Primary intestinal fibrosarcoma in cats

Background: Fibrosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin and can have different symptoms depending on the species, age, location and etiopathogenesis. Intestinal tumors in domestic cats are common and the small intestine is the most common site; however, fibrosarcomas are rare in the intestine of all animal species. This work reports intestinal fibrosarcoma in 2 domestic cats and aims to clarify and present information concerning this neoplastic type in the gastrointestinal tract of this species. Cases: We report 2 cases of intestinal fibrosarcoma in domestic felines (Felis catus). Cat 1. A 14-year-old female Persian breed, domestic cat, was taken to the Feline Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of Small Animals (HVPA) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). The main complaint was chronic constipation and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed an ulcerated mass, measuring 4.0 cm x 1.7 cm. Cat 2. A 10-year-old female undefined breed, domestic cat, was taken to the private clinic. The main complaint was diarrhea with bloody and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed nodule measuring 2.5 cm in diameter. The surgical option decided upon was to use the rectal pull-through technique in both animals. The patients had no trans-surgical or postoperative complications. The material collected during the surgical interventions was analyzed macroscopically and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h and then sent to the Histopathology Laboratory of the Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP) at UFRRJ for the cat 1 and in private laboratory for the cat 2. After fixation, it was cleaved for routine microscope exam using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stains and for the histochemical method of Masson's Trichrome staining technique. Complementary immunohistochemistry tests and electron microscopy were also performed. The patients were followed up clinically, showing complete remission of the clinical signs and survival for approximately 1 year after the neoplastic resection. Discussion: There are few reports of intestinal fibrosarcomas in veterinary medicine, therefore, little is known about racial predilection, age, sex or biological behavior. As far as these authors know, this is the 6th and 7th report of this neoplasm with a primary site in the large intestine in this species. The morphological diagnosis of fibrosarcoma is relatively simple, whereas, in some cases the differential diagnosis for tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, leiomyosarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) can be extremely difficult. The immunohistochemistry technique in these cases may not be particularly useful. The fibrosarcoma diagnosis was also confirmed by electron microscopy since no evidence was found that could lead to a neuronal origin, thus excluding tumors such as neurofibrosarcoma and schawnoma, corroborating the immunohistochemical examination. The surgical management of tumor resection with wide safety margins (minimum 2 cm) remains the "gold standard" therapy for dealing with fibrosarcomas since they have a low response rate to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the use of these therapies as an adjuvant is controversial. The advantages of this technique are related to the surgical time, simplicity, easy access and reduction in the risk of abdominal contamination. Histopathological, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations were sufficient to enable the diagnosis of an intestinal fibrosarcoma in both cats. The occurrence of this neoplasm with intestinal involvement in the feline species is rare; therefore, this description is important as it provides information about epidemiology, associated signs, differential diagnoses, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis.

Intestinal T-cell lymphoma in a coati (Nasua nasua) - Short communication.

A 10-year-old female coati (Nasua nasua) was necropsied after an 8-day history of apathy, weight loss and dehydration. Gross changes consisted of multifocal to coalescing nodules ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 cm in diameter in the wall of the small intestine, adjacent to the mesentery and in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologically, neoplastic CD3-positive lymphocytes infiltrated all layers of the intestine, as well as the mesenteric adipose tissue and mesenteric lymph nodes. Based on the pathological and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of intestinal T-cell lymphoma was made.

Primary nonlymphoid gastrointestinal neoplasms in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul / Neoplasmas gastrointestinais primários não linfoides em cães no Rio Grande do Sul

Gastrointestinal neoplasms (GIN) are uncommon in dogs, but they mainly show malignant behavior and poor prognosis. The types of GIN in dogs and their frequency, as well as their epidemiological and histopathological characteristics were analyzed through a retrospective study of biopsies from 24.711 dogs from 2005 to 2017. Additionally, histological sections of neoplasms were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against pancytokeratin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy, and neuron-specific enolase. Of the total samples from dogs analyzed, 88 corresponded to GIN. Neoplasms occurred more frequently in purebred dogs (64.8%, 57/88), males (53.4%, 47/88), with a median age of 10 years. The intestine was affected by 84.1% (74/88) of the cases. Of these, the large intestine was the most affected (67.6%, 50/74). Most of the neoplasms had malignant behavior (88.6%, 78/88). Regarding the classification of neoplasms, 46.6% (41/88) of the diagnoses corresponded to epithelial, 46.6% (41/88) were mesenchymal, 5.7% (5/88) were hematopoietic, and 1.1% (1/88) was neuroendocrine. The most frequently diagnosed neoplasms were papillary adenocarcinoma (19.3%, 17/88), leiomyosarcoma (17.0%, 15/88), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (12.5%, 11/88), and leiomyoma (5.0%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas were located mainly in the rectum, whereas leiomyosarcomas and GISTs developed mainly in the cecum. Epithelial neoplasms showed a greater potential for lymphatic invasion whereas mesenchymal neoplasms appeared to be more expansive with intratumoral necrosis and hemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry was found to be an important diagnostic technique for the identification of infiltrating cells in carcinomas and an indispensable technique for the definitive diagnosis of sarcomas.(AU)

