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1.
Vet Res Commun ; 48(1): 591-596, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37737468

RESUMO

Bacterial infections and resistance to antibiotics are increasingly severe problems. In recent years, Staphylococcus species have emerged as important pathogens in animals and humans. Current therapeutic methods against these species have serious disadvantages; therefore new agents with antibacterial potential, such as plant-based substances, are very important in therapy. We report a pilot study with new method of fractioning the dehydrogenate polymer DHP obtained from coniferyl alcohol and application of the low-MW fractions of 200-3000 Da for antibacterial activity in healing animal lesions. In vivo experiments were conducted on the dogs having a skin lesion. Dogs were treated with the suspension containing the low-MW DHP fractions as the active ingredient, in combination with alginate for 7 days. Cytological smears and microbiological analyses of the affected area were performed. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from lesions in all dogs from our research. The results show that the low-MW DHP suspension in alginate promotes skin healing and reduction of the infection of the lesions in the affected animals. Pharmaceutical composition containing the low-MW DHP fractions exerts a soothing effect on the subject in wound treatment. Reduction in the number of bacteria by 30% and more were noticed in 6 dogs, while in 4 dogs this percentage is above 50%. No side effects were noticed. Synthesized lignin oligomers may have a significant place as antimicrobial and skin healing agents, especially since an increasing number of multidrug-resistant staphylococci are found on the skin lesions in animals.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Dermatopatias , Animais , Cães , Alginatos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Lignina/farmacologia , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Peso Molecular , Projetos Piloto , Polímeros , Dermatopatias/veterinária
2.
ACS Nano ; 17(24): 24696-24709, 2023 Dec 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38051295

RESUMO

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks myelin. Although systemic immunosuppressive agents have been used to treat MS, long-term treatment with these drugs causes undesirable side effects such as altered glucose metabolism, insomnia, and hypertension. Herein, we propose a tolerogenic therapeutic vaccine to treat MS based on lignin nanoparticles (LNP) with intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capacity derived from their phenolic moieties. The LNP loaded with autoantigens of MS allowed for inducing tolerogenic DCs with low-level expression of costimulatory molecules while presenting antigenic peptides. Intravenous injection of an LNP-based tolerogenic vaccine into an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model led to durable antigen-specific immune tolerance via inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs). Autoreactive T helper type 1 cells, T helper type 17 cells, and inflammatory antigen presentation cells (APCs) were suppressed in the central nervous system (CNS), ameliorating ongoing MS in early and late disease states. Additionally, the incorporation of dexamethasone into an LNP-based tolerogenic nanovaccine could further improve the recovery of EAE mice in the severe chronic stage. As lignin is the most abundant biomass and waste byproduct in the pulping industry, a lignin-based tolerogenic vaccine could be a novel, cost-effective, high-value vaccine platform with potent therapeutic efficiency in treating autoimmune diseases.


Assuntos
Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental , Esclerose Múltipla , Vacinas , Camundongos , Animais , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Nanovacinas , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/uso terapêutico , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
3.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 249: 126013, 2023 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37517761

RESUMO

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a transracial and cross-gender disease worldwide with a higher prevalence among young individuals. Traditional oral or subcutaneous injections are often used to treat AGA, however, they may cause severe side-effects and therefore effective treatments for AGA are currently lacking. In this work, to treat AGA, we developed a composite paste system based on minoxidil (MXD)-loaded nanoparticles and valproic acid (VPA) with the assistance of roller-microneedles (roller-MNs). The matrix of composite paste systems is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The roller-MNs can create microchannels in the skin to enhance drug transdermal efficiency. With the combined effects of the stimulation hair follicle (HF) regrowth by upregulating Wnt/beta-catenin of VPA and the mechanical microchannels induced by roller-MNs, the as-prepared composite paste systems successfully boost perifollicular vascularization, and activate hair follicle stem cells, thereby inducing notably faster hair regeneration at a lower administration frequency on AGA mouse model compared with minoxidil. This approach offers several benefits, including the avoidance of efficacy loss due to the liver's first-pass effect associated with oral drug, reduction in the risk of infection from subcutaneous injection, and significant decrease in the side effects of lower-dose MXD.


