Regeneration Potential of Lymphoid Tissue of Small Intestine in Mice after Exposure to Low-Intensity Radiation.

Number and size of aggregated lymphoid nodules in the small intestine of mice exposed to radiation using a γ-irradiation unit GOBO-60 with 137Cs source were measured using the methods of visual microscopy and morphometry. Morphological status of the nodules was estimated on days 4, 28, 60, and 90 after the exposure. Significant changes were observed in the lymphoid system of the small intestine after exposure to low-intensity radiation. The size of aggregated lymphoid nodules decreased and the relative number of cells with degenerative changes increased. Regenerative processes were observed as soon as on day 4 of the rehabilitation period. However, the number and sizes of aggregated lymphoid nodules (length, width, and section area), and the ratio of lymphoid nodules with germinal center were still lower than in the control. The number of cells forming lymphoid interstitial plaques was close to the control on days 28-90 of the rehabilitation process.

[The use of drinking sulfate mineral water in combination with laser and magnetic-laser irradiation for primary prophylaxis of post-radiation disorders(experimental study)].

Experiments on laboratory rats have demonstrated that prophylactic use of drinkable sulfate mineral water in combination with laser and magnetolaser irradiation of adrenal glands produces a radioprotecive effect that was especially well apparent in the liver and less so in the testes. Simultaneously, the functional activity of the thymus decreased. Protection of the liver by the combination of the above factors was more pronounced than the effect of each of them applied separately.

Lung tissue regeneration after induced injury in Runx3 KO mice.

Runx3 is essential for normal murine lung development, and Runx3 knockout (KO) mice, which die soon after birth, exhibit alveolar hyperplasia. Wound healing, tissue repair, and regeneration mechanisms are necessary in humans for proper early lung development. Previous studies have reported that various signaling molecules, such as pErk, Tgf-beta1, CCSP, pJnk, Smad3, and HSP70 are closely related to wound healing. In order to confirm the relationship between lung defects caused by the loss of function of Runx3 and wound healing, we have localized various wound-healing markers after laser irradiation in wild-type and in Runx3 KO mouse lungs at post-natal day 1. Our results indicate that pERK, Tgf-beta1, CCSP, pJnk, and HSP70 are dramatically down-regulated by loss of Runx3 during lung wound healing. However, Smad3 is up-regulated in the Runx3 KO laser-irradiated lung region. Therefore, the lung wound-healing mechanism is inhibited in the Runx3 KO mouse, which shows abnormal lung architecture, by reduced pErk, Tgf-beta1, CCSP, pJnk, and HSP70 and by induced Smad3.

Amphiregulin promotes intestinal epithelial regeneration: roles of intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts.

Epidermal growth factor family plays critical roles in intestinal epithelial proliferation and differentiation. The precise function of amphiregulin (AREG), a member of the epidermal growth factor family, in intestinal biology is largely unknown. The present study attempted to address the functional roles of AREG in intestinal epithelial regeneration. Total body irradiation was performed, and intestinal regeneration was assessed in AREG knockout mice. Genetically disruption of AREG significantly impaired intestinal regeneration after radiation injury. It is known that prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) exerts radio-protective and growth-stimulatory effects on intestinal epithelium. We found that PGE(2) radio-protective action did not involve AREG. However, PGE(2) growth-stimulatory effects required functional AREG. Localization of AREG expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in regenerative intestine. The immunoreactivity of AREG was predominantly localized in intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMF). Primary ISEMF cultures were established, and growth-stimulatory actions of ISEMF-generated AREG were demonstrated in cell coculture system. In addition, we found that the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway robustly induced AREG in cultured ISEMF. These studies suggest that AREG plays critical roles in intestinal epithelial growth. Modulation of levels of AREG by targeting ISEMF represents a novel strategy for treatment of certain intestinal disorders.

Connective tissue growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 2 show upregulation in early growth plate radiorecovery response following irradiation.