Neoplasmas gastrointestinais (NGI) são pouco comuns em cães, mas possuem principalmente comportamento maligno e prognóstico reservado. Os tipos de NGI em cães e sua frequência, bem como características epidemiológicas e histopatológicas foram analisados por meio de um estudo retrospectivo dos exames de biópsias de 24.711 cães entre os anos de 2005 a 2017. Adicionalmente, cortes histológicos de NGI foram submetidos à técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), utilizando os anticorpos anti-pancitoqueratina, vimentina, actina de músculo liso, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy e enolase neurônio específica. Do total de cães analisados, 88 corresponderam a NGI não linfoides. Os neoplasmas ocorreram com maior frequência em cães de raça pura (64,8%, 57/88), machos (53,4%, 47/88), com mediana de idade de 10 anos. O intestino foi acometido em 84,1% dos casos (74/88). Destes, o intestino grosso foi o segmento mais afetado (67,6%, 50/74). A maior parte dos neoplasmas tinha comportamento maligno (88,6%, 78/88). Quanto à classificação, 46,6% (41/88) dos diagnósticos corresponderam a neoplasmas epiteliais, 46,6% (41/88) mesenquimais, 5,7% (5/88) hematopoiéticos e 1,1% (1/88), neuroendócrino. Os neoplasmas mais frequentemente diagnosticados foram adenocarcinoma papilar (19,3%, 17/88), leiomiossarcoma (17,0%, 15/88), tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST) (12,5%, 11/88) e leiomioma (12,5%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas localizavam-se principalmente no reto, enquanto leiomiossarcoma e GISTs desenvolveram-se principalmente no ceco. Os neoplasmas epiteliais demonstraram um potencial maior de invasão linfática enquanto que os mesenquimais aparentaram ser mais expansivos, com necrose e hemorragia intratumorais. A imuno-histoquímica mostrou ser uma técnica diagnóstica importante para a identificação de células neoplásicas infiltravas no caso dos carcinomas e uma técnica indispensável para o diagnóstico definitivo de sarcomas.(AU)

Primary nonlymphoid gastrointestinal neoplasms in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul / Neoplasmas gastrointestinais primários não linfoides em cães no Rio Grande do Sul

Gastrointestinal neoplasms (GIN) are uncommon in dogs, but they mainly show malignant behavior and poor prognosis. The types of GIN in dogs and their frequency, as well as their epidemiological and histopathological characteristics were analyzed through a retrospective study of biopsies from 24.711 dogs from 2005 to 2017. Additionally, histological sections of neoplasms were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against pancytokeratin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy, and neuron-specific enolase. Of the total samples from dogs analyzed, 88 corresponded to GIN. Neoplasms occurred more frequently in purebred dogs (64.8%, 57/88), males (53.4%, 47/88), with a median age of 10 years. The intestine was affected by 84.1% (74/88) of the cases. Of these, the large intestine was the most affected (67.6%, 50/74). Most of the neoplasms had malignant behavior (88.6%, 78/88). Regarding the classification of neoplasms, 46.6% (41/88) of the diagnoses corresponded to epithelial, 46.6% (41/88) were mesenchymal, 5.7% (5/88) were hematopoietic, and 1.1% (1/88) was neuroendocrine. The most frequently diagnosed neoplasms were papillary adenocarcinoma (19.3%, 17/88), leiomyosarcoma (17.0%, 15/88), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (12.5%, 11/88), and leiomyoma (5.0%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas were located mainly in the rectum, whereas leiomyosarcomas and GISTs developed mainly in the cecum. Epithelial neoplasms showed a greater potential for lymphatic invasion whereas mesenchymal neoplasms appeared to be more expansive with intratumoral necrosis and hemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry was found to be an important diagnostic technique for the identification of infiltrating cells in carcinomas and an indispensable technique for the definitive diagnosis of sarcomas.(AU)

