Las muertes violentas: aspectos epidemiológicos / Violent deaths: epidemiologic aspects

El autor hace un análisis de las muertes violentas en Venezuela. En el año 1984 hubo. 10.493 muertes debidas a accidentes, homicidios y suicidios esto representa el 13.3% y el segundo lugar de la mortalidad total del país en ese año. En el trienio 1982-84 las tasas de accidentes de tránsito, homicidio y suicidios fueron de 28.4, 11.4 y 4.7 respectivamente. En relación fueron: Accidentes de tránsito: Hombres 46.0, Mujeres 1.04, Homicidios: Hombres 21.0. Mujeres 1.8, Suicidios Hombres 7.4, Mujeres 2.0. En general la zona Andina y el Estado Mérida en particular tienen la mayor frecuencia de muertes violentas y la zona oriental, en especial el Estado Sucre la menor incidencia

Mortes violentas em menores de 15 anos no Brasil / Violent deaths in children under 15 years in Brazil

A introduçäo no Brasil, na década de 1970, de um atestado de óbito nacional uniforme possibilitou a coleta de dados de mortalidade em todo o país. Objetiva-se examinar as mortes em menores de 15 anos por causas externas (mortes acidentais, homicídios e suicídios) indicadas por estes dados e por outras fontes, objetivando ajudar a encontrar meios de evitar tais mortes. Um aspecto chave sobre as mortes por causas externas é que sua participaçäo, com relaçäo ao índice total de mortalidade, tende a ser específica cada cidade. Dentro das faixas etárias brasileiras consideradas (0 a 15 anos), por exemplo, as causas externas teriam sido responsáveis por 0,5, 7, 29 e 39% das mortes de crianças de menos de um ano, de 1 a 4 anos, de 5 a 9 anos e de 10 a 14 anos, respectivamente. Verificou-se também que um número consideravelmente maior dessas mortes tende a ocorrer entre meninos do que entre meninas, com um coeficiente de casos fatais do sexo masculino sobre o feminino de 1,73:1 em 1979. Em termos gerais, em 1979, a criança média brasileira parecia estar exposta a cerca de duas possibilidades em 10 000 de morrer por causas externas - taxa que parece elevada em comparaçäo com a observada em alguns outros países. Quanto às causas específicas, correspondeu aos acidentes a maior parte dessas mortes (76,6%), representando os homicídios 2,8%, os suicídios 0,8% e as mortes por causas externas "näo especificadas" 19,7%. Os acidentes envolvendo veículos motorizados representaram mais de um terço (3 064) das mortes acidentais em menores de 15 anos imputadas a causas específicas. Afogamentos acidentais (1 282 mortes), fogo (508 mortes), quedas (179 mortes), ingestäo ou aspiraçäo de alimentos ou objetos (263 mortes) e sufocamento mecânico (167 mortes) representaram grande parcela da mortalidade pelas demais classes de acidentes. Esses dados indicam, entre outras coisas, a necessidade ...

Accidentes y otras violencias / Accidents and other violences

Las muertes por accidentes representan la cuarta causa de muerte en los años 1980-81. Entre las formas de accidentes se destaca los de vehículos a motor, siguiendo en importancia las caídas y ahogamientos. El valor de la tasa de mortalidad por accidentes viene descendiendo através de los años. A hacer un análisis del incremento del parque automotor, comparando las tasas con otros países, se llega a la conclusión que no hay una clara asociación con este factor, ni con el nivel de desarrollo socio-económico. La muerte por suicidios, la cual presenta notorio subregistro, se concentra a partir de los 20 años, diferenciándose por sexo. Por causa de la información disponible no es posible identificar muertes por accidentes de trabajo. Debido a la diversidad de causas, es dificil establecer lineas generales de acción, a pesar de lo cual se trabaja en la educación preventiva y en la preparación y equipamiento adecuado para atender emergencias provocadas por accidentes

Accidentes y otras violencias / Accidents and other violences

Las muertes por accidentes representan la cuarta causa de muerte en los años 1980-81. Entre las formas de accidentes se destaca los de vehículos a motor, siguiendo en importancia las caídas y ahogamientos. El valor de la tasa de mortalidad por accidentes viene descendiendo através de los años. A hacer un análisis del incremento del parque automotor, comparando las tasas con otros países, se llega a la conclusión que no hay una clara asociación con este factor, ni con el nivel de desarrollo socio-económico. La muerte por suicidios, la cual presenta notorio subregistro, se concentra a partir de los 20 años, diferenciándose por sexo. Por causa de la información disponible no es posible identificar muertes por accidentes de trabajo. Debido a la diversidad de causas, es dificil establecer lineas generales de acción, a pesar de lo cual se trabaja en la educación preventiva y en la preparación y equipamiento adecuado para atender emergencias provocadas por accidentes

The 1990 objectives for the nation for control of stress and violent behavior: progress report.

The control of stress and violent behavior is 1 of the 15 priority areas addressed in the Public Health Service's Objectives for the Nation. The National Institute of Mental Health, which provides a national focus for the Federal effort to increase knowledge of, and promote effective strategies dealing with, issues associated with mental illness and mental health, has been designated the lead Federal agency in this priority area. The authors summarize progress achieved and further activities planned with respect to 10 objectives for control of stress and violent behavior that have been selected for Federal implementation. The objectives for control of stress include improved public and professional awareness of community agencies that can provide professional services, hotlines, and mutual support groups. The objectives for control of violent behavior address three major problems: deaths from homicide among young black males, suicide among the young, and child abuse. Achievement of several of the objectives is currently impeded by lack of a valid data base. Efforts have been initiated, both by individual agencies and through collaboration among the various participating Public Health Service components, to develop valid and reliable baseline data and surveillance procedures.

A fifteen-year review of female admissions to Carstairs State Hospital.

A survey was made of all female admissions to the State Hospital, Carstairs, between the time of the first female admission in 1959, and 31 December 1973. There were 66 female admissions, constituting 7-1 per cent of the total admissions over the same period. The females fall into two separate sub-groups. The first consists of persistently violent patients transferred from other hospitals, suffering from mental subnormality or personality disorder; they have a poorer prognosis than the second group, who are sent from Courts or prison because of single serious acts of violence often directed at a member of the family, and who suffer from a personality disorder or from schizophrenia. Some features of the two groups are compared and contrasted. There may be an increase in the proportion of pateints in the first group being admitted to the State Hospital, and some implications of this trend are discussed.

Violence at home: A review of the literature.

Studies on family violence have analyzed the phenomenon from psychological, social, and cultural perspectives. A review of the literature shows that the available evidence is not contradictory, leading to the conclusion that a comprehensive theory of violence at home must take into account factors at these several levels, placing individual functioning within the social group and within the culture norms by which the group operates. A theory of violence at home, and suggestions for further research, are offered.

Personal violence in infantry combat.

Thirty-one soldiers who had killed while in combat and who had subsequent psychiatric examinations were asked about acts of 'personal violence' in Vietna m (acts against persons at close range judged to be unnecessary from a military point of view.) Fourteen reported engagement in personal violence, while nine others reported witnessing such behavior. In this group, all who reported participation in personal violence had volunteered to serve in Vietnam. Significantly more participants reported killing four or more persons in Vietnam than did nonparticipants, and the participants more frequently had a history of arrest prior to military service. As a group, participants could be distinguished from nonparticipants by the average number of positive items present in each of several groupings of precombat variables. Personal violence in combat results from an interaction of individual, group, and situational factors.