Encefalopatia espongiforme e príon inseridos em discussão de caso como decorrência do interrogatório meticuloso consecutivo à anamnese / Spongiform encephalopathy prion and inserted into case discussion as a result of meticulous interrogation subsequent to the interview

Contexto e objetivo: Revelações surpreendentes resultam do interrogatório, consecutivo à anamnese, promovendo considerações que enriquecem o conhecimento de professor e aluno.Estudo e local: Ensino curricular de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias na Enfermaria do Departamento de Medicina da Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo.Método: Programa para ensino de doutorandos e residentes sobre possíveis diagnósticos de pacientes recém-admitidos, com participação dos docentes ativos e dos aposentados, em atuação voluntária.Resultado: Exemplificação de como um por menor na história do doente pode ampliar o ensino.Conclusão: É conveniente proceder interrogatório detalhista que direcione a diagnose.

[Prions, infections and confusions in the "transmissible" spongiform encephalopathies. The other evidence-based science. III. Review]. / Priones, infecciones y confusiones en las encefalopatías espongiformes "trasmisibles". Ciencia basada en la otra evidencia III. Revisión.

There are some neurological disorders with a pathological hallmark called spongiosis which include Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and its new variant, the Gertsmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome and the Fatal Familial Insomnia in humans; and Scrapie and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, among others, in animals. The etiological agent has been considered either transmissible or hereditary or both. Curiously, this agent has no nucleic acids, is impossible to filter, is resistant to inactivation by chemical means, has not been cultured and is unobservable at electron microscopy. All of these facts have led to some researches to claim that these agents are similar to viruses appearing in computers. However, after almost fifty years of research, is still not possible to explain why and how such elements produce the diseases commented about. On the contrary, during these years have been possible to know that these entities called slow viral infections, transmissible amyloidosis, transmissible dementia, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases appear in individuals with genetical predispositions exposed to several worldwide immunological stressors. The possibility that prions are the consequence and not the cause of these diseases in animals and man is day by day more reliable, and supports the suggestion that a systematic intoxication due to pesticides as well as mycotoxin ingestion, produced mainly by different molds such as Aspergillus, Penicillium or Fusarium, seem to be the true etiology of these neurodegenerative disorders.