The Impact of Preconceptional Hysterosalpingography with Oil-based Contrast on Maternal and Neonatal Iodine Status.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of preconceptional exposure to oil-based iodinated contrast in the hysterosalpingography (HSG) on pregnant women and their offspring's iodine status, thyroid function, and the outcomes of pregnancy. A cross-sectional evaluation of iodine status was performed on pregnant women with the preconceptional experience of ethiodized-oil HSG. For those found to have iodine excess (with serum iodine concentration (SIC) > 92 µg/L), a prospective follow-up was conducted until termination of the pregnancy or 1 week postpartum. Among 70 of 425 pregnant women with preconceptional ethiodized-oil HSG, iodine excess was initially confirmed in 38 (54.3%), with an elevated SIC (294.00 µg/L [142.00, 123.20]) and urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) (830.00 µg/g Cr [437.50, 255.30]), both higher than the normative data (P = 0.000, P = 0.000). Subsequent follow-up in pregnancy showed a downward trend in both SIC and UI/Cr. Thirty-four women delivered healthy neonates at full term, though the other 4 cases of premature birth, abnormal fetal karyotype, spontaneous abortion, and neonatal cardiac defect were reported. After delivery, the iodine concentration in maternal breast milk and neonatal urine was 584.50 µg/L [328.50, 1507.50] and 424.00 µg/L [277.00, 657.50], respectively, both higher than normative data (P = 0.001, P = 0.015). For thyroid evaluation, 25 cases (65.79%) of clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and 2 cases (5.26%) of thyrotoxicosis were confirmed in women with iodine excess. Neither goiter nor thyroid dysfunction was detected in any offspring. Preconceptional exposure to oil-based contrast in HSG might exert a far-reaching impact on maternal and offspring iodine status, and tend to result in increased risk of maternal thyroid dysfunction.

Should a hysterosalpingogram be a first-line investigation to diagnose female tubal subfertility in the modern subfertility workup?

Tubal assessment is an integral part of female fertility evaluation. While diagnostic laparoscopy is gold standard, it is not suitable to be used as a screening test. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) has been advocated as first-line investigation historically. With advances in diagnostics, more tests are available, such as hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy) and Chlamydia antibody titre (CAT) are available. The CAT test is much cheaper, less invasive and can be performed at any time during the cycle. The CAT test can also be used as a means of identifying which patients need further evaluation. HyCoSy has same diagnostic accuracy as HSG, without exposing women to radiation. We argue that HSG is out of date and has no place in a modern infertility evaluation. We also suggest a pathway (based on history, clinical and ultrasound evaluation) for investigations to screen for and diagnose tubal pathology.

Cerclaje para tratar la insuficiencia cervical. Nuestra experiencia a lo largo de la última década / Cerclage in the treatment of cervical insufficiency. Our experience in the last decade

Se revisan los cerclajes cervicales realizados en la última década en nuestro centro. Los cerclajes realizados electivamente han tenido un pronóstico muy bueno. Ciertos criterios clínicos, analíticos y ecográficos nos han permitido determinar retrospectivamente un subgrupo de pacientes en el que el pronóstico de los cerclajes es peor; sin embargo, incluso en estos casos de peor pronóstico el porcentaje de cerclajes con éxito alcanza el 30%. En lo que respecta a los cerclajes emergentes, su manejo debe individualizarse; aquellas pacientes con menor dilatación, menor borramiento cervical y menos signos inflamatorios serán probablemente las que más se beneficiarán de estos cerclajes (AU)

We review the cervical cerclages performed at our institution in the last decade. The outcome of elective cerclages was highly satisfactory. Several clinical, analytical and ultrasound criteria were useful to retrospectively determine a subgroup of patients with an especially poor prognosis after cerclage. However, even in this subgroup, cerclage was successful in 30%. The management of emergency cerclage should be individualized; patients with less cervical dilation, less effacement and fewer inflammatory signs are those most likely to benefit from emergency cerclage (AU)

Hysterosalpingography: a reemerging study.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) has become a commonly performed examination due to recent advances and improvements in, as well as the increasing popularity of, reproductive medicine. HSG plays an important role in the evaluation of abnormalities related to the uterus and fallopian tubes. Uterine abnormalities that can be detected at HSG include congenital anomalies, polyps, leiomyomas, surgical changes, synechiae, and adenomyosis. Tubal abnormalities that can be detected include tubal occlusion, salpingitis isthmica nodosum, polyps, hydrosalpinx, and peritubal adhesions. Some complications can occur with HSG-most notably, bleeding and infection-and awareness of the possible complications of HSG is essential. Nevertheless, HSG remains a valuable tool in the evaluation of the uterus and fallopian tubes. Radiologists should become familiar with HSG technique and the interpretation of HSG images.