Neoplasmas gastrointestinais (NGI) são pouco comuns em cães, mas possuem principalmente comportamento maligno e prognóstico reservado. Os tipos de NGI em cães e sua frequência, bem como características epidemiológicas e histopatológicas foram analisados por meio de um estudo retrospectivo dos exames de biópsias de 24.711 cães entre os anos de 2005 a 2017. Adicionalmente, cortes histológicos de NGI foram submetidos à técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), utilizando os anticorpos anti-pancitoqueratina, vimentina, actina de músculo liso, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy e enolase neurônio específica. Do total de cães analisados, 88 corresponderam a NGI não linfoides. Os neoplasmas ocorreram com maior frequência em cães de raça pura (64,8%, 57/88), machos (53,4%, 47/88), com mediana de idade de 10 anos. O intestino foi acometido em 84,1% dos casos (74/88). Destes, o intestino grosso foi o segmento mais afetado (67,6%, 50/74). A maior parte dos neoplasmas tinha comportamento maligno (88,6%, 78/88). Quanto à classificação, 46,6% (41/88) dos diagnósticos corresponderam a neoplasmas epiteliais, 46,6% (41/88) mesenquimais, 5,7% (5/88) hematopoiéticos e 1,1% (1/88), neuroendócrino. Os neoplasmas mais frequentemente diagnosticados foram adenocarcinoma papilar (19,3%, 17/88), leiomiossarcoma (17,0%, 15/88), tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST) (12,5%, 11/88) e leiomioma (12,5%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas localizavam-se principalmente no reto, enquanto leiomiossarcoma e GISTs desenvolveram-se principalmente no ceco. Os neoplasmas epiteliais demonstraram um potencial maior de invasão linfática enquanto que os mesenquimais aparentaram ser mais expansivos, com necrose e hemorragia intratumorais. A imuno-histoquímica mostrou ser uma técnica diagnóstica importante para a identificação de células neoplásicas infiltravas no caso dos carcinomas e uma técnica indispensável para o diagnóstico definitivo de sarcomas.(AU)

Linfoma intestinal em um cão da raça boxer: relato de caso / Intestinal lymphoma in a Boxer breed dog: case report / Linfoma intestinal en un perro Bóxer: relato de caso

O linfoma intestinal é definido pela presença da neoplasia no trato gastrintestinal e/ou nos linfonodos mesentéricos, sendo o segundo tipo de linfoma mais comum em cães. Os principais sinais clínicos incluem vômito, diarreia, anorexia e perda de peso. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado por citologia ou histopatologia do órgão lesionado. O protocolo terapêutico mais indicado é a poliquimioterapia. No presente trabalho relata-se o caso de um canino da raça boxer de cinco anos de idade, com histórico de hematoquezia, apatia havia 7 dias e anorexia e perda de peso persistente havia mais de 20 dias. A ultrassonografia abdominal identificou líquido livre e presença de uma massa atingindo parte do intestino. Realizaram-se laparotomia exploratória e coleta de material para o exame histopatológico, confirmando o diagnóstico de linfoma intestinal. Entretanto, durante o procedimento, o paciente veio a óbito.

Intestinal lymphoma is the second most common form of lymphoma in dogs. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal tract or mesenteric lymph nodes. The chief clinical signs are vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. The diagnosis is made through fine needle aspiration and cytology, or by tissue biopsy and histopathology, and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. We report a case of intestinal lymphoma in a five years old Boxer, presented with history of hematochezia and lethargy of 7 days duration, and 20 days of anorexia and persistent weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed free fluid in the abdominal cavity, and an intestinal mass. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and a tissue biopsy was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, but the patient died during the surgical procedure.

El linfoma intestinal es el segundo tipo de neoplasia más frecuente en perros y se caracteriza por la presencia de este tumor en el sistema gastrointestinal o linfonódulos mesentéricos. Los signos clínicos más importantes son vómitos, diarrea, anorexia y pérdida de peso. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza por cito o histopatología. El protocolo terapéutico más indicado es la poliquimioterapia. En este trabajo se relata el caso de un perro Bóxer de cinco anos, que presentaba histórico de hematoquecia, apatía de una semana y anorexia y pérdida de peso persistente durante más de 20 días. La ecografía abdominal permitió identificar líquido libre y una masa que tomaba parte del intestino. Se realizó una laparotomía exploratoria, obteniéndose material para histopatología, examen este que confirmó la presencia de un linfoma intestinal. No obstante, el paciente murió durante la cirugía.

Linfoma intestinal em um cão da raça boxer: relato de caso / Intestinal lymphoma in a Boxer breed dog: case report / Linfoma intestinal en un perro Bóxer: relato de caso

O linfoma intestinal é definido pela presença da neoplasia no trato gastrintestinal e/ou nos linfonodos mesentéricos, sendo o segundo tipo de linfoma mais comum em cães. Os principais sinais clínicos incluem vômito, diarreia, anorexia e perda de peso. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado por citologia ou histopatologia do órgão lesionado. O protocolo terapêutico mais indicado é a poliquimioterapia. No presente trabalho relata-se o caso de um canino da raça boxer de cinco anos de idade, com histórico de hematoquezia, apatia havia 7 dias e anorexia e perda de peso persistente havia mais de 20 dias. A ultrassonografia abdominal identificou líquido livre e presença de uma massa atingindo parte do intestino. Realizaram-se laparotomia exploratória e coleta de material para o exame histopatológico, confirmando o diagnóstico de linfoma intestinal. Entretanto, durante o procedimento, o paciente veio a óbito.(AU)

