Herniación de intestino delgado a través de defecto en el ligamento ancho de origen idiopático en paciente sin antecedentes quirúrgicos / Herniation of the small intestine through a defect in the broad ligament of idiopathic origin in a patient without surgical history

Las hernias intestinales a través de defectos en el ligamento ancho son un cuadro clínico poco frecuente y de difícil diagnóstico. La sospecha diagnóstica y el tratamiento precoz de esta entidad son de vital importancia. Su etiología está ampliamente relacionada con intervenciones quirúrgicas previas y traumatismos asociados a gestaciones y partos previos. Tanto la clínica como las determinaciones analíticas asociadas a esta patología son inespecíficas; siendo la tomografía axial computarizada la prueba de imagen complementaria de elección para el diagnóstico y valoración de la viabilidad de los órganos afectados herniados. Históricamente la resolución de las hernias se asociaba al abordaje laparotómico. Hoy en día sabemos que las vías de abordaje mínimamente invasivas, como la laparoscópica, son factibles, y deben ser la primera elección, pudiendo además aportar beneficios en términos de recuperación y postoperatorio favorable. Presentamos el caso clínico de una hernia interna de intestino delgado a través de un defecto del ligamento ancho izquierdo, en una paciente sin antecedentes quirúrgicos ni traumáticos previos, cuyo diagnóstico y resolución requirió de la realización de una laparotomía exploradora

Intestinal hernias through the broad ligament are a rare entity and difficult to diagnose. The diagnostic suspicion and early treatment are of vital importance. Its aetiology is widely associated with previous surgical interventions and trauma associated with previous pregnancies and deliveries. Both the clinical and the analytical tests associated with this entity are non-specific. Computed axial tomography is the complementary imaging test of choice for the diagnosis and assessment of the viability of the organs involved in the hernia. Historically, the resolution of hernias was associated with the laparotomy approach. Nowadays, it is known that the use of the minimum invasion by laparoscopy is feasible, and should be of first choice, and may also provide benefits in recovery and a more favourable post-operative period. A clinical case is presented of an internal hernia of the small intestine, through a defect of the left broad ligament, in a patient with no prior surgical or traumatic history, in which the diagnosis and resolution of the condition involved the performing of an exploratory laparotomy

Angiomyolipoma of the broad ligament

Angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of the renal parenchyma, accounting for 1% of all renal parenchymal tumors. However, this entity may rarely occur in extrarenal sites. Extrarenal angiomyolipoma has been documented in various sites of the body, but angiomyolipoma of the broad ligament was reported in only two cases. We report the reputed third case of angiomyolipoma of the broad ligament in a 33-year-old female, who presented clinically with abdominal distension. With a working diagnosis of low-grade neoplasm, an en-bloc excision of the left broad ligament mass was performed. Based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis of the classical variant of angiomyolipoma of the left broad ligament was made. The post-operative period was uneventful with no recurrence after 6 months of follow-up.

Primary broad ligament adenocarcinoma

Primary broad ligament carcinoma is a very rare occurrence with 28 reported cases worldwide, to date. The epidemiology, treatment strategy and prognosis are still uncertain because of the scarcity of cases. Currently, all broad ligament carcinomas are managed similar to epithelial ovarian cancer. We report the case of a 43-year-old female with a prolonged complaint of abdominal pain and intermittent urinary retention, requiring frequent catheterization. She was diagnosed with obstructive right hydroureteronephrosis. The abdominal Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) revealed a well-defined heterogeneous lesion of 2.1х3х3.2cm size in the right lateral and posterior wall of the cervix. An ultrasound (USG)-guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of the mass was done and it was suspected to be malignant. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymph-nodal sampling, and peritoneal washing. Histological examination depicted an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the broad ligament. She received adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by hormonal therapy. It has been five years since her surgery, and she is now alive and disease free.

Bowel obstruction caused by broad ligament hernia sucessfully repaired by laparoscopy.

Internal hernais are rare bowel obstructions. We present a case of small bowel obstruction in a 37-year-old woman caused by internal herniation through a defect in broad ligament, which was managed by laparoscopic surgery.

The complicated Allen-Masters syndrome: small bowel herniation through a broad ligament defect.

Small bowel obstruction through a broad ligament defect is a very rare condition. We present 2 cases, one without any associated abdominal trauma. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition is of paramount importance.

Bilateral hydrosalpinx with asynchronous tubal torsion: an exceptional finding in a premenarcheal girl.

Bilateral hydrosalpinx with asynchronous tubal torsion is an extraordinary event in young girls. This report describes the problems associated with misdiagnosis, therapeutic approach, and the risk of suboptimal treatment of this rare clinical entity in a 13-year-old girl.

Unexpected findings at diagnostic laparoscopy: caecal incarceration with concurrent appendicitis in a patient with bilateral broad ligament defects.

Internal herniations through broad ligament defects are very rare. We present the first report of the triad of broad ligament defect, internal herniation of the caecum and appendicitis. A 36-year-old woman with phocomelia presented with right iliac fossa pain and vomiting. The patient had no previous history of trauma or surgery. Abdominal ultrasound showed a small amount of free fluid. At laparoscopy, bilateral broad ligament defects were found, with herniation of the caecum and an inflamed appendix through the right-sided defect. A laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy was required for reduction of the herniated bowel, and an appendicectomy was performed. Broad ligament defects may be congenital or acquired. In this case, in light of the limb abnormality and absence of previous surgery, a congenital aetiology is more likely. Ultrasound scan is not reliable and, although computed tomography may be of help, a diagnostic laparoscopy is the best investigation.