Assuntos
Minoxidil , Nanopartículas , Animais , Camundongos , Minoxidil/farmacologia , Minoxidil/uso terapêutico , Ácido Valproico/farmacologia , Ácido Hialurônico/uso terapêutico , Povidona , Carboximetilcelulose Sódica/uso terapêutico , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Alopecia/tratamento farmacológico , Alopecia/induzido quimicamente , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Adv Healthc Mater ; 12(19): e2300024, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36964966

RESUMO

Lignin is a nontoxic and biocompatible biopolymer with many promising characteristics, including a high tensile strength and antioxidant properties. This natural polymer can be processed through several chemical methods and modified into lignin nanomaterials for potential biomedical applications. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanolignin (NL)-based biomaterials for cancer therapy; various NL applications related to cancer therapy are considered, including drug and gene delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. The manuscript also outlines the potential use of these materials to improve the therapeutic potency of chemotherapeutic drugs by decreasing their dose and reducing their adverse effects. Due to its high surface area-to-volume ratio and the easy modification of its chemical components, NL could serve as an appropriate matrix for the binding and controlled release of various pharmaceutical agents. Moreover, the challenges in the utilization of NL-based materials for cancer therapy are discussed, along with the prospects of advances in such nanomaterials for medical research applications.


Assuntos
Nanoestruturas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Lignina/química , Nanoestruturas/uso terapêutico , Nanoestruturas/química , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico
5.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 231: 123339, 2023 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36682648

RESUMO

The Amazon rainforest is considered the largest tropical timber reserve in the world. The management of native forests in the Amazon is one of the most sensitive geopolitical issues today, given its national and international dimension. In this work, we obtained and characterized physicochemical lignins extracted from branches and leaves of Protium puncticulatum and Scleronema micranthum. In addition, we evaluated in vitro its potential as an antioxidant, cytotoxic agent against animal cells and antiparasitic against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, trypomastigotes of T. cruzi and against Plasmodium falciparum parasites sensitive and resistant to chloroquine. The results showed that the lignins obtained are of the GSH type and have higher levels of guaiacyl units. However, they show structural differences as shown by spectroscopic analysis and radar charts. As for biological activities, they showed antioxidant potential and low cytotoxicity against animal cells. Antileishmanial/trypanocidal assays have shown that lignins can inhibit the growth of promastigotes and trypomastigotes in vitro. The lignins in this study showed low anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity against susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum and were able to inhibit the growth of the chloroquine-resistant strain. And were not able to inhibit the growth of Schistosoma mansoni parasites. Finally, lignins proved to be promising excipients in the release of benznidazole. These findings show the potential of these lignins not yet studied to promote different biological activities.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animais , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Excipientes , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Cloroquina
6.
ACS Nano ; 17(1): 811-824, 2023 01 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36521055

RESUMO

Oral drug delivery is a common route for management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but suffers from low bioavailability and systemic side effects during passage through the alimentary canal. Here, we present a therapeutic nano reagent of a ferulic acid-derived lignin nanoparticle (FALNP). We showed that FALNP with favorable antioxidant activity can regulate IBD. More importantly, the intestinal pH-responsive degradability of FALNP allows it to withstand the harsh gastric acid environment, bypass physiological barriers, and target the intestine for gastrointestinal delivery. In vivo experiments showed that oral administration of FALNP markedly relieved pathological symptoms in a mouse model of acute colitis by reducing oxidative stress and regulating the gut microbiome. By integrating anti-inflammatory medicine, FALNP also can be used as a bioactive carrier to exert a potent synergistic therapeutic effect. In addition to colitis, FALNP can be readily adaptable for use as a carrier platform for therapy of many other intestinal diseases.


