With "equal regard": an overview of how Ellen Pence focused the supervised visitation field on battered women and children.

Ellen Pence has changed the framework for doing supervised visitation and safe exchanges in cases of domestic violence. Ellen challenged the basic tenets of "neutrality" and a primary focus on "safety for children" in the supervised visitation field. By incorporating equal regard for the safety of adult victims of domestic violence and children, Ellen challenged supervised visitation centers to reexamine their mission, role, intake/orientation, documentation, and rules for their programming. She designed services for supervised visitation that would account for battering of women and children while not being excessively policing and providing a respectful and fair atmosphere for men who batter.

Mujeres en la criminalidad: más preguntas que respuestas / Women and criminality: More questions than answers

Problema. La mujer vinculada a actividades de criminalidad ha sido estudiada desde diferentes perspectivas. A pesar de los hallazgos, quedan preguntas por resolver. Una mirada panorámica indica vacíos, respuestas con escasa fundamentación teórica y metodológica, y conclusiones que reproducen sesgos culturales con repercusiones en la formulación de políticas públicas. Este avance de una investigación subraya algunos problemas que podrían abordarse en un país como Colombia, caracterizado por conflictos sin resolver. Método. Se hace una revisión de literatura secundaria, en la cual se identifican preguntas y respuestas de las que surgen perspectivas de tratamiento de nuevos problemas que pueden ser abordados mediante la investigación. Conclusiones. Se requiere más investigación para comprender facetas de la criminalidad en general, y específicamente de la participación femenina, en delitos de gran impacto social, que van desde asaltos a residencias, violencias contra ciudadanos en las calles y asesinatos, hasta la globalización del crimen representado en la narcoactividad, lavado de activos, tráfico de seres humanos y delitos informáticos

Problem. Women associated to criminality activities have been studied from different perspectives. Despite any findings, more questions to be resolved remain in the air. A panoramic A panoramic overview points out to various holes, answers with poor theoretical and methodological grounds, and conclusions serving to reproduce cultural biases with repercussions in the formulation of public policies. This advance of a certain research stresses some problems that could be dealt with for instance in Colombia as a country characterized by unresolved conflicts. Method. A review of secondary literature is made, where an identification of questions and answers gives origin to treatment perspectives for new problems likely to be addressed by research. Conclusions. Further research is required to understand general criminality facts and, specifically, those of female involvement in crimes of strong social impact including holdups, assaults on residences, violence against citizens on the streets, and murders, and even ending up in the globalization of crime as represented in the drugtrafficking activity, money or the so-called asset laundering, human trade, and computer hacking-related crimes

The colonial context of violence: reflections on violence in the lives of native american women.

This article presents an overview of the ongoing colonial context that perpetuates and supports violence against First Nations women. This context must be recognized and changed as a prerequisite to eliminating or reducing this violence. The article includes a discussion of how gender roles have changed under colonization, the extent of violence, and steps that must be taken to eradicate violence against Native American women.

Dor crônica e violência doméstica: estudo qualitativo com mulheres que freqüentam um serviço especializado de saúde / Chronic pain and domestic abuse: qualitative study with women who attend a specialized health service

OBJETIVOS: investigar a existência de história de violência na vida de mulheres com queixa de dor crônica, e que solicitam atendimento em um serviço especializado no atendimento à dor da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A somatização foi um dos temas destacados para se pensar a ligação entre violência e dor crônica. MÉTODOS: estudo de casos por meio da história de vida de 11 pacientes, enfatizando suas histórias de violência e vivência da dor. RESULTADOS: observou-se grande tendência das pacientes em buscar causas físicas para suas dores e nessa procura elas peregrinam pelos serviços de saúde passando de um médico ao outro. Todas as entrevistadas relataram nunca terem falado sobre suas histórias de violência com nenhum profissional de saúde e ao fazê-lo associam sua dor não somente a ocorrências físicas, como também a sofrimentos emocionais. Há uma busca da grande maioria das pacientes pela religião como alternativa para a cura da dor. CONCLUSÕES: os resultados apontam para a necessidade dos serviços de saúde estarem mais atentos à conexão entre violência prévia e dores crônicas, investindo no preparo dos profissionais da área de saúde para atender a esses pacientes.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the possibility of a history of abuse in women complaining of chronic pain who seek care in a unit specialized in treating pain at the Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Somatization was one of the main issues that made it possible to establish a link between chronic pain and abuse. METHODS: a case study was carried out using life history interviews with 11 patients, emphasizing histories of abuse and chronic pain. RESULTS: it was noticed that these patients show a great propensity to seek physical causes for their pains and that the difficulty in finding any such cause leads them through the health services from one doctor to another. All patients interviewed reported having never before spoken about their story of violence to any health care practitioner, and, when provided with the opportunity, these women were able to associate their pain not only to physical events, but also to emotional distress. The great majority of these patients sought refuge in religion as an alternative to the healing of their pain. CONCLUSIONS: the study suggests the need for greater awareness of this connection between a history of abuse and chronic pain on the part of health care services and consequent investment in the education of the health care professionals to enable them to provide better care for these patients.

