Clinical and pathological findings in five dogs with nodular histiocytic iritis in the United Kingdom: A case series.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, histopathology, management, and outcome of nodular histiocytic iritis, an intraocular variant of nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE). METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of five dogs with intraocular NGE-type inflammation as diagnosed by histopathology. RESULTS: Four Border Collies and one crossbreed dog, aged 1.5-3.4 years (mean age 2.38 years). The clinical presentation was an extensive, raised, pale iris lesion of variable location. All cases were unilateral. The physical examination was normal. Complete blood count/serum biochemistry (n = 1) and thoracic radiography (n = 1) were normal. Ocular ultrasound (n = 2) was normal apart from increased iris thickness. Enucleation (n = 4) or excisional biopsy (iridectomy, n = 1) was performed because of suspected neoplasia. Following enucleation, the remaining, contralateral eye did not develop additional lesions (9 days-3.7 years follow-up). There was no recurrence following sector iridectomy with 5 months topical 1% prednisolone acetate (3.9 years follow-up). The histopathologic findings in all five cases indicated a focal histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis (iritis), similar to that seen in cases of NGE. CONCLUSION: Nodular histiocytic iritis presents as unilateral iris thickening in isolation and young Collies appear to be predisposed. The histopathological findings are similar to NGE. Although the clinical presentation resembles intraocular neoplasia, an inflammatory process should be considered, which may be amenable to medical management. Definitive diagnosis may be obtained by iris sampling.

Septic lens implantation syndrome in a cat.

A 13-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented initially for a change in the appearance of the left eye. On initial examination, a small penetrating wound was suspected as the cause for a corneal scar, an anterior cortical incipient cataract and mild iritis. The cat was not re-presented until 1 year later at which time ocular pain was marked. Severe anterior uveitis and glaucoma were diagnosed and the eye enucleated. Histopathology documented intralenticular coccoid bacteria and septic lens implantation syndrome.

Ocular lesions in mink affected with Aleutian disease.

Uveitis, characterized by infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells, was the principal ocular lesion in 122 sapphire and pastel mink affected with experimental Aleutian disease. It was present to various degrees in all but five mink examined five to 164 weeks after inoculation (intraperitoneal or intranasal) with any of four North American strains of Aleutian disease virus. The uveitis, mostly iridocyclitis, was accompanied often by protein-rich fluid in the anterior chamber and less often by fibrin and cells in the vitreous body. Cellular infiltration of the limbus, seldom pronounced, also occurred in about 20% of the mink. In 11 mink with moderate or severe uveitis, the retina was detached by pools of protein-rich fluid. Infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and a few histiocytes often were found in the orbital soft tissues, occasionally in association with retrobulbar arteritis. In general, the ocular lesions were more severe in sapphire than in pastel mink. The uveitis accompanies glomerulonephritis, the principal lesion of Aleutian disease, much more regularly than do several other lesions of the disease. Like the glomerulonephritis, it probably results from the deposition of circulating immune complexes.

Canine adenovirus-induced ocular lesions in the Afghan hound.

A series of referred cases of CAV-1-induced ocular disease suggested increased susceptibility of the Afghan Hound. Of a litter of Afghan Hound puppies inoculated with a commercial vaccine containing attenuated CAV-1, three developed corneal edema and the litter as a whole showed marked febrile and serological responses to the virus. Under experimental conditions Afghan Hounds inoculated with CAV-1 at two levels of attenuation showed more profound clinical responses than Beagles receiving similar inocula. An enhanced generalized susceptibility to infection is suggested as a possible explanation for the greater incidence of CAC-1-induced ocular lesions in this breed.

Ocular involvement with Chlamydia psittaci (strain M56) in rabbits inoculated intravenously.

Fourteen albino rabbits were inoculated intravenously with 10(3.5)-10(4.0) mouse ICLD(50) of Chlamydia psittaci (strain M56) of mammalian origin. Ocular lesions accompanied the chlamydial infection in the rabbits. Bilateral anterior uveitis, a common occurrence, began on the second or third day and subsided by the tenth day whereas keratoconjunctivitis was observed infrequently. After 15 days the most prominent microscopic lesion was iritis. Accumulations of inflammatory cells, mainly plasma cells, were observed in the iris and ciliary body and elementary bodies were found infrequently in macrophages. Chlamydiae were recovered consistently by conjunctival swabbing from the fifth to the twenty-fourth day. The agent was present within the eye (viz. iris-ciliary body) in three of four rabbits killed at 15 days and in five of ten rabbits killed 60 days after inoculation. Chlamydiae had persisted in the cerebrum and joints as well. Although neutralizing antibody was consistently present in sera at 60 days none of the samples of aqueous humor were capable of neutralizing the agent. It is suggested that systemic chlamydial infections in the rabbit provide a model for the study of endogenous uveitis, a common ophthalmological problem.