Assuntos
Colite , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Animais , Camundongos , Portadores de Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Indicadores e Reagentes , Ácido Gástrico , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Intestinos/patologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio
7.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 212: 547-560, 2022 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35643155

RESUMO

Lignin, the most abundant natural and sustainable phenolic compound in biomass, has exhibited medicinal values due to its biological activities decided by physicochemical properties. Recently, the lignin and its derivatives (such as lignosulfonates and lignosulfonate) have been proven efficient in regulating cellular process and the extracellular microenvironment, which has been regarded as the key factor in disease progression. In orthopaedic diseases, especially the degenerative diseases represented by osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, excessive activated inflammation has been proven as a key stage in the pathological process. Due to the excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial and antioxidative activities of lignin and its derivatives, they have been applied to stimulate cells and restore the uncoupling bone remodeling in the degenerative orthopaedic diseases. However, there is a lack of a systemic review to state the current research actuality of lignin and lignin-derived compounds in treating degenerative orthopaedic diseases. Herein, we summarized the current application of lignin and lignin-derived compounds in orthopaedic diseases and proposed their possible therapeutic mechanism in treating degenerative orthopaedic diseases. It is hoped this work could guide the future preparation of lignin/lignin-derived drugs and implants as available therapeutic strategies for clinically degenerative orthopaedic diseases.


Assuntos
Lignina , Ortopedia , Biomassa , Lignina/farmacologia , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Fenóis
8.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 208: 819-832, 2022 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35364209

RESUMO

As an abundant biopolymer, lignin gains interest owing to its renewable nature and polyphenolic structure. It possesses many biological activities such as antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility. Studies are being carried out to relate the biological activities to the polyphenolic structures. These traits present lignin as a natural compound being used in biomedical field. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are being investigated for safe use in drug and gene delivery, and lignin-based hydrogels are being explored as wound dressing materials, in tissue engineering and 3D printing. In addition, lignin and its derivatives have shown the potential to treat diabetic disease. This review summarizes latest research results on the biological activities of lignin and highlights potential applications exampled by selective studies. It helps to transform lignin from a waste material into valuable materials and products.


Assuntos
Lignina , Nanopartículas , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Hidrogéis/química , Hidrogéis/uso terapêutico , Lignina/química , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Nanopartículas/química , Engenharia Tecidual
9.
Bioengineered ; 13(2): 2139-2172, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35034543

RESUMO

Interest in functional food, such as non-digestible prebiotic oligosaccharides is increasing day by day and their production is shifting toward sustainable manufacturing. Due to the presence of high carbohydrate content, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is the most-potential, cost-effective and sustainable substrate for production of many useful products, including lignocellulose-derived prebiotic oligosaccharides (LDOs). These have the same worthwhile properties as other common oligosaccharides, such as short chain carbohydrates digestible to the gut flora but not to humans mainly due to their resistance to the low pH and high temperature and their demand is constantly increasing mainly due to increased awareness about their potential health benefits. Despite several advantages over the thermo-chemical route of synthesis, comprehensive and updated information on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to prebiotic oligomers via controlled enzymatic saccharification is not available in the literature. Thus, the main objective of this review is to highlight recent advancements in enzymatic synthesis of LDOs, current challenges, and future prospects of sustainably producing prebiotic oligomers via enzymatic hydrolysis of LCB substrates. Enzyme reaction engineering practices, custom-made enzyme preparations, controlled enzymatic hydrolysis, and protein engineering approaches have been discussed with regard to their applications in sustainable synthesis of lignocellulose-derived oligosaccharide prebiotics. An overview of scale-up aspects and market potential of LDOs has also been provided.


Assuntos
Biomassa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Lignina , Oligossacarídeos , Prebióticos , Humanos , Lignina/química , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Oligossacarídeos/química , Oligossacarídeos/uso terapêutico
10.
J Vis Exp ; (169)2021 03 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33779613