Intestinal lymphoma is the second most common form of lymphoma in dogs. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal tract or mesenteric lymph nodes. The chief clinical signs are vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. The diagnosis is made through fine needle aspiration and cytology, or by tissue biopsy and histopathology, and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. We report a case of intestinal lymphoma in a five years old Boxer, presented with history of hematochezia and lethargy of 7 days duration, and 20 days of anorexia and persistent weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed free fluid in the abdominal cavity, and an intestinal mass. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and a tissue biopsy was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma, but the patient died during the surgical procedure.(AU)

El linfoma intestinal es el segundo tipo de neoplasia más frecuente en perros y se caracteriza por la presencia de este tumor en el sistema gastrointestinal o linfonódulos mesentéricos. Los signos clínicos más importantes son vómitos, diarrea, anorexia y pérdida de peso. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza por cito o histopatología. El protocolo terapéutico más indicado es la poliquimioterapia. En este trabajo se relata el caso de un perro Bóxer de cinco anos, que presentaba histórico de hematoquecia, apatía de una semana y anorexia y pérdida de peso persistente durante más de 20 días. La ecografía abdominal permitió identificar líquido libre y una masa que tomaba parte del intestino. Se realizó una laparotomía exploratoria, obteniéndose material para histopatología, examen este que confirmó la presencia de un linfoma intestinal. No obstante, el paciente murió durante la cirugía.(AU)

Trombo tumoral na artéria mesentérica cranial secundária ao leiomiossarcoma intestinal / Tumoral thrombus in cranial mesenteric artery secondary to intestinal leiomyosarcoma

Background: Leiomyosarcoma is a non-encapsulated tumor, belonging to the group of soft tissue sarcomas and often invasive. This histological type comprises the most aggressive solid tumors and, because they respond poorly to therapy, are considered the worst prognosis. The dissemination of metastatic cells can occur mainly hematologically to the liver, lungs and bones or by direct invasion, but metastases to blood vessels are rare and surgery is the treatment of choice in most cases. This paper aims to report a rare case of tumor thrombus in the cranial mesenteric artery secondary to an intestinal leiomyosarcoma.Case: A 9-year-old female S.R.D dog presenting inappetence, evolving to anorexia, weight loss, anemia and vomiting for approximately 15 days was referred to the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Previous therapy at another clinic with three blood transfusions did not promote reversal of anemia. Ultrasonography revealed a nodule in the small intestine of seven cm in diameter and in the hemogram a hypochromic macrocytic anemia. Thoracic radiography did not reveal metastases. After a new blood transfusion, the patient was referred to an exploratory laparotomy, where the nodule was identified in the small intestine, which was cyanotic and two nodules in the cranial mesenteric artery, partially obstructing the local blood flow. Resection and intestinal anastomosis were performed from the final portion of the duodenum to the cecum, with ligation of the mesenteric artery and the nodules were sent for histopathological analysis. The animal presented a gradual improvement of the condition, with the introduction of liquid feeding on the second postoperative day. After these days, he presented hypochromic macrocytic anemia, with presence of Howell-Jolly corpuscle, spherocytes and icteric plasma, compatible with hemolytic anemia. Treatment with prednisone was started, with a worsening of the condition.[...](AU)

Trombo tumoral na artéria mesentérica cranial secundária ao leiomiossarcoma intestinal / Tumoral thrombus in cranial mesenteric artery secondary to intestinal leiomyosarcoma

Background: Leiomyosarcoma is a non-encapsulated tumor, belonging to the group of soft tissue sarcomas and often invasive. This histological type comprises the most aggressive solid tumors and, because they respond poorly to therapy, are considered the worst prognosis. The dissemination of metastatic cells can occur mainly hematologically to the liver, lungs and bones or by direct invasion, but metastases to blood vessels are rare and surgery is the treatment of choice in most cases. This paper aims to report a rare case of tumor thrombus in the cranial mesenteric artery secondary to an intestinal leiomyosarcoma.Case: A 9-year-old female S.R.D dog presenting inappetence, evolving to anorexia, weight loss, anemia and vomiting for approximately 15 days was referred to the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Previous therapy at another clinic with three blood transfusions did not promote reversal of anemia. Ultrasonography revealed a nodule in the small intestine of seven cm in diameter and in the hemogram a hypochromic macrocytic anemia. Thoracic radiography did not reveal metastases. After a new blood transfusion, the patient was referred to an exploratory laparotomy, where the nodule was identified in the small intestine, which was cyanotic and two nodules in the cranial mesenteric artery, partially obstructing the local blood flow. Resection and intestinal anastomosis were performed from the final portion of the duodenum to the cecum, with ligation of the mesenteric artery and the nodules were sent for histopathological analysis. The animal presented a gradual improvement of the condition, with the introduction of liquid feeding on the second postoperative day. After these days, he presented hypochromic macrocytic anemia, with presence of Howell-Jolly corpuscle, spherocytes and icteric plasma, compatible with hemolytic anemia. Treatment with prednisone was started, with a worsening of the condition.[...]

