Assuntos
Metilfenidato/efeitos adversos , Transtornos dos Movimentos/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Haloperidol/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Metapirileno/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos dos Movimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Fisostigmina/uso terapêutico , Receptores Dopaminérgicos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Proprietary sleep aids and sedatives can cause delirium, coma and occasionally death in children and adults. The constituents in sleep aids that significantly effect central nervous system activity are bromides, methapyrilene, pyrilamine and scopolamine (hyoscine). Constituent proportions and mixtures vary greatly at different times since manufacturers make frequent adjustments. The effects of toxicity resulting from the misuse of ethylenediamines include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, incoordination, tremors, dry mouth, constipation and an acute poisoning syndrome. Management of adverse reactions produced by either methapyrilene or pyrilamine consists of dosage reduction or discontinuation. The acute poisoning syndrome requires implementation of general symptomatic and supportive principles.
Assuntos
Hipnóticos e Sedativos/efeitos adversos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/efeitos adversos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/tratamento farmacológico , Brometos/efeitos adversos , Brometos/intoxicação , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Metapirileno/efeitos adversos , Metapirileno/intoxicação , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/uso terapêutico , Pirilamina/efeitos adversos , Pirilamina/intoxicação , Escopolamina/efeitos adversos , Escopolamina/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
The antihistamines diphenhydramine and methapyrilene were compared with pentobarbital for hypnotic effect in two Veterans Administration Hospital populations using subjective-response methods. In the first part of the study, 60 mg and 180 mg of pentobarbital were compared with 50 mg and 150 mg of diphenhydramine. A positive dose-response relationship was obtained only for pentobarbital; neither dose of diphenhydramine was significantly different from 60 mg of pentobarbital for any response variable. In the second part of the study, 100 mg of pentobarbital, 50 mg of diphenhydramine, and 50 mg of diphenhydramine, and 50 mg of methapyrilene were compared with placebo. One hundred mg of pentobarbital and 50 mg of diphenhydramine were significantly different from placebo, but 50 mg of methapyrilene was not.
