Comunicación hipermedia en tiempos de COVID-19. Buenas prácticas en la prensa cubana / Hypermedia communication in COVID-19 times. Good practices in the Cuban press

Enfocados en el ámbito del periodismo hipermedia por sus posibilidades de monitoreo mediante el teletrabajo, y por el énfasis que está haciendo el país en la utilización creciente de las TIC, un equipo de investigadores de perfiles diversos, con representación en todas las regiones de Cuba, identificaron 35 experiencias de periodismo hipermedia publicadas en los medios públicos cubanos hasta el 5 de junio de 2020. De esta muestra, se seleccionaron 20 propuestas empleando la técnica del grupo nominal en variante virtual, a las cuales se le realizó un análisis más detallado, a partir de 13 criterios identificados entre las recomendaciones internacionales para el abordaje de la pandemia en la prensa. Tanto el análisis de la muestra, como el de un foro debate realizado con periodistas de todo el archipiélago a partir de la publicación del informe resultante de esta investigación, arrojaron pautas interesantes acerca de las prácticas comunicativas positivas detectadas, potencialmente aplicables en las dinámicas productivas de los medios públicos cubanos(AU)

Focused on the field of hypermedia journalism due to its possibilities of monitoring through teleworking, and because of the emphasis that the country is placing on the increasing use of ICTs, a team of researchers with diverse profiles, with representation in all regions of Cuba, identified 35 experiences of hypermedia journalism published in the Cuban public media until June 5th, 2020. From this sample, 20 proposals were selected using the nominal group technique in virtual variant, to which a more detailed analysis was carried out, based on 13 criteria identified among the international recommendations for dealing with the pandemic in the press. Both the analysis of the sample, as well as a discussion forum held with journalists from all over the archipelago from the publication of the report resulting from this research, yielded interesting guidelines about the positive communicative practices detected, potentially applicable in the productive dynamics of Cuban public media(AU)

Ética periodística y Covid-19: análisis de contenido de los códigos deontológicos / Ética jornalística e Covid-19: análise de conteúdo de códigos deontológicos / Journalistic ethics and Covid-19: an analysis of deontological codes

Esta investigación realiza un análisis de contenido de 103 códigos de ética periodística de todo el mundo para comprobar su adaptación a las circunstancias derivadas de la pandemia Covid-1٩. A partir de siete recomendaciones formuladas por la Ethical Journalism Network (EJN), se analiza su presencia o ausencia en los códigos. Los resultados muestran una presencia desigual de los principios y diferencias importantes entre los códigos. Ninguno de ellos comprende las siete recomendaciones y solo uno asume seis de ellas. Por el contrario, 17 códigos contienen únicamente una recomendación y dos de ellos no recogen ninguna. Se concluye que las recomendaciones de la EJN más presentes en los códigos se relacionan con principios muy asentados en la ética periodística que dependen habitualmente de la fecha de actualización. Se propone incorporar secciones específicas sobre salud a los códigos. (AU)

This article presents the results of a content analysis of 103 journalistic codes of ethics throughout the world conducted to test the adaptation of these codes to Covid-19 pandemic. Based on seven recommendations formulated by the Ethical Journalism Network (EJN), we analyze the presence or absence of each principle. The findings show an uneven presence of the principles and important differences across the codes. None of the codes cover the seven recommendations and just one addressed six of them. In contrast, 17 codes contain only one recommendation and two do not contain any. The EJN recommendations that are most present in the codes address well-established principles in journalistic ethics. The year of the latest update of the code is also a determining factor. Specific sections on health should be incorporated into the codes. (AU)

Esse artigo desenvolve uma análise de conteúdo de 103 códigos jornalísticos de ética em todo o mundo para testar sua adaptação às circunstâncias da Covid-19. Com base nas sete recomendações formuladas pela Ethical Journalism Network (EJN), analisa a presença ou ausência de cada princípio. Os resultados mostram uma presença desigual de princípios e importantes diferenças entre os códigos. Nenhum deles entende as sete recomendações e apenas uma assume seis delas. Em contraste, 17 códigos contêm apenas uma recomendação e dois deles não contêm nenhum. Conclui-se que as recomendações da EJN mais presentes nos códigos dizem respeito a princípios muito estabelecidos na ética jornalística. O ano da última atualização do código também se torna um fator determinante. Propõe-se incorporar seções específicas de saúde nos códigos. (AU)

What Should Health Science Journalists Do in Epidemic Responses?