Papillary Adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a dog: case report / Adenocarcinoma papilífero em cólon descendente de cão: relato de caso

The aim of this report was to describe the clinical findings and therapeutic management of a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a Beagle. The patient presented soft stools, haematochezia, tenesmus, and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed alterations on the ultrasonographic features of the descending colon suggestive of colitis and neoplasia. Following local mass resection, histopathology analysis revealed mild lymphoplasmocytic enteritis and papillary adenocarcinoma of the colon. Enterectomy for tumoral resection and biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes were carried out. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm the previous diagnosis and the tumor was classified as intestinal intraluminal papillary adenocarcinoma, with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and piroxicam, leading to remission of clinical signs and absence of any clinical or imaging alterations compatible with the patient's previous clinical condition.(AU)

O objetivo desse relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e manejo terapêutico de um caso de adenocarcinoma papilífero do cólon descendente em um Beagle. O paciente apresentou fezes amolecidas, hematoquesia, tenesmo e disquesia. Exame clínico revelou alteração de achados ultrassonográficos do cólon descendente sugerindo colite e neoplasia. Após ressecção de massa local, análise histopatológica revelou enterite linfmoplasmocito leve e adenocarcinoma papilar do cólon. Enterectomia para ressecção tumoral e biopsia das lesões locais e tumores linfonodais foram realizadas. Após procedimento cirúrgico foi possível confirmar o diagnóstico prévio e o tumor foi classificado como adenocarcinoma papilar intraluminal intestinal, com margens cirúrgicas incompletas. Quimioterapia adjuvante foi realizada utilizando carboplatina, ciclofosfamida e piroxano, levando a remissão de sinais clínicos e ausência de alterações de imagem compatíveis com situação clínica prévia do paciente.(AU)

Intraoperative ultrasonography in nine dogs with intra-abdominal neoplasm suspect / Ultrassonografia intraoperatória em nove cães com suspeita de neoplasia intra-abdominal

Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) is used in medicine for diagnosis and guidance during oncologic surgery. The aims of this study were to assess the performance, feasibility, advantages and difficulties of the IOUS technique in dogs with suspected intra-abdominal tumors. The study included nine client-owed dogs that had suspected intra-abdominal tumors (spleen, liver or bowel) based on transabdominal ultrasound examination and that were subsequently referred for exploratory laparotomy surgery. During surgery, IOUS was performed; results of preoperative transabdominal ultrasonography, inspection by the surgeon and IOUS were compared on a case-by-case basis. IOUS was helpful in determining lesion resection in all cases. Lesions detected solely by the use of IOUS were observed in seven out of nine cases. Analysis of these cases demonstrated that IOUS can be a tool to assist during oncology surgery on the liver, spleen or bowel. Dogs with hepatic tumors can have small non-palpable intraparenchymal nodules, which may be visible by IOUS.(AU)

A ultrassonografia intraoperatória (USIO) é usada na medicina como método de diagnóstico e orientação para procedimentos em cirurgia oncológica. Os objetivos desse estudo foram avaliar a performance, viabilidade, vantagens e dificuldades da técnica de USIO em cães com suspeita de neoplasia intra-abdominal. O estudo incluiu nove cães com suspeita de neoplasia intra-abdominal (baço, fígado ou intestino) baseada em exame ultrassonográfico transabdominal e que foram subsequentemente encaminhados para laparotomia exploratória. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, a USIO foi realizada e os resultados da ultrassonografia transabdominal pré-operatória, inspeção e palpação realizada pelo cirurgião e USIO foram comparados com base em uma avaliação caso-a-caso. A USIO contribuiu para determinar a área de ressecção das lesões em todos os casos. Lesões detectadas somente pela USIO foram observadas em sete dos nove casos. A análise dos casos demostrou que a USIO pode auxiliar durante a cirurgia oncológica do fígado, baço e intestino. Cães com neoplasia hepática podem ter lesões pequenas intraparenquimatosas e não palpáveis pelo cirurgião, mas que podem ser verificadas pela USIO.(AU)

Papillary Adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a dog: case report / Adenocarcinoma papilífero em cólon descendente de cão: relato de caso

The aim of this report was to describe the clinical findings and therapeutic management of a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a Beagle. The patient presented soft stools, haematochezia, tenesmus, and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed alterations on the ultrasonographic features of the descending colon suggestive of colitis and neoplasia. Following local mass resection, histopathology analysis revealed mild lymphoplasmocytic enteritis and papillary adenocarcinoma of the colon. Enterectomy for tumoral resection and biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes were carried out. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm the previous diagnosis and the tumor was classified as intestinal intraluminal papillary adenocarcinoma, with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and piroxicam, leading to remission of clinical signs and absence of any clinical or imaging alterations compatible with the patient's previous clinical condition.(AU)