National and global agendas on violence against women: historical perspective and consensus.

A policy analysis of 11 national and global institutions' violence against women agendas spanning 1990 to 2006 is presented. Analysis revealed 85 distinct recommendations. The highest percentages of them referenced prevention (29%); data, design, and measurement (21%); and psychotherapy and support (19%). Consensus (percentage of recommendations for future activities included in four or more agendas) was highest for advocacy (75%), funding (50%), prevention (48%), and data, design, and measurement (44%). Changes in emphasis over time, aims that have been abandoned, and observations contrasting U.S. and global agendas are also examined. The results create a context to inform the agendas currently in development within psychology, criminal justice, medicine, nursing, public health, and other disciplines. Next steps to guide future policy work include investigation of advocates', practitioners', researchers', and policymakers' perceived progress in implementing existing recommendations, empirical cataloguing of achievements that demonstrate progress toward aims, constituent input on reprioritization of activities, and contemporizing action steps.

Enjaular los cuerpos: normativas decimonónicas y feminidad en México / To confine the bodies: nineteen-century normatives and femininity in México

En los trabajos compilados en este libro se analizan diversas formas del control social e ideológico ejercido sobre el cuerpo de las mujeres en el siglo XIX mexicano, que conforman una normatividad que define un modelo de lo feminino que se pretende válido para todas y que se trata de imponer desde el ámbito legal, el científico, el literario y el de las artes plásticas. Los ensayos abordan la importancia dada al cuerpo feminino para la situación jurídica de las mujeres, la violencia de la que a menudo son víctimas, la importancia de la mirada médica acerca del útero, del papel de las parteras y del debate en torno a la lactencia, el concepto de la vejez en las revistas femininas de la época, la discusión respecto a la prostitución y la criminalidad y la representación plástica del cuerpo feminino. En ellos se analiza la particular construcción social y simbólica que se hace de los cuerpos de las mujeres en este período definitorio para la historia mexicana, lo que nos permite avanzar en la reflexión y el conocimiento de la historia de los géneros sexuales.

Violencia conyugal y corporalidad en el siglo XIX / Conjugal violence and corporalidad in ninetieth-century

Ao longo de la historia de México y del mundo occidental en ganeral, una de las conductas de larga duración que han sobrevivido a muchos cambios históricos es, sin lugar a dudas, el problema social del maltrato conyugal de los hombres contra las mujeres. Históricamente los derechos sociales de los hombres han incluido el control de sus esposas por medio de la fuerza y el uso de poder. Durante muchos siglos ellas han tenido que suportar agresiones de todo tipo fundamentadas en una cultura de dominación hegemónica masculina. También a lo largo de muchas centurias ha habido una constante preocupación por regular dicha violencia y se han solucionado los conflictos han ido cambiando en el tiempo. El presente texto trata de analizar las seguientes cuestiones: las carcterísticas específicas de la violencia conyugal en el siglo XIX, la forma en la cual se intentó controlar ese fenómeno, los retrocesos históricos de la reforma liberal, y las construcciones culturales de las esposas maltratadas, en particular lo concerniente a su corporalidad.