Journalists have long covered outbreaks of infectious disease. In the history of global health journalism-from the 1721 Boston smallpox epidemic to the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak in China and Singapore and to recent outbreaks of Ebola in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo-newsrooms have wielded their power both responsibly and irresponsibly. This article examines journalism practice during the 2013-2016 Ebola epidemic and recommends strategies for improving epidemic reporting.

A violência homofóbica no Rio de Janeiro a partir do jornalismo digital / Homophobic violence in Rio de Janeiro according to digital journalism / La violencia homofóbica en Río de Janeiro a partir del periodismo digital

A cobertura jornalística sobre homofobia vem crescendo nos últimos anos, consequência da maior reivindicação do movimento LGBT, na busca por visibilidade às diversas violações sofridas. Contudo, a produção discursiva sobre homofobia na mídia possui diversos sentidos e disputas, afetados pela compreensão da sociedade frente às sexualidades e aos gêneros dissidentes da norma. Somado a isso, a internet configura-se na atualidade como outra maneira de informar o conteúdo do jornalismo, causando uma sinergia deste com o meio digital. O presente trabalho busca compreender como a homofobia é representada no jornalismo digital, a partir de notícias das versões digitais dos jornais O Globo e Meia Hora e de notícias recuperadas a partir da ferramenta Google Alerta sobre violência homofóbica no Rio de Janeiro. O recorte temporal utilizado para seleção das notícias foram os anos de 2015 e 2016.(AU)

News coverage on homophobia has been increasing over the last few years as a result of the greater LGBT movement claim for visibility regarding the violations they suffer. However, the production of discourse on homophobia in the media has different meanings and disagreements that are affected by the society's understanding of sexualities and genders that are dissident from the norm. Additionally, the internet is a modern way of informing the news, causing a synergy between journalism and digital media. This work aims at understanding how homophobia is represented in digital journalism based on digital news from the newspapers O Globo and Meia Hora , and obtained using the Google Alert tool about homophobic violence in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The timeframe used to select the news were the years 2015 and 2016..(AU)

La cobertura periodística sobre homofobia ha crecido en los últimos años como consecuencia de la mayor reivindicación del movimiento LGBT, en la búsqueda de visibilidad sobre las diversas violaciones sufridas. No obstante, la producción discursiva sobre homofobia en los medios tiene diversos sentidos y disputas afectados por la comprensión de la sociedad ante las sexualidades y géneros disidentes de la norma. Sumado a todo eso, internet se configura en la actualidad como otra manera de informar el contenido del periodismo, causando una sinergia del mismo con el medio digital. El presente trabajo busca comprender cómo la homofobia se representa en el periodismo digital a partir de noticias de las versiones digitales de los periódicos O Globo, Meia Hora y también de noticias recuperadas a partir de la herramienta Google Alerta, sobre violencia homofóbica en Río de Janeiro. El recorte temporal utilizado para la selección de las noticias fueron los años 2015 y 2016..(AU)

Effectiveness of a Workshop Intervention on Responsible Reporting on Suicide Among Swiss Media Professionals.

Objective: There is limited knowledge about the effects of a workshop intervention on responsible reporting on suicide (RRS) by media professionals. The study aimed to test how a workshop can shape reporting-relevant attitudes and beliefs among media professionals. Method: A pre-postintervention survey of Swiss media professionals (N = 26, 55.7% male, Mage = 38.1, SDage = 12.8, all Swiss nationals) was conducted. All participants received the same intervention and survey questions. The analytical focus was on within-person changes caused by the workshop intervention. Results: Among media professionals, the workshop intervention increased perceived knowledge sufficiency about RRS, raised awareness that RRS can save lives, decreased insecurities related to RRS, and reduced the misperception that there are no clear recommendations about RRS. Limitations: Despite the missing randomization of workshop participants, the repeated measures design allows to speak to the short-term changes in RRS. Conclusion: An RRS workshop intervention has multifaceted positive effects on media professionals. The study found no evidence for unintended effects of the intervention.

