Desarrollo tardío de múltiples dientes supernumerarios en una paciente con miastenia gravis juvenil tratada con azatioprina / Delayed development of multiple supernumerary teeth in a patient with juvenile myasthenia gravis treated with azathioprine

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Morphological and cellular examinations of experimentally induced malocclusion in mice mandibular condyle.

Occlusal alignment is known clinically to have a widespread influence on the stomatognathic system, including the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. However, while occlusion is still an important determinant of most dental treatments, the exact effect of occlusal alignment is unclear because of a lack of conclusive scientific evidence. In this study, a malocclusion model system is used to examine the cellular and histologic alterations in the contralateral condyle of mice after a malocclusion was induced by a build-up of resin on the left maxillary molars. A significant decrease in the thickness of the condylar cartilage was found in the 1-week experimental group, together with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation in the condylar head, which included cartilage and subchondral bone. Additionally, the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and MPO- and F4/80-positive inflammatory cells in the subchondral bone were significantly higher in the 1-week experimental group. Unbalanced malocclusion caused increased bone remodeling, as evidenced by increased osteoclastic activity and inflammatory responses (macrophages and neutrophils, respectively). However, these alterations in the 1-week experimental group were subsequently attenuated and restored almost to the baseline at 3 weeks after the induction of the malocclusion.

Lesions of the ventral ascending noradrenergic bundles decrease the stress response to occlusal disharmony in rats.

Occlusal disharmony induced by placing an acryl cap on the lower incisors of rats is perceived as chronic stress. This chronic stress activates corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), resulting in stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The ventral ascending noradrenergic bundles (V-NAB) from the brainstem innervate the PVN. To investigate the relationship between the response of the HPA axis and the V-NAB, we examined changes in extracellular noradrenaline (NA) in the PVN and plasma corticosterone, the final output of the HPA axis, following occlusal disharmony in rats injected with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a specific catecholamine neurotoxin. 6-OHDA microinjection into the V-NAB reduced the magnitude of the responses of extracellular NA in the PVN and the plasma corticosterone to occlusal disharmony. Our results suggest that V-NAB to the PVN are involved in occlusal disharmony-induced activation of the HPA axis.

Interdental spacing and orthodontic treatment in competitive athletes: clues to doping with growth hormones?

UNLABELLED: The aim of this report is to examine clues of a suspected link between the artificial ingestion of human growth hormone (rh- GH) and resulting interdental spaces in adult athletes. We conducted an electronic search in the German-language versions of the search engines Google and Google Scholar as well as in the database PubMed. While no explicit articles could be identified in PubMed, the search in Google and Google Scholar produced 1370 and 6 hits, respectively. Original quotes from 20 sources show that in the media the wearing of orthodontic multibracket appliances among athletes is largely attributed to changes in tooth position as a consequence of the illegal ingestion of rhGH. On the other hand, there are few references to the possibility that orthodontic treatments with fixed appliances might be carried out for reasons unrelated to doping. CONCLUSION: A definitive assessment of this issue is not possible at present. In view of its major importance of the subject, the relationships depicted here should be investigated in greater depth.