Enjaular los cuerpos: normativas decimonónicas y feminidad en México / To confine the bodies: nineteen-century normatives and femininity in México

En los trabajos compilados en este libro se analizan diversas formas del control social e ideológico ejercido sobre el cuerpo de las mujeres en el siglo XIX mexicano, que conforman una normatividad que define un modelo de lo feminino que se pretende válido para todas y que se trata de imponer desde el ámbito legal, el científico, el literario y el de las artes plásticas. Los ensayos abordan la importancia dada al cuerpo feminino para la situación jurídica de las mujeres, la violencia de la que a menudo son víctimas, la importancia de la mirada médica acerca del útero, del papel de las parteras y del debate en torno a la lactencia, el concepto de la vejez en las revistas femininas de la época, la discusión respecto a la prostitución y la criminalidad y la representación plástica del cuerpo feminino. En ellos se analiza la particular construcción social y simbólica que se hace de los cuerpos de las mujeres en este período definitorio para la historia mexicana, lo que nos permite avanzar en la reflexión y el conocimiento de la historia de los géneros sexuales. [AU]

Violencia conyugal y corporalidad en el siglo XIX / Conjugal violence and corporalidad in ninetieth-century

Ao longo de la historia de México y del mundo occidental en ganeral, una de las conductas de larga duración que han sobrevivido a muchos cambios históricos es, sin lugar a dudas, el problema social del maltrato conyugal de los hombres contra las mujeres. Históricamente los derechos sociales de los hombres han incluido el control de sus esposas por medio de la fuerza y el uso de poder. Durante muchos siglos ellas han tenido que suportar agresiones de todo tipo fundamentadas en una cultura de dominación hegemónica masculina. También a lo largo de muchas centurias ha habido una constante preocupación por regular dicha violencia y se han solucionado los conflictos han ido cambiando en el tiempo. El presente texto trata de analizar las seguientes cuestiones: las carcterísticas específicas de la violencia conyugal en el siglo XIX, la forma en la cual se intentó controlar ese fenómeno, los retrocesos históricos de la reforma liberal, y las construcciones culturales de las esposas maltratadas, en particular lo concerniente a su corporalidad. [AU]

Mulheres pobres e violência no Brasil urbano / Poor women and violence in urban Brazil

Analisa o caráter multiforme da violência que incidia sobre as mulheres pobres e das respostas por elas encontradas para fazer face às mazelas do sistema ou dos agentes de sua opressão, considerando não só a violência estrutural mas também aquelas formas específicas decorrentes de sua condição de gênero. Utiliza como fonte principal informações relativas a processos criminais em jornais, periódicos e escritos literários.(MAM)

Mulheres pobres e violência no Brasil urbano / Poor women and violence in urban Brazil

Analisa o caráter multiforme da violência que incidia sobre as mulheres pobres e das respostas por elas encontradas para fazer face às mazelas do sistema ou dos agentes de sua opressäo, considerando näo só a violência estrutural mas também aquelas formas específicas decorrentes de sua condiçäo de gênero. Utiliza como fonte principal informações relativas a processos criminais em jornais, periódicos e escritos literários.(MAM)

Factors associated with violence against women who attend counselling centres in Kingston and St. Andrew, Jamaica

One of the problems of modern society is the extent to which violence has become a part of everyday life. Daily reports in the news media suggest that the problem is increasing and while previous research findings suggest a number of factors, which contribute to the problem, there is no indication that mitigation measures are actually helping. In fact reported incidents of violence continue to increase both in Jamaica and the world in general. Violence against women has also become a major problem all over the world. Reports indicate that incidents of violence against women range from 22 percent in some countries to a high of 59 percent in others, (Heise, 1994). Measures to address the problem in Jamaica has resulted in the establishment of a Crisis Centre, which seeks to help abused persons, primarily women. This study was carried out at the Crisis Centre and the Family Court located in Kingston in 1998. A total of 87 abused persons who sought help at these facilities within the study period were interviewed. The abuse took many forms and required various degrees of medical and emotional attention. Of weapons used the gun and stick featured prominently. Several reasons were given for the abuse experienced by respondents, however jealousy resulting in quarrels over a third party was the most common reason given for the onset of abuse (81 percent). When asked why they remained in the abusive situation respondents indicated children as the main cause 80.5 percent of the time. Medical attention was received from private medical practitioners 43 percent of the time, while 72.4 percent of respondents expressed a willingness to testify against their abusers in court. The use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and cocaine was prevalent, suggesting some link between substance abuse and the violence carried out against female partners. Most respondents indicated that friends and family members were the main sources of support. Very little practical assistance was obtained from the church, an institution of which almost all respondents were members. Respondents cited counselling as the main reason for attending counselling centres. In light of the findings recommendation could include mandatory counselling for males abuse who women and public education programmes to sensitize the society on the consequences of violence against women.(Au)