Embedded Journalists or Empirical Critics? The Nature of The "Gaze" in Bioethics.

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Media reporting of suicide and adherence to media guidelines.

BACKGROUND: International research consistently shows evidence for an association between sensationalised and detailed media reporting, and suicidal behaviour. AIM: This study examined the quality of media reporting of suicide and adherence to media guidelines in Ireland. METHODS: In accordance with the criteria outlined in the media guidelines for reporting suicide, 243 media articles were screened and analysed for quality of reporting of two high-profile cases of suicide and two cases of suicide that became high profile following a period of intense media coverage that occurred between September 2009 and December 2012. RESULTS: A minority of articles breached the media guidelines in relation to sensationalised language (11.8%), placement of reports on the front page of the newspaper (9.5%), publishing of inappropriate photographs (4.2%) and mention of location of suicide (2.4%), while no articles disclosed the contents of a suicide note. However, in the majority of articles analysed, journalists did not refer to appropriate support services for people vulnerable to, and at risk of suicide (75.8%) or mention wider issues that are related to suicidal behaviour (53.8%). Overemphasis of community grief (48.3%) was also common. Nearly all articles (99.2%) breached at least one guideline and 58.9% of articles breached three or more guidelines. CONCLUSION: Overall, adherence to media guidelines on reporting suicide in Ireland improved in certain key areas from September 2009 until December 2012. Nonetheless, important challenges remain. Increased monitoring by media monitoring agencies, regulators and government departments is required. Implementation should be conducted using a pro-active approach and form part of the curriculum of journalists and editors. The inclusion of guidelines for the reporting of suicidal behaviour in press codes of conduct for journalists warrants consideration.

Ethical issues in publishing in predatory journals.

Predatory journals, or journals that charge an article processing charge (APC) to authors, yet do not have the hallmarks of legitimate scholarly journals such as peer review and editing, Editorial Boards, editorial offices, and other editorial standards, pose a number of new ethical issues in journal publishing. This paper discusses ethical issues around predatory journals and publishing in them. These issues include misrepresentation; lack of editorial and publishing standards and practices; academic deception; research and funding wasted; lack of archived content; and undermining confidence in research literature. It is important that the scholarly community, including authors, institutions, editors, and publishers, support the legitimate scholarly research enterprise, and avoid supporting predatory journals by not publishing in them, serving as their editors or on the Editorial Boards, or permitting faculty to knowingly publish in them without consequences.

Journalism Ethics and the Goldwater Rule in a "Post-Truth" Media World.

This article strongly supports the Goldwater Rule, a position arrived at through an exploration of journalism ethics and practice norms for reporting on public figures, and justified by three claims. First, there is a seldom-acknowledged contradiction in ethics when it comes to journalistic reporting on public figures, one that is increasingly difficult to navigate in the current media climate. Second, the goal of informing and educating the public through offering a professional opinion about the mental health of public figures is often misaligned with the realities of journalistic storytelling. Third, there are ways to inform and educate the public about mental health and public figures that do not violate the Goldwater Rule.

Noticias sobre suicidio en los medios de comunicación. Recomendaciones de la OMS / Reporting on suicide. WHO recommendations for the Media