RESUMO

Pretreatment is still the most expensive step in lignocellulosic biorefinery processes. It must be made cost-effective by minimizing chemical requirements as well as power and heat consumption and by using environment-friendly solvents. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are key, green, and low-cost solvents in sustainable biorefineries. They are transparent mixtures characterized by low freezing points resulting from at least one hydrogen bond donor and one hydrogen bond acceptor. Although DESs are promising solvents, it is necessary to combine them with an economic heating technology, such as microwave irradiation, for competitive profitability. Microwave irradiation is a promising strategy to shorten the heating time and boost fractionation because it can rapidly attain the appropriate temperature. The aim of this study was to develop a one-step, rapid method for biomass fractionation and lignin extraction using a low-cost and biodegradable solvent. In this study, a microwave-assisted DES pretreatment was conducted for 60 s at 800 W, using three kinds of DESs. The DES mixtures were facilely prepared from choline chloride (ChCl) and three hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs): a monocarboxylic acid (lactic acid), a dicarboxylic acid (oxalic acid), and urea. This pretreatment was used for biomass fractionation and lignin recovery from marine residues (Posidonia leaves and aegagropile), agri-food byproducts (almond shells and olive pomace), forest residues (pinecones), and perennial lignocellulosic grasses (Stipa tenacissima). Further analyses were conducted to determine the yield, purity, and molecular weight distribution of the recovered lignin. In addition, the effect of DESs on the chemical functional groups in the extracted lignin was determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the ChCl-oxalic acid mixture affords the highest lignin purity and the lowest yield. The present study demonstrates that the DES-microwave process is an ultrafast, efficient, and cost-competitive technology for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation.


Assuntos
Lignina/uso terapêutico , Animais
11.
Biomaterials ; 230: 119601, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31711715

RESUMO

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders worldwide. Oxidative stress initiated by excessive free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a leading cause of cartilage degradation and OA. However, conventional injection or oral intake of antioxidants usually cannot provide effective treatment due to rapid clearance and degradation or low bioavailability. Here, a new strategy is proposed based on nanofibers made of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL-grafted lignin (PCL-g-lignin) copolymer. Lignin offers intrinsic antioxidant activity while PCL tailors the mechanical properties. Electrospun PCL-lignin nanofibers show excellent antioxidant activity, low cytotoxicity and excellent anti-inflammatory effects as demonstrated using both H2O2-stimulated human chondrocytes and an OA rabbit model. PCL-lignin nanofibers inhibit ROS generation and activate antioxidant enzymes through autophagic mechanism. Arthroscopic implantation of nanofibrous membrane of PCL-lignin is effective to OA therapy because it is biocompatible, biodegradable and able to provide sustained antioxidant activity.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Lignina , Nanofibras , Osteoartrite , Poliésteres , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Nanofibras/uso terapêutico , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Poliésteres/uso terapêutico , Coelhos , Engenharia Tecidual , Alicerces Teciduais
12.
Adv Nutr ; 10(6): 1108-1119, 2019 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31115436

RESUMO

There have been various clinical studies on the effect of flaxseed-derived products on circulating inflammatory biomarkers, but the findings from these are contradictory. The aim of the present study was to clarify any association. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to May 2018. From the eligible trials, 32 articles describing studies conducted on adults aged 18-70 y were selected for the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses using the random-effects model were performed to investigate the data and results showed significant effects of flaxseed intake on circulating high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.75; 95% CI: -1.19, -0.30; P < 0.001] and TNFα (WMD = -0.38; 95% CI: -0.75,-0.01; P = 0.04). However, no significant changes were found in IL6 concentration (WMD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.70, 0.21; P = 0.28) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = -0.34; 95% CI:-0.89, 0.20; P = 0.22). Moreover, by eliminating 1 of the studies from the sensitivity analysis, changes in IL6 concentration were significant (WMD = -0.44; 95% CI: -0.81, -0.08). The changes in inflammatory biomarkers were dependent on study design (parallel or crossover), supplement type (flaxseed, flaxseed oil, or lignan), study quality (high or low), and participants' age and BMI. According to this meta-analysis, flaxseed significantly reduced circulating concentrations of hs-CRP and TNFα, but did not affect IL6 and CRP. Further research is needed to examine the effect of different doses and long-term benefits of flaxseed and its derivatives on inflammatory factors.


Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Linho , Inflamação/sangue , Lignina/farmacologia , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Sementes , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-6/sangue , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Óleo de Semente do Linho/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto Jovem
13.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 124: 354-359, 2019 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30448498

RESUMO

The main focus of this paper is on the improvement of formulations utilising non-conventional bio-based excipients to improve tablet release rates. Two different formulations were considered. The first formulation contains Alcell lignin, lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose as excipients and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The second formulation contains lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose as excipients and aspirin as API. The prepared formulations were roller compacted followed by milling, sieving, and tableting. The tablets were then characterised in terms of dissolution rate in order to compare the release rates. Results indicated that tablets containing Alcell lignin have quicker release, faster disintegration times and higher tablet hardness for all samples with differing process parameters. Higher API dissolution has been attributed to the amorphous structure of lignin and its interaction with aspirin, which increases dissolution of the API.


Assuntos
Aspirina/química , Composição de Medicamentos , Lignina/química , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Celulose/química , Química Farmacêutica , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Dureza , Humanos , Lactose/química , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Solubilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Comprimidos/química , Comprimidos/uso terapêutico
14.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 65: 199-211, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30316078

RESUMO

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that originate from hemopoietic stem cells. Targeting over activated osteoclasts is thought to be an effective therapeutic approach to osteoporosis. In a previous study, we reported that Tatarinan O, a lignin-like compound, suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we further examined the effects on osteoclast formation of three lignin-like compounds including Tatarinan N (TN), Tatarinan U (TU) and Tatarinan V (TV), all containing a common structure of asarone. We found that only TN suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption pit formation and F-acting ring formation. TU and TV did not influence RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We also found that TN dose-dependently inhibited the expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated genes, including TRAP, cathepsin K and MMP-9. Furthermore, we found that TN down-regulated the key transcription factor NFATc1 and c-Fos by preventing the activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of MAPKs including ERK1/2 and p38 but not JNK. TN attenuated calcineurin expression via suppression of the Btk-PLCγ2 cascade and reduction of intracellular Ca2+, modulating NFATc1 activation. Taking together, our results indicated that TN might have therapeutic potential for osteoporosis.


Assuntos
Anisóis/farmacologia , Células da Medula Óssea/fisiologia , Lignina/farmacologia , Osteoclastos/fisiologia , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Derivados de Alilbenzenos , Animais , Anisóis/química , Anisóis/uso terapêutico , Calcineurina/metabolismo , Sinalização do Cálcio , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Diferenciação Celular , Lignina/química , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição NFATC/metabolismo , Osteogênese
15.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 118(Pt A): 494-503, 2018 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29909035

RESUMO

Lignins and lignin-derived compounds are known to have antibacterial properties. The wound healing agents in the form of dressings produce faster skin repair and decrease pain in patients. In order to create an efficient antimicrobial agent in the form of dressing in the treatment of chronic wounds, a composite hydrogel of bacterial cellulose (BC) and dehydrogenative polymer of coniferyl alcohol (DHP), BC-DHP, was designed. Novel composite showed inhibitory or bactericidal effects against selected pathogenic bacteria, including clinically isolated ones. The highest release rate of DHP was in the first hour, while after 24 h there was still slow release of small amounts of DHP from BC-DHP during 72 h monitoring. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry showed that BC-DHP releases DHP oligomers, which are proposed to be antimicrobially active DHP fractions. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy micrographs proved a dose-dependent interaction of DHP with BC, which resulted in a decrease of the pore number and size in the cellulose membrane. The Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectra of the BC-DHP showed that DHP was partly bound to the BC matrix. The swelling and crystallinity degree were dose-dependent. All obtained results confirmed BC-DHP composite as a promising hydrogel for wounds healing.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Celulose/química , Hidrogéis/química , Lignina/química , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/patogenicidade , Bandagens , Celulose/uso terapêutico , Celulose/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Hidrogéis/uso terapêutico , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Lignina/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Cicatrização
16.
J Nat Med ; 72(2): 448-455, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29275476

