RESUMO
Previous study conducted in our department showed that 50% ethanolic extract of the root of Ricinus communis possess reversible antifertility effect and a 62-kDa protein (Rp) from this extract is responsible for the antifertility effects. In this study, we compared the spermicidal effect of this Rp with nonoxynol-9 (N-9) in vitro. The sperm immobilisation studies showed that 100 µg ml(-1) of Rp was able to immobilise the sperms completely within 30 s. Sperm revival test revealed that the spermicidal effect was irreversible. There was also a significant reduction in sperm viability and hypo-osmotic swelling in Rp and N-9 treated groups in comparison with the control. In Rp and N-9 treated groups, the number of acrosome-reacted cells was found to be high and also caused agglutination of the spermatozoa, indicating the loss of intactness of the plasma membrane, which was further supported by the significant reduction in the activity of membrane bound 5'-nucleotidase, acrosomal acrosin. In short, the protein Rp possesses spermicidal activity in vitro and its effects are similar to that of nonoxynol 9.
Assuntos
Nonoxinol/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Ricinus/química , Imobilizantes dos Espermatozoides/farmacologia , 5'-Nucleotidase/metabolismo , Acrosina/metabolismo , Reação Acrossômica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Peso Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Aglutinação Espermática/efeitos dos fármacos , Imobilizantes dos Espermatozoides/química , Imobilizantes dos Espermatozoides/toxicidade , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/citologia , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/fisiologiaRESUMO
The study was designed to examine the effect of oleanolic acid on cauda epididymal sperm motion using a computer-aided sperm analysis system and to elucidate the relationship between sperm motion and fertility, as a tool for contraceptive studies. Oleanolic acid-polyvinylpyrrollidone suspension was orally administered to adult male Wistar rats for 30 days, followed by a 14-day drug withdrawal from half of the rats in the group. Control rats received only polyvinylpyrrollidone. All males were mated with untreated females. Treated males failed to impregnate females, whereas control and oleanolic acid withdrawn males achieved 100% pregnancies. Sperm motion analysed on the Sperm Motility Quantifier (SMQ) showed significant differences in linearity (P < 0.001) and wobble (P < 0.01) between control and treated groups. However, the curvilinear velocities were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among all the groups. Sperm motility patterns verified differences among kinematic parameters.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/toxicidade , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Oleanólico/toxicidade , Imobilizantes dos Espermatozoides/toxicidade , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Ácido Oleanólico/administração & dosagem , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Imobilizantes dos Espermatozoides/administração & dosagem , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Rat sperm motility and membrane integrity were compared as endpoints for viability. Sperm motility was measured by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), whereas membrane integrity was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of sperm stained with two nucleic acid stains, SYBR-14 and propidium iodide. The two techniques were compared in experiments that examined sperm viability over time and by analysis of known mixtures of control and freeze/thaw-killed sperm. Results from the two approaches were quantitatively very similar. Sperm from rats treated with dibromoacetic acid (600 or 1200 mg/kg) or alpha-chlorhyrin (100 mg/kg) were also analyzed. Neither technique detected a treatment-related effect with dibromoacetic acid. CASA identified a significant decrease in sperm motility in alpha-chlorhyrin-treated rats, whereas flow cytometric analysis did not find a measureable change in sperm membrane integrity. Because decreases in sperm motility would be expected to directly affect fertility, CASA may be a more robust endpoint for risk assessment in reproductive toxicology studies than flow cytometric analysis of membrane integrity.
Assuntos
Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Acetatos/toxicidade , Animais , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/fisiologia , Sobrevivência Celular , Anticoncepcionais Masculinos/toxicidade , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Ratos , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Imobilizantes dos Espermatozoides/toxicidade , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Ducto Deferente/citologia , Ducto Deferente/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Cloridrina/toxicidadeRESUMO
In certain critical concentrations nitrofurantoin sodium and nitrofurazone cause sperm immobilization. Intraoperative was irrigation with these solutions in 16 patients produced sterility in the immediate postoperative period. This procedure minimizes time-consuming postoperative sperm analyses. Moreover, in underdeveloped countries where postoperative followup is difficult to obtain, this procedure would provide an additional positive factor in an attempt to ensure sterility.