O objetivo desse relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e manejo terapêutico de um caso de adenocarcinoma papilífero do cólon descendente em um Beagle. O paciente apresentou fezes amolecidas, hematoquesia, tenesmo e disquesia. Exame clínico revelou alteração de achados ultrassonográficos do cólon descendente sugerindo colite e neoplasia. Após ressecção de massa local, análise histopatológica revelou enterite linfmoplasmocito leve e adenocarcinoma papilar do cólon. Enterectomia para ressecção tumoral e biopsia das lesões locais e tumores linfonodais foram realizadas. Após procedimento cirúrgico foi possível confirmar o diagnóstico prévio e o tumor foi classificado como adenocarcinoma papilar intraluminal intestinal, com margens cirúrgicas incompletas. Quimioterapia adjuvante foi realizada utilizando carboplatina, ciclofosfamida e piroxano, levando a remissão de sinais clínicos e ausência de alterações de imagem compatíveis com situação clínica prévia do paciente.(AU)

Intraoperative ultrasonography in nine dogs with intra-abdominal neoplasm suspect / Ultrassonografia intraoperatória em nove cães com suspeita de neoplasia intra-abdominal

Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) is used in medicine for diagnosis and guidance during oncologic surgery. The aims of this study were to assess the performance, feasibility, advantages and difficulties of the IOUS technique in dogs with suspected intra-abdominal tumors. The study included nine client-owed dogs that had suspected intra-abdominal tumors (spleen, liver or bowel) based on transabdominal ultrasound examination and that were subsequently referred for exploratory laparotomy surgery. During surgery, IOUS was performed; results of preoperative transabdominal ultrasonography, inspection by the surgeon and IOUS were compared on a case-by-case basis. IOUS was helpful in determining lesion resection in all cases. Lesions detected solely by the use of IOUS were observed in seven out of nine cases. Analysis of these cases demonstrated that IOUS can be a tool to assist during oncology surgery on the liver, spleen or bowel. Dogs with hepatic tumors can have small non-palpable intraparenchymal nodules, which may be visible by IOUS.

A ultrassonografia intraoperatória (USIO) é usada na medicina como método de diagnóstico e orientação para procedimentos em cirurgia oncológica. Os objetivos desse estudo foram avaliar a performance, viabilidade, vantagens e dificuldades da técnica de USIO em cães com suspeita de neoplasia intra-abdominal. O estudo incluiu nove cães com suspeita de neoplasia intra-abdominal (baço, fígado ou intestino) baseada em exame ultrassonográfico transabdominal e que foram subsequentemente encaminhados para laparotomia exploratória. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, a USIO foi realizada e os resultados da ultrassonografia transabdominal pré-operatória, inspeção e palpação realizada pelo cirurgião e USIO foram comparados com base em uma avaliação caso-a-caso. A USIO contribuiu para determinar a área de ressecção das lesões em todos os casos. Lesões detectadas somente pela USIO foram observadas em sete dos nove casos. A análise dos casos demostrou que a USIO pode auxiliar durante a cirurgia oncológica do fígado, baço e intestino. Cães com neoplasia hepática podem ter lesões pequenas intraparenquimatosas e não palpáveis pelo cirurgião, mas que podem ser verificadas pela USIO.

Técnicas e aplicação da biopsia intestinal na clínica de equinos / Techniques and application of intestinal biopsy in the equine medicine / Técnicas y aplicación de la biopsia intestinal en la clínica de equinos

As doenças do trato gastrointestinal de equinos promovem importantes alterações, tanto sistêmicas comolocais, sendo que essas últimas podem ser analisadas, contribuindo para o diagnóstico e para definição de uma conduta terapêutica adequada. Uma vez que muitas enfermidades manifestam-se clinicamente de forma inespecífica, a biopsia intestinal desempenha papel fundamental para obtenção de amostras de diferentes segmentos, viabilizando em muitos casos a identificação do processo patogênico por meio desses fragmentos. A análise microscópica de tecidos intestinais possibilita a avaliação da predominância de diferentes grupos celulares infiltrados na mucosa e submucosa, além da avaliação da integridade dessas estruturas. Abordagens por celiotomia, gastroduodenoscopia, laparoscopia e por via retal são descritas para realização da biopsia intestinal, entretanto, em equinos ainda não são empregadasconsistentemente, ao contrário do que ocorre em humanos e pequenos animais. São poucos os relatos que demonstramo uso da biopsia intestinal na rotina clínica, sendo uma área promissora para a identificação e diferenciação entrediversas doenças que afetam o sistema digestório de cavalos. A biopsia intestinal pode ser indicada em casos dedoença inflamatória intestinal (DII), enteropatia proliferativa equina (EPE), disautonomia equina (Equine Grass Shickness), neoplasias intestinais, afecções intestinais isquêmicas e em estudos experimentais. No entanto, determinadas enfermidades diagnosticadas em países que utilizam com maior frequência a biopsia intestinal, podem estar sendo sub identificadas no Brasil. Portanto, esse exame complementar pode e deve ser indicado para elucidação de casos dedistúrbios gastrointestinais inespecíficos. Dessa forma, este artigo visa apresentar e discutir diferentes indicações, técnicase padrões de qualidade de biopsias intestinais em equinos.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of horses trigger important disorders, both systemic and local, whereasthe evaluation of the local alterations may contribute to the diagnosis and establishment of an appropriate treatment.Since many diseases are clinically manifested in a nonspecific way, intestinal biopsy plays a fundamental role in obtainingsamples of different segments, allowing, in many cases, the identification of the pathogenic process through the fragmentscollected. Microscopic exam of intestinal tissue enables the analysis of the predominance of different cell groups infiltratedin the mucosa and submucosa, in addition to evaluating the integrity of these structures. Celiotomy, gastroduodenoscopy,laparoscopy and rectal approaches are described for performing intestinal biopsies; however, in horses they are notconsistently used, as opposed to what occurs in humans and small animais. There are a few accounts that demonstratethe use of intestinal biopsies in clinical practice, that being a promising area for the identification and differentiation ofvarious diseases that affect the digestive system of horses. Intestinal biopsies may be indicated in cases of inflammatorybowel disease (IBD), equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), equine dysautonomia (Equine Grass Sickness), intestinalneoplasms, ischemic bowel diseases and in experimental studies. However, some diseases commonly diagnosed incountries where intestinal biopsies are more often employed, might be sub-identified in Brazil. Therefore, this additionalexamination may and should be used for the elucidation of nonspecific cases of gastrointestinal disorder. Thus, thisarticle aims to present and discuss different indications, techniques and quality standards for intestinal biopsies in horses.

