Consecuencias judiciales de lesiones en instalaciones deportivas murales y opinión docente sobre seguridad en escalada escolar / Legal consequences of injuries in wall sports facilities and teachers views on school climbing safety

La prevención en el ámbito escolar y deportivo abarca una pluralidad de fuentes y factores presentes en los centros educativos e instalaciones deportivas. Pese a que el espacio de mayor siniestralidad es el patio y la propia cancha deportiva, son también destacados los accidentes en centros escolares o deportivos que implican estructuras murales, tanto en interior como exterior. Cualquier recinto o edificio, máxime cuando esté dedicado a una utilización formativa, deportiva o lúdica, debería estar sometido a una evaluación periódica, tanto por sus responsables directos, como de los propietarios. Se empleó una metodología combinada, de revisión no sistemática y observacional. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda jurídica desde 1998-2023 en el Centro de Documentación Judicial del Consejo General del Poder Judicial de las sentencias sobre accidentes en instalaciones murales escolares y deportivas; a la par también se envió un cuestionario sobre seguridad y gestión de riesgo para conocer la opinión del profesorado de educación primaria y secundaria en actividades de trepa-escalada. Se localizaron 10 condenas que cumplían los criterios necesarios, relativas sobre todo de accidentes, habitualmente con indemnización por daños. Se concluye que la mayoría de lesiones no intencionadas en el ámbito escolar y deportivo en instalaciones murales deportivas y escolares, no son graves. La jurisprudencia existente, centrada en rocódromos y pistas de pádel, advierte que se debe mejorar la gestión y mantenimiento de las paredes para evitar reclamaciones. En esta línea, el profesorado de educación primaria y secundaria participante en el estudio se queja de que la falta y escaso mantenimiento de sus instalaciones de trepa-escalada, así como de adecuada formación y recursos para un mejor control de uso. En general, son partidarios de compartir parcialmente la gestión de riesgos con el alumnado, evitando situaciones de riesgo alto o fuera de control. (AU)

Prevention in the school and sports environment encompasses a plurality of sources and factors present in schools and sports facilities. Although the area with the highest accident rate is the playground and the sports field itself, there are also accidents in schools and sports centres involving wall structures, both indoors and outdoors. Any site or building, especially when it is used for educational, sporting or recreational purposes, should be subject to periodic evaluation, both by those directly responsible for it and by the owners. A combined methodology of non-systematic and observational review was used. To this end, a search was carried out from 1998-2023 in the Judicial Documentation Centre of the General Council of the Judiciary for judgements on accidents in school and sports facilities; at the same time, a questionnaire on safety and risk management was also sent out to find out the opinion of primary and secondary school teachers in climbing activities. Ten convictions were found that met the necessary criteria, mainly relating to accidents, usually with compensation for damages. It is concluded that the majority of unintentional injuries in the school and sports environment in school and sports wall facilities are not serious. Existing case law, focusing on climbing walls and paddle tennis courts, warns that the management and maintenance of walls must be improved to avoid claims. In this line, the primary and secondary school teachers participating in the study complain about the lack and poor maintenance of their climbing facilities, as well as the lack of adequate training and resources for better control of use. In general, they are in favour of partially sharing risk management with pupils, avoiding high-risk or out-of-control situations. (AU)

Análisis de la seguridad y accesibilidad de los espacios deportivos en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria / Analysis of the safety and accessibility of sports facilities in Secondary School / Análise da segurança e acessibilidade dos espaços deportivos no Ensino Secundário Obrigatório

Las instalaciones deportivas escolares son el marco idóneo donde los alumnos deben de adquirir los hábitos de actividad física, estableciendo el Real Decreto 132/2010, que estas deben de cumplir con las condiciones de seguridad y accesibilidad que determine la legislación vigente. No obstante, varias investigaciones previas alertan del incumplimiento de dichos requisitos, siendo el objetivo del presente estudio el análisis de aquellos relacionados con la seguridad y accesibilidad de los espacios deportivos utilizados para impartir las clases de Educación Física en la etapa de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). La investigación se llevó a cabo en n=45 Institutos de ESO de titularidad pública de la Región de Murcia, a través de una observación in situ con dos listas de control ad hoc en función del espacio a analizar, de 71 ítems para espacios cubiertos y 36 ítems para espacios al aire libre, de respuesta dicotómica (SI/NO), elaboradas a partir de la normativa y legislación vigente. Los resultados muestran un porcentaje medio de cumplimiento del 63.05±7.09 en espacios cubiertos (n=51) y del 61.52±8.70 en espacios al aire libre (n=93) detectándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los cubiertos (p <0.05) en función de su titularidad, con un cumplimiento mayor en los municipales. Ninguno de los espacios deportivos analizados cumple con todos los requisitos establecidos, detectando numerosas deficiencias respecto a su seguridad que pueden conllevar riesgos, así como en relación a su accesibilidad, apreciando barreras arquitectónicas y un alto incumplimiento de los aspectos relacionados con la accesibilidad cognitiva y limitaciones de tipo visual