[A case report of internal hernia through an abnormal defect in the broad ligament of the uterus].

We report a rare case of internal hernia through an abnormal defect in the broad ligament of the uterus. A 49-year-old woman, without any previous surgery, was admitted because of vomiting and lower abdominal pain. Three days after admission a small amount of small intestinal gas was pointed out on her plain abdominal X-ray film. An enema examination by ileus tube revealed a pooling of gastrografin on the left side of the pelvic cavity, showing an obstruction of the ileum. Therefore, an emergency operation was performed, whereupon we found an abnormal defect in the left broad ligament of the uterus. This case describes an internal hernia through an abnormal defect in a female ileus patient without a history of surgery.

Uterus-like mass in the left broad ligament misdiagnosed as a malformation of the uterus: a case report of a rare condition and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a rare extrauterine mass of an unknown origin that was composed of smooth muscle with a central cavity lined by endometrium, which resembled a uterus. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Academic teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): A 17-year-old girl with severe dysmenorrhea was found to have a uterus-like mass composed of smooth muscle and lined by endometrium in the left broad ligament. INTERVENTION(S): Abdominal surgery. RESULT(S): The mass was successfully removed surgically, and her dysmenorrhea resolved. Histopathological examination revealed that the uterus-like mass was composed of smooth muscle with a cavity lined by endometrial glands and stroma. CONCLUSION(S): The histogenesis of a uterus-like mass is theorized to be a Müllerian system anomaly, metaplastic change, and/or heterotopia. We believe metaplasia is the most likely cause in this case. Alhough rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dysmenorrhea of uncertain etiology.

Laparoscopic treatment of incarcerated hernia through right broad ligament in patients with bilateral parametrium defects.

We present the first case reported in the literature of small bowel obstruction due to internal incarcerated hernia through a diagnosed bilateral broad ligament defect, and treated by laparoscopy. A 36-year-old white woman, gravida 0, para 0, was admitted to our hospital with intestinal obstruction symptoms. A laparoscopic approach was performed with 3 trocars and internal incarcerated hernia due to a defect in the right broad ligament was found. There was a similar defect in the left broad ligament. The small bowel, once reduced, appeared viable. Closure of both defects was carried out by laparoscopy with 2-0 monofilament absorbable running suture. The patient's postoperative course was unremarkable and she was discharged from the hospital 4 days after the surgical procedure. The classification of defect was a bilateral fenestrae type I defect. Congenital ethiology is plausible because of the presence of bilateral defects and the absence of surgical trauma, pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis in the clinical history.

Laparoscopic management of small bowel incarceration caused by a broad ligament defect: report of a case.

We report the case of a 94-year-old woman who presented with signs of a small bowel obstruction many years after an appendectomy. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed discontinuity of the small bowel at a point next to the uterus. We made a provisional diagnosis of an internal hernia through a defect in the broad ligament and performed laparoscopic exploration, which revealed a viable ileal loop incarcerated through the broad ligament. Thus, CT scan may be useful for diagnosing this type of defect preoperatively, whereby open surgery can be avoided.

[Strangulation of the small bowel due to a defect in the broad ligament]. / Tyndtarmsstrangulation i defekt i ligamentum latum uteri.

A defect in the broad ligament may be congenital or acquired. Due to such a defect, an internal hernia may develop. This usually involves the small bowel. We report a case of internal herniation of the small bowel due to a defect in the broad ligament diagnosed perioperatively. Computerized tomography is helpful in preoperative diagnosis of the condition and should be considered if the condition is suspected clinically. The defect should be closed surgically.

[Adnexal defect identified with hysterosalpingogram and laparoscopy during infertility evaluation]. / Anomalie annexielle physiologique découverte lors d'une hystérosalpingographie et laparoscopie pour bilan d'infertilité.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a previously unreported adnexal defect as a cause of an abnormal hysterosalpingogram (HSG), identified during infertility evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An abnormal hysterosalpingogram (HSG) consistent with partial left tubal obstruction or hydrosalpynx was identified during the evaluation of a 33 year-old nulligravida with no prior surgical history. At laparoscopy, the diagnosis was revised when a approximately 3x4cm regular, ovoid, physiologic aperture was noted in the central aspect of the left broad ligament in the region corresponding to the HSG defect. The lesion was explored but not repaired. Bilateral tubal patency was confirmed via indigo carmine chromopertubation. RESULTS: Ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination were undertaken based on findings at surgery and careful discussion of same with the couple. The patient successfully conceived and had a normal term delivery. CONCLUSION: While HSG abnormalities discovered during infertility assessment are not unusual, intrinsic or de novo peritoneal defects have not been described previously. Abnormal radiographic findings may be explained by this lesion in selected cases.

[Defect of the broad ligament as a cause of internal hernia]. / Un difetto del legamento largo dell'utero causa di ernia interna.

Herniation of small bowel trough a defect of the broad ligament is an extremely rare event, more over in women never had surgical operations. Pathogenetic hypothesis are considered. Differential diagnosis may be difficult. The Authors report a recent observation of such small bowel herniation trough the left mesosalpynx.

Jejunal obstruction and perforation resulting from herniation through broad ligament.

Internal herniation of small bowel through broad ligament causing obstruction is rare. A case of jejunal herniation through broad ligament defect with resultant obstruction and perforation is presented.