Prevention of acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep by probiotic or monensin supplementation: clinical aspects / Prevenção da acidose láctica ruminal aguda em ovinos através da suplementação com leveduras ou monensina: aspectos clínicos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two additives (probiotic and monensin) over clinical parameters of sheep submitted to acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA). Eighteen sheeps were divided into three groups of six animals each as follows: probiotic group, supplemented with 4×109 CFU/animal/day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; monensin group, supplemented with 33 mg of monensin sodium per kg of diet; and control group, without any supplementation. After 30 days of diet (75% of Coast-cross hay and 25% concentrate with 14% of crude protein) and additive intake, ARLA was induced in the all animals by intraruminal administration of 15g of sucrose per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Complete physical examinations to assess the vital signs of the animals were conducted at the following times: baseline (T0), six (T6h), 12 (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h), and 48 (T48h) hours after ARLA induction. At those times, blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma volume deficit (PVD) and ruminal content for pH measurement. All animals experienced clinical signs of ARLA with ruminal pH lower than 4.9 at T24h. The heart rate and PVD were lower (P < 0.05) in the probiotic group at T36h. Compared to the control and monensin groups, the probiotic group experienced milder ARLA characterized by lower degrees of dehydration and fewer clinical symptoms.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de dois aditivos (probiótico e monensina sódica) sobre a parâmetros clínicos de ovinos submetidos a acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA). Dezoito ovinos foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada assim constituídos: Probiótico, suplementado com 4x109 ufc/animal/dia de Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Monensina, suplementado com 33 mg/kg de monensina sódica; Controle, sem aditivo. Após 30 dias de oferecimento da dieta (75% feno de Coast-cross e 25% concentrado com 14% de proteína bruta) e aditivos, os animais foram submetidos à indução de ALRA por meio da administração intraruminal de 15 gramas de sacarose por kg de peso vivo. Foi realizado exame físico completo nos animais com aferição dos parâmetros vitais nos seguintes momentos: basal (T0), seis (T6h), doze (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h) e 48 (T48h) horas após a indução da ALRA. Em todos os momentos de avaliação foram obtidas amostras de sangue para determinação do déficit de volume plasmático (DVP) e de conteúdo ruminal para aferição do pH. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro de ALRA com pH ruminal menor que 4,9 no T24h, sem diferença entre os grupos (p = 0.092). A frequência cardíaca e o DVP foram inferiores (P<0,05) no grupo Probiótico no T36h. Os animais do grupo Probiótico apresentaram quadro de ALRA mais branda observada por menor grau de desidratação e menor ocorrência de sintomas clínicos em relação aos animais dos grupos controle e monensina.(AU)

Prevention of acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep by probiotic or monensin supplementation: clinical aspects / Prevenção da acidose láctica ruminal aguda em ovinos através da suplementação com leveduras ou monensina: aspectos clínicos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two additives (probiotic and monensin) over clinical parameters of sheep submitted to acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA). Eighteen sheeps were divided into three groups of six animals each as follows: probiotic group, supplemented with 4×109 CFU/animal/day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; monensin group, supplemented with 33 mg of monensin sodium per kg of diet; and control group, without any supplementation. After 30 days of diet (75% of Coast-cross hay and 25% concentrate with 14% of crude protein) and additive intake, ARLA was induced in the all animals by intraruminal administration of 15g of sucrose per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Complete physical examinations to assess the vital signs of the animals were conducted at the following times: baseline (T0), six (T6h), 12 (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h), and 48 (T48h) hours after ARLA induction. At those times, blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma volume deficit (PVD) and ruminal content for pH measurement. All animals experienced clinical signs of ARLA with ruminal pH lower than 4.9 at T24h. The heart rate and PVD were lower (P < 0.05) in the probiotic group at T36h. Compared to the control and monensin groups, the probiotic group experienced milder ARLA characterized by lower degrees of dehydration and fewer clinical symptoms.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de dois aditivos (probiótico e monensina sódica) sobre a parâmetros clínicos de ovinos submetidos a acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA). Dezoito ovinos foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada assim constituídos: Probiótico, suplementado com 4x109 ufc/animal/dia de Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Monensina, suplementado com 33 mg/kg de monensina sódica; Controle, sem aditivo. Após 30 dias de oferecimento da dieta (75% feno de Coast-cross e 25% concentrado com 14% de proteína bruta) e aditivos, os animais foram submetidos à indução de ALRA por meio da administração intraruminal de 15 gramas de sacarose por kg de peso vivo. Foi realizado exame físico completo nos animais com aferição dos parâmetros vitais nos seguintes momentos: basal (T0), seis (T6h), doze (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h) e 48 (T48h) horas após a indução da ALRA. Em todos os momentos de avaliação foram obtidas amostras de sangue para determinação do déficit de volume plasmático (DVP) e de conteúdo ruminal para aferição do pH. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro de ALRA com pH ruminal menor que 4,9 no T24h, sem diferença entre os grupos (p = 0.092). A frequência cardíaca e o DVP foram inferiores (P<0,05) no grupo Probiótico no T36h. Os animais do grupo Probiótico apresentaram quadro de ALRA mais branda observada por menor grau de desidratação e menor ocorrência de sintomas clínicos em relação aos animais dos grupos controle e monensina.

Sodium bentonite and monensin under chronic aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens.