School sports facilities are the ideal framework where students must acquire physical activity habits, establishing Royal Decree 132/2010, that they must comply with the safety and accessibility conditions determined by current legislation. However, several previous studies warn of non-compliance with these requirements, being the objective of this study the analysis of those related to the safety and accessibility of the sports facilities used in Physical Education classes at the compulsory secondary education stage. This research was carried out in n=45 compulsory secondary education schools of public ownership of the Region of Murcia, through an in situ observation with two ad hoc checklists according to the space to be analyzed, of 71 items for indoor facilities and 36 items for outdoor ones, of dichotomous response (YES/NO), developed from the current regulations and legislation. The results show an average percentage of compliance of 63.05±7.09 in indoor facilities (n=51) and 61.52±8.70 in outdoor spaces (n=93) detecting statistically significant differences in the indoor ones (p <0.05) depending on their ownership, with greater compliance in the municipal. None of the sports facilities analyzed meets all the established requirements, detecting numerous deficiencies regarding their safety that may entail risks, as well as in relation to their accessibility, appreciating architectural barriers and a high breach of the aspects related to cognitive accessibility and visual limitations

As instalações esportivas escolares são a estrutura ideal onde os estudantes devem adquirir hábitos de atividade física, estabelecendo o Real Decreto 132/2010, que deve obedecer às condições de segurança e acessibilidade determinadas pela legislação vigente. No entanto, várias investigações anteriores alertam para a violação desses requisitos, sendo o objetivo do presente estudo a análise daqueles relacionados à segurança e acessibilidade dos espaços esportivos utilizados para o ensino das aulas de Educação Física no Ensino Médio obrigatório (ESO). A investigação foi realizada em n=45 institutos ESO de propriedade pública da Região de Múrcia, através de uma observação in situ com duas listas de verificação ad hoc, dependendo do espaço a ser analisado, de 71 itens para espaços cobertos e 36 itens para espaços ao ar livre, resposta dicotômica (SIM/NÃO), elaborado a partir da legislação e regulamentação vigentes. Os resultados mostram uma porcentagem média de conformidade de 63.05±7.09 nos espaços cobertos (n=51) e 61.52±8.70 nos espaços ao ar livre (n=93), sendo detectadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p <0.05) dependendo de sua propriedade, com maior conformidade nos municípios. Nenhuma das áreas de esportes analisadas atende a todos os requisitos estabelecidos, detectando inúmeras deficiências em relação à sua segurança que podem acarretar riscos, bem como em relação à sua acessibilidade, valorização de barreiras arquitetônicas e alta quebra de aspectos relacionados à acessibilidade cognitiva e limitações tipo visual

Knowledge, opinions and compliance related to the 100% smoke-free law in hospitality venues in Kampala, Uganda: cross-sectional results from the KOMPLY Project.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated knowledge, opinions and compliance related to Uganda's comprehensive smoke-free law among hospitality venues in Kampala Uganda. DESIGN: This multi-method study presents cross-sectional findings of the extent of compliance in the early phase of Uganda's comprehensive smoke-free law (2 months postimplementation; pre-enforcement). SETTING: Bars, pubs and restaurants in Kampala Uganda. PROCEDURE AND PARTICIPANTS: A two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure was used to select hospitality sites stratified by all five divisions in Kampala. A total of 222 establishments were selected for the study. One hospitality representative from each of the visited sites agreed to take part in a face-to-face administered questionnaire. A subsample of hospitality venues were randomly selected for tobacco air quality testing (n=108). Data were collected between June and August 2016. OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge and opinions of the smoke-free law among hospitality venue staff and owners. The level of compliance with the smoke-free law in hospitality venues through: (1) systematic objective observations (eg, active smoking, the presence of designated smoking areas, 'no smoking' signage) and (2) air quality by measuring the levels of tobacco particulate matter (PM2.5) in both indoor and outdoor venues. RESULTS: Active smoking was observed in 18% of venues, 31% had visible 'no smoking' signage and 47% had visible cigarette remains. Among interviewed respondents, 57% agreed that they had not been adequately informed about the smoke-free law; however, 90% were supportive of the ban. Nearly all respondents (97%) agreed that the law will protect workers' health, but 32% believed that the law would cause financial losses at their establishment. Indoor PM2.5 levels were hazardous (267.6 µg/m3) in venues that allowed smoking and moderate (29.6 µg/m3) in smoke-free establishments. CONCLUSIONS: In the early phase of Uganda's smoke-free law, the level of compliance in hospitality venues settings in Kampala was suboptimal. Civil society and the media have strong potential to inform and educate the hospitality industry and smokers of the benefits and requirements of the smoke-free law.

The role and working conditions of Movement Science students employed in sport and recreational facilities: An Italian multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: In Italy, students from Movement Science (MS) Degree Courses often work in sport and recreational facilities before graduation. OBJECTIVE: The employment conditions of Movement Science students working in sport/recreational facilities were investigated, and the management and structural features of the facilities were evaluated, including safety policies. Regional differences were also considered. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to undergraduate and graduate students (N = 4,217) in 17 Universities. Students' perceptions of the quality of the facilities where they had been employed was evaluated using multivariate analysis. A latent class model with covariates was used to evaluate how variables relating to participants, employment facilities or regions influence their opinions. RESULTS: A high proportion of MS students were employed in sporting facilities (undergraduate level: 33% ; graduate level: 55%), in most cases without any formal employment contracts. Both the structural and hygienic features, as well as the professional knowledge of the staff, were considered good to excellent by the majority of participants (about 70%). Communication of the basic behavioral rules was considered adequate by 61-63% of undergraduate students and 71-75% of graduate students, while nearly half of the participants were dissatisfied with the staff safety training. Correlations between the perceived good structural/hygienic conditions, the presence of regulations and training programs for the staff were investigated. Differences regarding occupational level and safety training among different regions of Italy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Italian students in Movement Science were easily employed in sport/recreational facilities, but frequently without a formal contract. This is a consequence of the lack of specific regulations in the field of recreational/leisure employment and could have negative implications, especially in terms of safety.