RESUMO

Lentinula edodes mycelia solid culture extract (MSCE) is used as a medical food ingredient and provides beneficial effects to patients with cancer and chronic type C hepatitis. Low molecular weight lignin (LM-lignin), which is an active component of MSCE, exhibits hepatoprotective, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of LM-lignin/lignosulfonic acid on intestinal barrier function. Lignosulfonic acid enhanced transepithelial membrane electrical resistance in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. In Caco-2 cells treated with lignosulfonic acid, expression of claudin-2, which forms high conductive cation pores in tight junctions (TJs), was decreased. Lignosulfonic acid also attenuated the barrier dysfunction that is caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in Caco-2 cells. TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced activation of NF-κB, such as translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus and induction of gene expression, was inhibited by lignosulfonic acid treatment. Furthermore, lignosulfonic acid decreased the TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced increase in interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-6 expression in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that lignosulfonic acid not only enhances TJ barrier function but also restores TJ barrier integrity impaired by inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, lignosulfonic acid may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction observed in inflammatory bowel disease.


Assuntos
Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Lignina/análogos & derivados , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Lignina/farmacologia , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais , Transfecção
17.
Int J Mol Sci ; 18(6)2017 Jun 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28590454

RESUMO

A review of the pharmacological applications of lignins provides evidence of their protective role against the development of different diseases. In many cases, the effects of lignins could be explained by their antioxidant capacity. Here, we present a systematic review of the literature from the period 2010-2016 which provides information concerning new applications of lignins derived from recent research. The most promising findings are reported, including the methodologies employed and results obtained with lignins or their derivatives which may improve human health. We highlight potential applications in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, viral infections and cancer. Moreover, we report both that lignins can be used in the preparation of nanoparticles to deliver different drugs and also their use in photoprotection.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Lignina/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Lignina/análogos & derivados , Lignina/uso terapêutico
18.
Sci Rep ; 7: 46412, 2017 04 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28401944

RESUMO

Lignin, one of the most abundant renewable feedstock, is used to develop a biocompatible hydrogel as anti-infective ointment. A hydrophilic polyoxazoline chain is grafted through ring opening polymerization, possess homogeneous spherical nanoparticles of 10-15 nm. The copolymer was covalently modified with triazole moiety to fortify the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The hydrogel was capable of down regulating the expression level of IL-1ß in LPS induced macrophage cells, and to cause significant reduction of iNOS production. It supported cellular anti-inflammatory activity which was confirmed with luciferase assay, western blot, and NF-κB analysis. This novel lignin-based hydrogel tested in-vivo has shown the abilities to prevent infection of burn wound, aid healing, and an anti-inflammatory dressing material. The hydrogel reported here provides a new material platform to introduce a cost-effective and efficient ointment option after undertaking further work to look at its use in the area of clinical practice.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Pomadas/uso terapêutico , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lignina/administração & dosagem , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Pomadas/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Triazóis/administração & dosagem
20.
J Pharmacol Sci ; 126(2): 92-106, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25263279

RESUMO

The present article reviewed the biological activities and possible dental application of three major polyphenols, i.e., lignin-carbohydrate complexes, tannins, and flavonoids, citing mostly our in vitro studies together with those from other groups. All these polyphenols showed much lower tumor-selective cytotoxicity against oral squamous cell carcinoma cells vs. normal oral cells (gingival fibroblast, pulp cell, periodontal ligament fibroblast), in comparison to popular chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs. Several compounds showing higher tumor-selectivity did not induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, in oral carcinoma cell lines. Lignin-carbohydrate complex protected the cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV infection and UV irradiation more efficiently than other polyphenols. Limited digestion of lignin-carbohydrate complex suggests that the lignin moiety is involved in the prominent anti-HIV activity, whereas the carbohydrate moiety may function in immunopotentiating activity through a cell surface receptor. Alkaline extract of plant leaf, which contains higher amounts of lignin-carbohydrate complex, showed potent anti-inflammatory action against IL-1ß-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Local application of lignin-carbohydrate complex through oral mucosa is recommended, considering its poor intestinal absorption.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Gengivite/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Fármacos Anti-HIV , Anti-Inflamatórios , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral/genética , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Lignina/farmacologia , Lignina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Nucleossomos/genética , Protetores Solares , Taninos/farmacologia , Taninos/uso terapêutico , Raios Ultravioleta
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