Clay feed additives have been increasingly incorporated into animal diets to prevent aflatoxicosis. Due to the nonselective nature of the binding interaction, many important components of the diets could also be made unavailable because of these feed additives. The anticoccidial monensin (MON) could also be sequestered by these clays. The use of sodium bentonite (Na-B) from a mine in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, was investigated as a sequestering agent to prevent the effects of 100 µg/kg of dietary aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)). In vitro studies demonstrated that the above Na-B was a good candidate to prevent aflatoxicosis. They also showed that MON competes with AFB(1) for the adsorption sites on the clay surface and effectively displaces the toxin when it is in low concentration. Even though the levels of MON in diets, approximately 55 mg/kg, are high enough to not be significantly changed as a consequence of the adsorption, they can further affect the ability of the clays to bind low levels of AFB(1). An in vivo experiment carried out with poultry showed that 100 µg/kg of AFB(1) does not significantly change productive or biochemical parameters. However, liver histopathology not only confirmed the ability of this particular Na-B to prevent aflatoxicosis but also the decrease of this capacity in the presence of 55 mg/kg of MON. This is the first report stressing this fact and further research should be performed to check if this behavior is a characteristic of the assayed Na-B or of this type of clay. On the other hand, the presence of MON should also be taken into account when assaying the potential AFB(1) binding ability of a given bentonite.

[Salinomycin and semduramicin in different concentrations on the broilers eimeriosis control]. / Salinomicina e semduramicina associadas em diferentes concentracoes no controle da eimeriose em frangos de corte.

This study aimed to investigate the association of salinomycin and semduramicin, in different doses, against controlled mixed infection of Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella in broiler chickens. Eight hundred birds were divided into 5 groups (T1: not medicated feed; T2: 30 ppm of salinomycin and 12.5 ppm of semduramicin; T3: 30 ppm of salinomycin and 15 ppm of semduramicin; T4: 40 ppm of salinomycin and 12,5 ppm of semduramicin and T5: 40 ppm of salinomycin and 15 ppm of semduramicin) and inoculated at 15 days of age with sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella in a mixed suspension, through the feed. Performance data and lesion scores were recorded. All treated groups showed statistically better cumulative weight gain at 21 days old. At 35 days old only the T3 group showed significant difference. Cumulative feed conversion showed statistical difference in the groups T4 and T5. The treatment T5 was more effective in the coccidiosis control of E. tenella. T3 and T5 achieved statistical differences in the average lesion scores of the three analyzed species. The association of salinomycin and semduramicin used in lower doses than the usual, showed to be an option in the coccidiosis control in this experiment.

Salinomicina e semduramicina associadas em diferentes concentrações no controle da eimeriose em frangos de corte / Salinomycin and semduramicin in different concentrations on the broilers eimeriosis control

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a associação de salinomicina e semduramicina, em diferentes doses, frente à infecção mista controlada de Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima e E. tenella em frangos de corte. Oitocentas aves foram divididas em 5 grupos (T1: ração não medicada; T2: 30 ppm de salinomicina e 12,5 ppm de semduramicina; T3: 30 ppm de salinomicina e 15 ppm de semduramicina; T4: 40 ppm de salinomicina e 12,5 ppm de semduramicina e T5: 40 ppm de salinomicina e 15 ppm de semduramicina) e inoculadas aos 15 dias de idade com oocistos esporulados de E. acervulina, E. maxima e E. tenella, em inóculo misto, via ração. Parâmetros produtivos e escore de lesões foram registrados. Todos os grupos tratados apresentaram estatisticamente melhores ganhos de peso cumulativo aos 21 dias de vida. Aos 35 dias de vida, somente o grupo T3 apresentou diferença significativa. A conversão alimentar cumulativa apresentou diferença estatística nos grupos T4 e T5. O tratamento T5 foi mais eficaz no controle de E. tenella. T3 e T5 obtiveram diferenças estatísticas no escore médio de lesão das três espécies. O uso de salinomicina, associada a semduramicina, em baixas doses demonstrou uma opção viável no controle da coccidiose neste experimento.

This study aimed to investigate the association of salinomycin and semduramicin, in different doses, against controlled mixed infection of Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella in broiler chickens. Eight hundred birds were divided into 5 groups (T1: not medicated feed; T2: 30 ppm of salinomycin and 12.5 ppm of semduramicin; T3: 30 ppm of salinomycin and 15 ppm of semduramicin; T4: 40 ppm of salinomycin and 12,5 ppm of semduramicin and T5: 40 ppm of salinomycin and 15 ppm of semduramicin) and inoculated at 15 days of age with sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella in a mixed suspension, through the feed. Performance data and lesion scores were recorded. All treated groups showed statistically better cumulative weight gain at 21 days old. At 35 days old only the T3 group showed significant difference. Cumulative feed conversion showed statistical difference in the groups T4 and T5. The treatment T5 was more effective in the coccidiosis control of E. tenella. T3 and T5 achieved statistical differences in the average lesion scores of the three analyzed species. The association of salinomycin and semduramicin used in lower doses than the usual, showed to be an option in the coccidiosis control in this experiment.

[Ketorolac protection in damage due to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion]. / Protección por Ketorolac en el daño producido por isquemia y reperfusión miocardica.

This study shows that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Ketorolac, has an ionophore-like action for calcium, such a drug may transfer calcium through an hydrophobic phase. This property does not affect the respiratory rate of mitochondria. These results indicate that the ionophoretic effect is not due to an uncoupling action of Ketorolac. The effect of this compound was tested in a reperfusion model where it was observed that Ketorolac (1 mg/Kg weight) administered 30 min before an ischemic period was induced, reverts the arrhythmic effect of reperfusion. These results are in agreement with the analysis of the plasmatic concentrations of the enzymes creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase. It was found that the levels of such enzymes were lower in Ketorolac treated group, than in the untreated one. The results clearly indicate that Ketorolac prevents from the myocardial damage induced by reperfusion, probably by avoiding calcium overload in myocytes.