Las enfermedades dei tracto gastrointestinal de equinos promueven importantes alteraciones, tanto sistémicascomo locales, siendo que esas últimas pueden ser analizadas, contribuyendo para el diagnóstico y para Ia definición deuna conducta terapéutica adecuada. Una vez que muchas enfermedades se manifiestan clínicamente de forma inespecífica,Ia blopsla intestinal desempena un papel fundamental para Ia obtención de muestras de distintos segmentos, haciendofactible en muchos casos Ia identificación dei proceso patógeno por media de esos fragmentos. EI análisis microscópicode tejidos intestinales posibilita el análisis de Ia predominancia de distintos grupos celulares infiltrados en Ia mucosa ysubmucosa, además de Ia evaluación de Ia integridad de esas estructuras. Abordajes por celiotomía, gastroduodenoscopía,laparoscopia y por vía rectal son descriptas para realización de Ia biopsia intestinal, sin embargo, en equinos aún no sonempleadas consistentemente, ai contrario de 10que ocurre en humanos y pequenos animales. Son pocos los relatosque demuestran el uso de Ia biopsia intestinal en Ia rutina clínica, siendo un área promisora para Ia identificación ydiferenciación entre diversas enfermedades que afectan el sistema digestor de caballos. La biopsia intestinal puede serindicada en casos de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (DII), enteropatía proliferativa equina (EPE), disautonomía equina(EquineGrassShickness), neoplasias intestinales, afecciones intestinales isquémicas y en estudios experimentales. Sinembargo, determinadas enfermedades diagnosticadas en países que utilizan con mayor frecuencia Ia biopsia intestinalpueden estar siendo sub-identificadas en Brasil. Por tanto, ese examen complementario puede y debe ser indicado paraelucidación de casos de disturbios gastrointestinales inespecíficos. Así, el objeto de este artículo es presentar y discutirdistintas indicaciones, técnicas y estándares de calidad de biopsias intestinales en equinos.

Técnicas e aplicação da biopsia intestinal na clínica de equinos / Techniques and application of intestinal biopsy in the equine medicine / Técnicas y aplicación de la biopsia intestinal en la clínica de equinos

As doenças do trato gastrointestinal de equinos promovem importantes alterações, tanto sistêmicas comolocais, sendo que essas últimas podem ser analisadas, contribuindo para o diagnóstico e para definição de uma conduta terapêutica adequada. Uma vez que muitas enfermidades manifestam-se clinicamente de forma inespecífica, a biopsia intestinal desempenha papel fundamental para obtenção de amostras de diferentes segmentos, viabilizando em muitos casos a identificação do processo patogênico por meio desses fragmentos. A análise microscópica de tecidos intestinais possibilita a avaliação da predominância de diferentes grupos celulares infiltrados na mucosa e submucosa, além da avaliação da integridade dessas estruturas. Abordagens por celiotomia, gastroduodenoscopia, laparoscopia e por via retal são descritas para realização da biopsia intestinal, entretanto, em equinos ainda não são empregadasconsistentemente, ao contrário do que ocorre em humanos e pequenos animais. São poucos os relatos que demonstramo uso da biopsia intestinal na rotina clínica, sendo uma área promissora para a identificação e diferenciação entrediversas doenças que afetam o sistema digestório de cavalos. A biopsia intestinal pode ser indicada em casos dedoença inflamatória intestinal (DII), enteropatia proliferativa equina (EPE), disautonomia equina (Equine Grass Shickness), neoplasias intestinais, afecções intestinais isquêmicas e em estudos experimentais. No entanto, determinadas enfermidades diagnosticadas em países que utilizam com maior frequência a biopsia intestinal, podem estar sendo sub identificadas no Brasil. Portanto, esse exame complementar pode e deve ser indicado para elucidação de casos dedistúrbios gastrointestinais inespecíficos. Dessa forma, este artigo visa apresentar e discutir diferentes indicações, técnicase padrões de qualidade de biopsias intestinais em equinos.(AU)

