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Neuropharmacology ; 63(6): 1028-41, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22841957

RESUMO

Autism is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social isolation and lack of interaction. Anatomically, autism patients often show macrocephaly and high neuronal density. To investigate the mechanism underlying the higher neuronal populations seen in ASD, we subcutaneously injected VPA (400 mg/kg) into pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on E12, an animal model often used in ASD study. Alternatively, cultured rat neural progenitor cells were treated with VPA. Until E18, VPA induced NPC proliferation and delayed neurogenesis in fetal brain, but the subsequent differentiation of NPCs to neurons increased brain neuronal density afterward. Similar findings were observed with NPCs treated with VPA in vitro. At a molecular level, VPA enhanced Wnt1 expression and activated the GSK-3ß/ß-catenin pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of this pathway attenuated the effects of VPA. The findings of this study suggest that an altered developmental process underlies the macrocephaly and abnormal brain structure observed in the autistic brain.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/toxicidade , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/fisiologia , Megalencefalia/induzido quimicamente , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Valproico/toxicidade , beta Catenina/fisiologia , Animais , Antimetabólitos , Western Blotting , Bromodesoxiuridina , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Corantes , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/genética , Imuno-Histoquímica , Megalencefalia/patologia , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sais de Tetrazólio , Tiazóis , Transfecção , beta Catenina/genética
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