La exposición inadecuada en los medios de comunicación sobre suicidios puede producir un efecto contagio o efecto Werther, mientras que determinadas características adecuadas pueden tener un efecto protector o efecto Papageno. Por tanto, los medios de comunicación pueden contribuir a la prevención del suicidio. Por ello, la OMS ha elaborado tres documentos con una serie de recomendaciones dirigidas a los profesionales de los medios de comunicación, para el tratamiento de las noticias relacionadas con el suicidio. Sin embargo, solo se ha traducido al español el primero, ambos tienen solapamientos y poseen una estructura diferente. Esto supone que los profesionales de los medios de comunicación de habla hispana en general, y de España en particular, difícilmente pueden tener un acceso a estas recomendaciones de la OMS de una forma clara y concisa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la elaboración y provisión de un texto único y sintético que recogiera las recomendaciones de estos documentos. Para su creación se siguió un procedimiento formal y estructurado, que aunó criterios científicos y lingüísticos. El texto final contiene las recomendaciones agrupadas en tres categorías: "qué hacer", "qué no hacer" y "otras recomendaciones". Este documento puede ser de gran utilidad para los profesionales de los medios de comunicación, para actividades formativas de difusión de tales recomendaciones con finalidad preventiva y para la investigación (AU)

Inappropriate reporting on suicide in the media may lead to a contagious effect or "Werther effect", while appropriate characteristics may have a protective effect or "Papageno effect". Therefore, the media can contribute to the prevention of suicide. For this reason, the WHO has developed three documents with recommendations for media professionals about how to report on suicide. However, only the first one has been translated into Spanish, they have overlaps and have a different structure. Therefore, Spanish-speaking media professionals in general, and Spanish ones in particular, can hardly have access to these WHO recommendations displayed in a clear and concise manner. The objective of this work was the elaboration and provision of a single and concise text that includes the recommendations of these documents. A formal and structured procedure was followed, combining scientific and linguistic criteria. The final text contains the recommendations grouped into three categories: "what to do", "what not to do" and "other recommendations". This document can be very useful for media professionals, for training activities to disseminate such recommendations for preventive purposes, and for research (AU)

Ethical dilemmas, work-related guilt, and posttraumatic stress reactions of news journalists covering the terror attack in Norway in 2011.

News journalists working on crisis-related assignments may experience dilemmas with regard to how to conduct their work without causing additional harm to first-hand victims. In this study, we investigated how exposure to journalistic ethical dilemmas during the Oslo/Utøya terror attack in 2011 and subsequent work-related guilt were related to the development of posttraumatic stress (PTS) reactions. Norwegian journalists (N = 371) covering the terror attack participated in a web-based survey 8-9 months after the incident. We found that females reported more ethical dilemmas during the assignment than males (n = 356, d = 0.51). We also found that being on the scene was not related to more exposure to dilemmas (n = 311, d = 0.01). Moreover, we discovered that work-related guilt had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between exposure to ethical dilemmas and severity of PTS reactions (n = 344, completely standardized indirect effect size = .11, 95% CI [.04, .19]. The results showed that exposure to ethical dilemmas may affect the development of long-term psychological impairment. We concluded that media organizations can prevent postcrisis impairment by preparing employees for possible exposure to dilemmas during crisis-related assignments.

A cirurgia plástica na mídia: o conceito da especialidade veiculado pelos meios de comunicação impressos no Brasil / Plastic surgery in the media: the concept of the specialty, as reported by the print media in Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO A cirurgia plástica, apesar das diversas situações em que atua, tem o caráter estético difundido na sociedade, associado aos ideais de beleza e à busca das pessoas pela perfeição corporal. Atualmente, as medidas corporais são cada vez mais detalhadas, exibidas pela mídia como sucesso nos mais diversos âmbitos sociais. O objetivo do presente estudo será identificar o conceito de cirurgia plástica vinculado aos meios de comunicação impressos do Brasil e disponíveis virtualmente, analisando e descrevendo o tipo de informação veiculada ao público leigo. MÉTODO: Para a coleta de dados, foi realizada busca sistemática de todas as notícias publicadas em meios de comunicação impressos do Brasil e disponíveis virtualmente. Para a busca, utilizamos o descritor "cirurgia plástica" no Portal Interjornal®. Foram incluídas no estudo todas as notícias publicadas entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2011, que contêm o termo "cirurgia plástica". As notícias selecionadas foram lidas e submetidas a um protocolo previamente definido. RESULTADO: Foram analisadas 1983 notícias. Deste total, 1367 (68,94%) foram classificadas como estéticas; 423 (21,33%) como reparadoras; 47 (2,37%) como estéticas e reparadoras, e 146 (7,36%) como não classificáveis. CONCLUSÃO: O conceito da cirurgia plástica veiculado pela mídia está geralmente associado à realização de procedimentos estéticos. Tanto o conteúdo quanto a qualidade das informações disponibilizadas pela mídia são insuficientes para esclarecer o público de forma adequada sobre o verdadeiro papel da especialidade e os cuidados que devem ser tomados ao se submeter a qualquer tipo de procedimento cirúrgico.