Sonohisterografía. Un recurso diagnóstico en pacientes con hemorragia uterina anormal

INTRODUCCION:Instilar líquido en la cavidad endometrial, al momento de realizar la ecografía transvaginal para determinar como mejora la observación de su estructura, fue el objetivo del presente estudio. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes entre 36 y 53 años de edad, con hemorragia uterina anormal, sin respuesta a los tratamientos hormonales convencionales, anormalidades en la ecografía transvaginal como pérdida de la interfase endometriomiometrio o distorción del contorno endometrial. RESULTADOS: El procedimiento mejoró la precisión diagnóstica, se observó con claridad 14 pólipos endometriales, 9 miomas submucosas, 19 miomas que hacian contacto con la cavidad endometrial sin deformarla, 23 miomas intramurales que distorcionaban la línea endometrial, 8 pacientes con engrosamiento irregular del endometrio, 22 pacientes con engrosamiento miometrial por focos de adenomiosis o miomatosis difusa, en 5 pacientes no se lograron imágenes satisfactorias por alteración de la elasticidad miometrial. CONCLUSIONES: La sonohisterografía mejora la visualización del útero y del endometrio, el líquido actúa como una ventana acústica que permite observar con mayor claridad las anormalidades presentes. Este procedimiento es seguro, fácil de realizar, no doloso y especialmente útil para el diagnóstico de miomas submucosas y pólipos endometriales

Salpingosonografía transvaginal para la evaluación de las trompas en infertilidad femenina: metodología y experincia clínica

El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue estudiar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la salpingosonografía (SSG) en su capcidad diagnóstica de la permeabilidad tubárica y de detectar la patológia asociada. En comparación a la histerosalpingografía (HSG). Estudiamos 40 pacientes a quienes se les practicaron ambos métodos. Para la comparación se tomó como prueba de oro la HSG. La SSG mostró una sensibilidad del 73.1 por ciento I.C 95 por ciento (51.9-87.6 por ciento) y una especificidad del 92.6 por ciento I.C 95 por ciento (81.3-97.6 por ciento), en la patología tubárica bilateral. Con un valor predictivo positivo de un 82.6 por ciento I.C 95 por ciento (60.5-94.3 por ciento) y predictivo negativo de un 87.7 por ciento I.C 95 por ciento 75.7-94.5 por ciento. La correlación diagnóstica entre ambos métodos fue de 86.2 por ciento (69 diagnósticos de 80 posibles). Con el análisis general de los resultados se puede apreciar que la SSG sirve más como tamizaje en la evaluación de la permeabilidad tubárica, por su alta especificidad, bajo costo, ausencia de radiación y de reacción alergica al contraste. Debido a su baja sensibilidad en detectar obstrucción tubárica, es necesario continuar realizando la HSG cuando no existan signos positivos de permeabilidad. En la patología asociada endometrial, anexial y miometral la SSG detectó algunas patologías no demostradas por la HSG

Hysterosalpingography in the 1990s.

All physicians involved in the evaluation and treatment of infertility rely heavily on the information provided by hysterosalpingography. For many years this study has provided images of the lumina of the fallopian tubes that are not available by other diagnostic means, and it also gives the most accurate outline of the uterine cavity. Hysterosalpingography will therefore continue to be a valuable study in the upcoming decade, and it is important now to take account of the many advances in technology that impinge on the execution and interpretation of this study. In this article we first update the continuing debate about elements of the study itself, involving techniques and the choice of contrast material. We also consider surgical advances, such as the widespread use of microsurgical reconstruction of the fallopian tube, that increase the demand for hysterosalpingography. Since radiologists are asked to evaluate the results of surgery, it is essential for them to be familiar with the postoperative appearances of the fallopian tube. Finally, we consider what must be by far the most important development of the 1990s, the continuing integration of hysterosalpingography with new interventional and imaging techniques. Fallopian tube catheterization expands the examination of the fallopian tube and offers new therapeutic applications. Transvaginal sonography and MR imaging have allowed noninvasive exploration of the female pelvis. Correlation of hysterosalpingography and MR imaging is particularly useful in the diagnosis of uterine myomas and congenital uterine duplication anomalies when surgery to preserve or enhance the reproductive capacity of the uterus is indicated. Sonography and MR imaging should be correlated with hysterosalpingography to provide a more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the common mechanical causes of infertility.

Histerossalpingografia: análise de 473 exames alterados / Hysterosalpingography: analysis of 473 abnormal examinations

Foram revisados 1.200 prontuarios de pacientes atendidos no setor de esterilidade conjugal da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Unicamp com queixa de esterilidade, no período de julho de 1974 a dezembro de 1981, de onde foram analisados os laudos de 473 histerossalpingografias (HSG) com resultados anormais, para avaliar incidencia e alteraçöes mais frequentes. As principais alteraçöes encontradas foram: fatores tuboperitoneais em 91% dos exames, alteraçöes de cavidade uterina em 17,4% e cervicais em 6,3% dos exames. Os exames mostraram a grande incidencia de alteraçöes tuboperitoneais como causa de esterilidade conjugal em um serviço universitario que atende a uma populaçäo predominantemente de baixa renda.