RESUMO
The past 20 years has seen a doubling in the worldwide prevalence of morbid obesity (usually defined as a body mass index BMI, >40 kg/m(2)). Scotland has one of the worst obesity records amongst developed countries. In 2010, 65.1% of all adults aged 16 and over were overweight or obese. Morbid obesity rates (BMI 40 kg/m(2) or more) increased from 1.2% in 1995 to 2.7% in 2003, and fluctuated between 2.2% and 2.7% between 2008 and 2010 (Figure 1). Morbid obesity is associated with twice the mortality compared with the general population. The National Audit Office (NAO) estimated that in 1998 over 30,000 deaths a year in England were attributable to obesity, approximately 6% of all deaths in that year. Obesity is associated and with other conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis and cancer, as well as increased rates of psychiatric illness.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Preferência do Paciente/psicologia , Redução de Peso , Abdominoplastia , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Nádegas/cirurgia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Intertrigo/etiologia , Intertrigo/cirurgia , Lipectomia , Lipodistrofia/etiologia , Lipodistrofia/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Preferência do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Escócia , Coxa da Perna/cirurgia , Parede Torácica/cirurgiaRESUMO
Severe skeletal retrognathia may lead to a pronounced labiomental fold. When severe the labiomental fold may result in intertrigo, which is chronic and symptomatic. This problem can be managed by orthodontics and orthodontic surgery to reposition the jaw at a more anterior direction, thus creating a normal lip posture and a normal labiomental fold.
Assuntos
Dermatoses Faciais/etiologia , Intertrigo/etiologia , Retrognatismo/complicações , Adulto , Dermatoses Faciais/cirurgia , Humanos , Intertrigo/cirurgia , Lábio/anormalidades , Masculino , Mandíbula/anormalidades , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Retrognatismo/cirurgiaRESUMO
Perlèche (angular cheilosis) is often caused by the presence of saliva on skin adjacent to mucous membranes. In some cases saliva escapes from the mouth through deep grooves that extend inferolaterally from oral commissures. If the sulci are secondary to a decreased vertical dimension of the lower one third of the face (determined by described measurements), corrective dental measures may be curative. When this approach is not practical and in other cases when the grooves are produced by other causes, the defects can be corrected by use of injections of collagen implant. This has been done successfully in two patients, and angular cheilosis has not reoccurred.
