações finais: Este estudo possibilitou a caracterização da população com crise hipertensiva atendida em um pronto atendimento, a qual evidencia uma possível fragilidade existente entre a articulação dos níveis de atenção à saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el perfil de los pacientes con crisis hipertensiva atendidos en una Unidad de Pronta Atención. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo, realizado por medio del análisis de 80 registros médicos de pacientes con cuadro de crisis hipertensiva, atendidos en una unidad de pronta atención, entre el período de marzo de 2018 a febrero de 2019. Los datos fueron recogidos por medio de guion estructurado y recibieron tratamiento estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: después del análisis de los 80 registros médicos, se constató que el promedio de edad entre los pacientes atendidos fue de 58,03, siendo la franja etaria adulta la más prevalente (53,8%). Se constató que el promedio de la presión arterial sistólica fue significativamente mayor en hombres que en las mujeres (p=0,013). En cuanto a la sintomatología, la cefalea fue la más prevalente, con 35,0%. Se verificó que, durante la atención de la crisis hipertensiva, la mayoría de los pacientes hizo uso de solo una droga para reducción de la PA, siendo el inhibidor adrenérgico de acción central el más relatado. Respecto al resultado, gran parte de los pacientes recibió el alta (93,8%) inmediatamente después de la atención, sin embargo, el 6,3% permaneció en internamiento de corta estancia hasta la estabilización del cuadro. Consideraciones finales: este estudio posibilitó la caracterización de la población con crisis hipertensiva atendida en una pronta atención, la cual evidencia una posible fragilidad existente entre la articulación de los niveles de atención a la salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the profile of patients with hypertensive crisis treated at an Emergency Care Unit. Method: descriptive cross-sectional study carried out through the analysis of 80 medical records of patients with hypertensive crisis, treated at an emergency care unit, between March 2018 and February 2019. Data were collected using a structured script and were subjected to descriptive statistical treatment. Results: after analyzing the 80 medical records, it was found that the mean age of the treated patients was 58.03, with the adult age group being the most prevalent (53.8%). It was found that the mean systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in men than in women (p=0.013). As for symptoms, headache was the most prevalent, with 35.0%. It was found that during the treatment of the hypertensive crisis, most patients used only one drug to reduce BP, with centrally acting antiadrenergic drugs being the most cited. Regarding the outcome, most of the patients were discharged (93.8%) soon after treatment; however, 6.3% remained in short-term hospitalization until their condition stabilized. Final considerations: this study made it possible to characterize the population with hypertensive crisis treated in an emergency room, showing a possible fragility in the articulation between health care levell

Effect of Hierarchical Nursing Management in Patients with Hypertension Complicated with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Risk Factors.

Hierarchical management is an essential component of nurse post management and an unavoidable tendency in nursing education. According to their existing condition, various hospitals around the country have actively tested the hierarchical usage and management model of clinical nurses, with some success. The application impact of hierarchical nursing care in patients with hypertension complicated by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors is the focus of this research. In a hospital, 300 patients with hypertension complicated by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors were chosen. All patients were split into two groups using the coin-throwing random method: the observation group received hierarchical nurse management and the control group received regular nursing management, with 150 cases in each group. The two groups' blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, poor habits, rehospitalization rate, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular problems were also examined. At the same time, the patients' poor mood and quality of life were assessed before and after the intervention. In the control group followed up for 1 year, the blood pressure compliance rate was 44.88%, the blood lipid compliance rate was 28.65%, the blood glucose compliance rate was 45.00%, the smokers with bad lifestyle habits were 26.57%, the overweight and obese were 23.5%, the high sodium was 31.67%, the rehospitalization rate was 15.48%, and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications was 43.00%. The observation group's blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood sugar compliance rates rose substantially (P = 0.05) as compared to the control group. The occurrence of poor luck living habits, the rate of rehospitalization, and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Before nursing intervention, there was no significant difference in the bad mood scores SAS, SDS, and quality of life between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05); after nursing intervention, compared with the control group, the observation group's bad mood scores were significantly reduced, physical factors, psychological factors, and total scores all increased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Phone-Based Intervention under Nurse Guidance after Stroke (PINGS II) Study: Protocol for a Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: The Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region now has the highest estimated effect size of hypertension for stroke causation worldwide. An urgent priority for countries in SSA is to develop and test self-management interventions to control hypertension among those at highest risk of adverse outcomes. Thus the overall objective of the Phone-based Intervention under Nurse Guidance after Stroke II study (PINGS-2) is to deploy a hybrid study design to assess the efficacy of a theoretical-model-based, mHealth technology-centered, nurse-led, multi-level integrated approach to improve longer term blood pressure (BP) control among stroke survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A phase III randomized controlled trial involving 500 recent stroke survivors to be enrolled across 10 Ghanaian hospitals. Using a computer-generated sequence, patients will be randomly assigned 1:1 into the intervention or usual care arms. The intervention comprises of (i) home BP monitoring at least once weekly with nurse navigation for high domiciliary BP readings; (2) medication reminders using mobile phone alerts and (3) education on hypertension and stroke delivered once weekly via audio messages in preferred local dialects. The intervention will last for 12 months. The control group will receive usual care as determined by local guidelines. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with systolic BP <140 mm Hg at 12 months. Secondary outcomes will include medication adherence, self-management of hypertension, major adverse cardiovascular events, health related quality of life and implementation outcomes. CONCLUSION: An effective PINGS intervention can potentially be scaled up and disseminated across healthcare systems in low-and-middle income countries challenged with resource constraints to reduce poor outcomes among stroke survivors.

