Assuntos
Mononucleose Infecciosa , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Medieval , Humanos , Mononucleose Infecciosa/complicações , Mononucleose Infecciosa/história , Mononucleose Infecciosa/mortalidade , Sepse/complicações , Ruptura Esplênica/complicaçõesAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/história , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/história , Neoplasias da Mama/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , História do Século XVI , História do Século XIX , História Antiga , Humanos , Mononucleose Infecciosa/história , Invasividade NeoplásicaAssuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/história , Doença de Hodgkin/história , Síndrome de Sjogren/história , África , Linfoma de Burkitt/história , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Doença de Hodgkin/virologia , Humanos , Mononucleose Infecciosa/história , Síndrome de Sjogren/virologiaRESUMO
This paper examines the debate over the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from an historical perspective. The changing criteria for proving the link between putative pathological agents and diseases are discussed, beginning with Robert Koch's research on anthrax in the late nineteenth century. Various versions of 'Koch's postulates' are analyzed in relation to the necessity and sufficiency arguments of logical reasoning. In addition, alterations to Koch's postulates are delineated, specifically those required by the discovery of rickettsiae and viruses in the early twentieth century and by the immunological testing developed after mid-century to demonstrate the links between elusive viral agents and two diseases, hepatitis B and infectious mononucleosis. From this perspective, an examination of the AIDS debate is constructed. Molecular biologist Peter Duesberg's argument that HIV is not the cause of AIDS is analyzed in light of his contention that a version of Koch's postulates has not been satisfied. Additional research findings through 1990 relating to the etiology of AIDS are also noted.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/história , Antraz/história , Microbiologia/história , Virologia/história , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Antraz/imunologia , Antraz/microbiologia , Alemanha , Hepatite B/história , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/microbiologia , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Mononucleose Infecciosa/história , Mononucleose Infecciosa/imunologia , Mononucleose Infecciosa/microbiologia , Biologia Molecular/históriaRESUMO
Glandular fever was described by Emil Pfeiffer in 1889. He characterized the disease as an infectious process with fever, a swelling of the lymph nodes including an enlargement of the liver and the spleen and with a pharyngitis. It was the beginning of a very interesting chapter of medical investigations during the next 100 years. The reports of leucocytosis in reaction to this acute infection were the next important step. Sprunt and Evans recommended therefore the term "infectious mononucleosis" in 1920. Further Paul and Bunnell (1932) found the presence of heterophil antibodies in glandular fever. In 1968 Henle and Henle discovered the relations of Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) to infectious mononucleosis. In this connection the pathogenesis of glandular fever was investigated. Also the diagnosis of the disease found a certain base by the EBV-antibodies and it was possible to give a reliable interpretation of the clinical course, the symptoms and the complications of infectious mononucleosis. Furthermore the atypical manifestation of glandular fever could be identified. In recent years the problems of persistent and chronic infections were discussed. At last the antiviral chemotherapy was tested.