INTRODUCTION Besides the diverse situations in which plastic surgery is performed, the procedure has an aesthetic character associated with societal issues, related to the ideals of beauty and to the search for body perfection. Currently, specific body measurements are increasingly being given importance, and shown by the media as being associated with success at diverse social levels. The objective of this study was to identify the concept of plastic surgery, as reported by the print media in Brazil and available in the virtual environment, by analyzing and describing the type of information that is reported to the general public. METHOD: For the data collection, a systematic search was performed on all news articles published by the print media in Brazil and available in the virtual environment. For the search, the descriptor used was "cirurgia plástica" ("plastic surgery" in English) in Portal Interjornal®. All news articles containing the term "plastic surgery" published between January 2008 and December 2011 were included in the study. The selected news articles were read and subjected to a previously established protocol. RESULTS: A total of 1983 news articles were analyzed. From this total, 1367 (68.94%) were classified as aesthetic related, 423 (21.33%) as being associated with reparative surgery, 47 (2.37%) as aesthetic and reparative, and 146 (7.36%) as undetermined. CONCLUSION: The concept of plastic surgery reported by the media was generally associated with aesthetic surgery. Both the content and the quality of information provided by the media are not enough to adequately clarify to the public the real role of the specialty and the care that should be taken when undergoing any type of surgical procedure.

Clinicians and journalists responding to disasters.

OBJECTIVE: Mass casualty events pose dilemmas for community clinicians, often challenging their existing clinical toolkits. However, few clinicians were trained to be experts in explaining the unfolding events to the community, creating resources, and interacting with journalists. The objective of this article is to explain knowledge, skills, and attitudes that mental health professionals need to consider when working with journalists, especially those covering children affected by disaster. METHODS: In service of these objectives, this article reviews controversies, evidence, and best practices to facilitate effective collaborations and consultations with journalists. Advice includes information on how to be a good source to journalists. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians can ethically and effectively help journalists tell accurate and compelling stories about the psychological effects of disasters when they understand and respect the aims, culture, and ethics of journalism.

Ethics of the profession of public relations--does the public relations affects on journalism in Croatia?

The UK's leading professional body for public relations "Chartered Institute of Public Relations" (CIPR) said that the public relations is about reputation--they are the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you. Furthermore CIPR says that public relations are discipline whose objectives are safeguarding reputation, establishing understanding and pot pores, and the impact on the thinking and behavior of the public. Although the primary goal of public relations is to preserve and build a reputation, to tell the truth to a customer who has hired experts in this area, it seems that in its own way of development, public relations practitioners have stopped worrying about their reputation and the perception of the discipline within the public they address. All relevant professional bodies for public relations, including the Croatian Association for Public Relation (HUOJ), had set up codes of ethics and high standards according which the members and practitioners should be evaluated. Among other things stays that practitioner of public relations is required to check the reliability and accuracy of the data prior to their distribution and nurture honesty and accountability to the public interest. It seems that right this instruction of code of ethics has been often violated. In a public speech in Croatia, and therefore in the media, exist manipulation, propaganda, and all the techniques of spin, which practitioners of public relations are skillfully using in the daily transfer of information to the users and target groups. The aim of this paper is to determine what is the perception of the profession to the public. As in today's journalism increasingly present plume of public relations, we wish to comment on the part where journalism ends and begins PR and vice versa. In this paper, we analyze and compare codes of ethics ethics associations for public relations, as well as codes of ethics journalists' associations, in order to answer the question of where the boundaries of public relations and journalism are. Where one ends and the other begins, and the extent to which these two professions touch and affect each other. Is manipulation and spin present in the media, that is the questions that we seek the answer in this paper.