A Randomized Trial of Home Blood-Pressure Reduction by Alcohol Guidance During Outpatient Visits: OSAKE Study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness of the nurse-led alcohol guidance to control home blood pressure (HBP) in the morning among male patients with hypertension during outpatient visits. METHODS: We enrolled 53 male patients with an HBP of ≥135/85 mm Hg with excessive drinking (alcohol ≥210 g/week or ≥60 g/day habitually) among outpatients in a randomized trial. Patients were assigned to a nurse-led alcohol guidance intervention or to the control. The primary outcomes were the mean HBP of 5 consecutive days at 6 months and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Twenty-eight and 25 patients were randomized to intervention and control groups, respectively (mean age; 62.7 years old and 64.5, respectively). At baseline, the groups were well balanced across most characteristics. At 6 months, the mean HBP was 131/82 mm Hg in the intervention group vs. 145/87 mm Hg in the control group (SBP <0.001, DBP = 0.09). An HBP level of less than 135/85 mm Hg was achieved among 55.6% of the participants in the intervention group vs. 16.7% in the control group (P = 0.004). The alcohol consumption at 6 months was 256 ± 206 g/w vs. 413 ± 260 g/w, respectively (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the effectiveness of the nurse-led alcohol guidance to control the HBP in male patients with hypertension during outpatient visits. PUBLIC TRIALS REGISTRY NUMBER: UMIN000017454 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry).

Nursing case management for people with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of management of nursing case on blood pressure control in hypertension patients. METHOD: This is a randomized controlled study which will be carried out from May 2021 to May 2022. The experiment was granted through the Research Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital of Chengyang District (03982808). Our research includes 200 patients. Patients who meet the following conditions will be included in this experiment: the patients aged 18 to 60 years; the patients had the diagnosis of hypertension; and the urban residents. While patients with the following conditions will be excluded: having renal failure, liver failure, heart and respiratory failure; and known pregnancy. Primary result is blood pressure, while secondary results are treatment compliance, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), type and number of antihypertensive agents used, and the existence of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. RESULTS: Table 1 shows the clinical outcomes between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Nursing case management is effective to improve the prognosis of hypertension patients.

Effect of Nurse-Based Management of Hypertension in Rural Western Kenya.

Background: Elevated blood pressure is the leading cause of death worldwide; however, treatment and control rates remain very low. An expanding literature supports the strategy of task redistribution of hypertension care to nurses. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of a nurse-based hypertension management program in Kenya. Methods: We conducted a retrospective data analysis of patients with hypertension who initiated nurse-based hypertension management care between January 1, 2011, and October 31, 2013. The primary outcome measure was change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) over one year, analyzed using piecewise linear mixed-effect models with a cut point at 3 months. The primary comparison of interest was care provided by nurses versus clinical officers. Secondary outcomes were change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over one year, and blood pressure control analyzed using a zero-inflated Poisson model. Results: The cohort consisted of 1051 adult patients (mean age 61 years; 65% women). SBP decreased significantly from baseline to three months (nurse-managed patients: slope -4.95 mmHg/month; clinical officer-managed patients: slope -5.28), with no significant difference between groups. DBP also significantly decreased from baseline to three months with no difference between provider groups. Retention in care at 12 months was 42%. Conclusions: Nurse-managed hypertension care can significantly improve blood pressure. However, retention in care remains a challenge. If these results are reproduced in prospective trial settings with improvements in retention in care, this could be an effective strategy for hypertension care worldwide.

Low-Sodium Dietary Perceptions and Experiences of African-American Women with Hypertension.

African-Americans are disproportionately affected by hypertension with lower rates of blood pressure control in comparison to the general population (Brennan et al., 2010). Low-sodium dietary intake is one of the most important lifestyle changes that can help control hypertension (Zhang et al., 2013). This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of low-sodium dietary practices among African-American women with hypertension. The study used a single-category focus group design. The findings suggest that African-American women are attempting to follow a low-sodium diet; however, they are influenced by personal and environmental factors and lack a clear understanding of what a low-sodium diet entails. Therefore, nurses must understand the factors that influence African-American women's ability to follow a low-sodium diet so that effective interventions can be implemented to improve adherence in this population.