INTRODUCTION: The growth plate response following radiotherapy is poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the changes in growth plate growth factors and cytokines following irradiation. The hypothesis was that a limited number of growth factors and cytokines play a role in growth plate proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocyte radio-recovery. METHODS: The right limbs of 6 rats were irradiated (17.5 Gy), leaving the left limbs as controls. Limbs were harvested 1 (n = 3) and 2 (n = 3) weeks later. Microarrays were constructed from chondrocytes obtained by laser microdissection from the proliferative zone (PZ) and the hypertrophic zone (HZ) of normal and irradiated tibia growth plates. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the expression of parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (Pthr1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R), insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2), interleukin 17beta (IL17b) and chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: IGF2 is upregulated in the PZ and CTGF is upregulated in both the PZ and HZ 1 week after irradiation, prior to the histomorphometric appearance of growth plate recovery in this immature animal radiation model, supporting their role in stimulating early return of the growth plate. By 2 weeks after irradiation, a number of growth factors and cytokines, including CTGF and Pthr1 in both zones, CXCL12 and its receptor in the PZ, and IL17b and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the HZ, show upregulation, suggesting a possible later role in radiorecovery. The effects of irradiation on Pthr1, CTGF, IGF2 and CXCL12 in PZ and Pthr1, CTGF, IL17b and IGF1R in the HZ determined by microarray and real-time RT-PCR was highly correlated (r = 0.797, p < 0.05 in the PZ and r = 0.875, p < 0.01 in the HZ, respectively).

[Spermatogenesis in rats given potable sulfated mineral water in the early postradiation period]. / Sostoianie spermatogeneza u krys pri primenenii pit'evoi sul'fatnoi mineral'noi vody v rannem postradiatsionnom periode.

Rat experiments have shown that course intake (21 days) of sulphate sodium-magnesium-calcium water with sulphate concentration 2.6 mg/l and mineralization 3.1 g/l in early postradiation period (1-2 Gy) inhibits development of dystrophic and destructive processes in spermatogenic epithelium of the testes and maintains spermatogenesis at higher level than control.

[The action of sulfate mineral water in experimental whole-body irradiation]. / Deistvie sul'fatnoi mineral'noi vody pri obshchem radiatsionnom obluchenii v éksperimente.

The authors' experiments have shown that a course intake of sulfate mineral water after total radiation (1 and 5 Gy) can prevent and minimize dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the liver, stimulate intracellular regeneration, reduce pathological mitoses in the small intestine. The response depended on radiation dose and time of crenotherapy start after radiation. Sulfate mineral water is also a weak radioprotector.

[Postradiation recovery processes in the body with the internal use of iodine-containing waters]. / Postradiatsionnye vosstanovitel'nye protsessy v organizme pri vnutrennem primeneniem iodsoderzhashchikh vod.

It is shown that both natural and dissolved iodine-bromine water given in courses to animals preexposed to 1 Gy gamma radiation promotes recovery of the damaged processes in the body. The therapeutic action of natural mineral water proved more beneficial because such water contains more iodine and minerals.

[The experimental and clinical antianemia efficacy of the chalybeate waters from the Skhodnitsa springs]. / Antianemicheskaia éffektivnost' zhelezistykh vod Skhodnitskogo mestorozhdeniia v éksperimente i klinike.

Low-mineral waters of Skhodnitsa [correction of Skhodnitsky] springs N 13 and N 15 rich in iron, silicon and manganese were tried for an antianemic effect. The latter was registered clinically and experimentally.

[Healing of experimental wounds under the effect of x-ray irradiation at high altitude]. / Zazhivlenie eksperimental'nykh ran pod vozdeistviem rentgenovskogo oblucheniia v usloviiakh vysokogor'ia.

Experiments were conducted on 969 mature rabbits; combined radiation injury (in general irradiation with 500 r and even more so in local irradiation with 2000 r) inflicated during the first two adaptation phases (particularly the first one) to the high altitide (3379 and 3640 m above the sea level) led to more profound morphological changes in the tissues and to the greater delay in the healing of the penetrating wounds on the pinna than in the valley (820 m above the sea level).