The evaluation of a nurse-led hypertension management model in an urban community healthcare: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a silent disease of the masses with an increasing prevalence and poor control rates. This study aims to establish and test the efficacy of a nurse-led hypertension management model in the community. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was performed. 156 hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure were equally and randomly allocated into 2 groups. Patients in the study group received a 12-week period of hypertension management. Blood pressure, self-care behaviors, self-efficacy, and satisfaction were assessed at the start of recruitment, 12 and 16 weeks thereafter. RESULTS: After the intervention, blood pressure of patients in the study group had greater improvement in self-care behaviors and a higher level of satisfaction with the hypertensive care compared to the control group (both P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The nurse-led hypertension management model is feasible and effective for patients with uncontrolled blood pressure in the community.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los pacientes crónicos complejos / Health-related quality of life in complex chronic patients

OBJETIVO: determinar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los pacientes crónicos complejos (PCC) mayores de 60 años en dos Zonas Básicas de Salud del Área Este de Valladolid, el perfil de las patologías crónicas que padecían y los factores influyentes en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo transversal entre enero y marzo de 2017. Se incluyó a los PCC con 60 años o más y sin deterioro cognitivo de dos zonas básicas de salud de Valladolid seleccionados mediante muestreo de conveniencia. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y la variable CVRS (Cuestionario SF-36) mediante cuestionario y revisión de historias clínicas. Se realizaron índices de estadística descriptiva globales y desagregados por sexo y regresión lineal múltiple para la CVRS. RESULTADOS: participaron 73 personas (63% mujeres, edad media 77,4 años). El 71,2% padecía patologías cardiovasculares y osteomusculares. La CVRS global fue de 36,6 puntos, superior en el índice sumatorio mental (40,9) que en el físico (36,6) y menor en las mujeres en todos ellos (p< 0,05). El 24,5% de la variabilidad en CVRS fue explicada por el sexo (coeficiente en hombres 4,94), la presencia de patología mental (coeficiente -5,01) y patología osteomuscular (coeficiente -4,098). CONCLUSIÓN: las enfermedades cardiovasculares, las osteomusculares y la hipertensión arterial fueron los diagnósticos crónicos más prevalentes. Los pacientes crónicos complejos percibían mala CVRS. La CVRS global, física y mental fue inferior en las mujeres que los hombres. La variabilidad en CVRS fue explicada en un 24,5% por el sexo, la patología mental y osteomuscular. No se encontró asociación con la edad ni con otras patologías crónicas

OBJECTIVE: to determine the health-related quality of life in > 60-year-old complex chronic patients (CCPs) in two Basic Health Areas in Valladolid East, the profile of their chronic conditions, and the factors with impact on their HRQoL. METHOD: a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between January and March, 2017. The study included ≥ 60-year-old CPPs without cognitive impairment from two Basic Health Areas in Valladolid, selected through convenience sampling. Sociodemographical and clinical variables were collected, as well as the HRQoL variable (SF-36 Questionnaire), through questionnaire and clinical record review. Overall descriptive indexes were applied, disaggregated by gender, and multiple linear regression for HRQoL. RESULTS: the study included 73 persons (63% women, mean age 77.4-year-old); 71.2% of them suffered cardiovascular and musculoskeletal conditions. The overall HRQoL score was 36.6, superior in the mental (40-9%) than in the physical summation index (36.6), and lower in women in all of them (p < 0.05). The 24.5% variability in HRQoL was explained by gender (4.94 ratio in men), the presence of mental conditions (-5.01 ratio) and musculoskeletal condition (-4.098 ratio). CONCLUSION: the most prevalent chronic diagnoses were cardiovascular and musculoskeletal conditions and hypertension. Complex chronic patients perceived a bad HRQoL. The variability in HRQoL was explained in 24.5% by gender, mental and musculoskeletal conditions. No association with age or other chronic conditions was found

Primary Care Clinic Nurse Activities with a Telehealth Monitoring System.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in the types of nursing activities and communication processes reported in a primary care clinic between patients who used a home-based monitoring system to electronically communicate self-monitored blood glucose and blood pressure values and those who assumed usual care. Data were extracted from electronic medical records from individuals who participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing in-home monitoring and usual care in patients with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension being treated in a primary care clinic. Data about nursing activities initiated by primary care clinic nurses were compared between groups using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests. Significant differences between groups were identified for the direct care nursing activities of providing lifestyle and health education, medication adjustments, and patient follow-up. This study provides evidence of greater nursing activity reported in a primary care clinic in patients who utilized a home-based monitoring system.

Assessment of Hypertension Self-Care Behaviors and Self-Efficacy Among Men in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypertension is rapidly increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), particularly among men. Assessment of hypertension self-care behaviors is a critical step to promoting blood pressure control. This study aimed to evaluate the Hypertension Self-Care Profile (HBP-SCP) among Saudi men in KSA. METHODS: The HBP-SCP self-efficacy and behavior scales were translated into Arabic and tested on a convenience sample of 160 Saudi men with hypertension. Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis were conducted using SPSS. RESULTS: Internal consistency of the Arabic HBP self-care and self-efficacy scales was 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. Factor loading ranged from 0.25 to 0.70 for HBP self-care behaviors and from 0.28 to 0.77 for HBP self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The Arabic HBP-SCP is acceptable in its reliability and validity for measuring HBP self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among Saudi men with hypertension.