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of horses trigger important disorders, both systemic and local, whereasthe evaluation of the local alterations may contribute to the diagnosis and establishment of an appropriate treatment.Since many diseases are clinically manifested in a nonspecific way, intestinal biopsy plays a fundamental role in obtainingsamples of different segments, allowing, in many cases, the identification of the pathogenic process through the fragmentscollected. Microscopic exam of intestinal tissue enables the analysis of the predominance of different cell groups infiltratedin the mucosa and submucosa, in addition to evaluating the integrity of these structures. Celiotomy, gastroduodenoscopy,laparoscopy and rectal approaches are described for performing intestinal biopsies; however, in horses they are notconsistently used, as opposed to what occurs in humans and small animais. There are a few accounts that demonstratethe use of intestinal biopsies in clinical practice, that being a promising area for the identification and differentiation ofvarious diseases that affect the digestive system of horses. Intestinal biopsies may be indicated in cases of inflammatorybowel disease (IBD), equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), equine dysautonomia (Equine Grass Sickness), intestinalneoplasms, ischemic bowel diseases and in experimental studies. However, some diseases commonly diagnosed incountries where intestinal biopsies are more often employed, might be sub-identified in Brazil. Therefore, this additionalexamination may and should be used for the elucidation of nonspecific cases of gastrointestinal disorder. Thus, thisarticle aims to present and discuss different indications, techniques and quality standards for intestinal biopsies in horses.(AU)

Las enfermedades dei tracto gastrointestinal de equinos promueven importantes alteraciones, tanto sistémicascomo locales, siendo que esas últimas pueden ser analizadas, contribuyendo para el diagnóstico y para Ia definición deuna conducta terapéutica adecuada. Una vez que muchas enfermedades se manifiestan clínicamente de forma inespecífica,Ia blopsla intestinal desempena un papel fundamental para Ia obtención de muestras de distintos segmentos, haciendofactible en muchos casos Ia identificación dei proceso patógeno por media de esos fragmentos. EI análisis microscópicode tejidos intestinales posibilita el análisis de Ia predominancia de distintos grupos celulares infiltrados en Ia mucosa ysubmucosa, además de Ia evaluación de Ia integridad de esas estructuras. Abordajes por celiotomía, gastroduodenoscopía,laparoscopia y por vía rectal son descriptas para realización de Ia biopsia intestinal, sin embargo, en equinos aún no sonempleadas consistentemente, ai contrario de 10que ocurre en humanos y pequenos animales. Son pocos los relatosque demuestran el uso de Ia biopsia intestinal en Ia rutina clínica, siendo un área promisora para Ia identificación ydiferenciación entre diversas enfermedades que afectan el sistema digestor de caballos. La biopsia intestinal puede serindicada en casos de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (DII), enteropatía proliferativa equina (EPE), disautonomía equina(EquineGrassShickness), neoplasias intestinales, afecciones intestinales isquémicas y en estudios experimentales. Sinembargo, determinadas enfermedades diagnosticadas en países que utilizan con mayor frecuencia Ia biopsia intestinalpueden estar siendo sub-identificadas en Brasil. Por tanto, ese examen complementario puede y debe ser indicado paraelucidación de casos de disturbios gastrointestinales inespecíficos. Así, el objeto de este artículo es presentar y discutirdistintas indicaciones, técnicas y estándares de calidad de biopsias intestinales en equinos.(AU)

Pathological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of an Intestinal Leiomyosarcoma in a Zebra Finch

An adult male Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) with blood in the feces was examined for an internal mass in the abdominal caudal region near to the cloaca. During the necropsy, a large tumor mass around the large intestine was observed. The histopathology was suggestive of smooth muscle tumor and the immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for vimentin, desmin, SMA and KIT for the identification of the tumor histogenesis. The results were consistent with intestinal leiomyosarcoma.

Pathological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of an Intestinal Leiomyosarcoma in a Zebra Finch

An adult male Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) with blood in the feces was examined for an internal mass in the abdominal caudal region near to the cloaca. During the necropsy, a large tumor mass around the large intestine was observed. The histopathology was suggestive of smooth muscle tumor and the immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for vimentin, desmin, SMA and KIT for the identification of the tumor histogenesis. The results were consistent with intestinal leiomyosarcoma.(AU)

Immunohistochemical and morphological features of a small bowel leiomyoma in a black crested macaque (Macaca nigra).

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous gastrointestinal neoplasms in non-human primates are commonly seen in aged individuals. Due to genetic similarities between human and non-human primates, scientists have shown increasing interest in terms of comparative oncology studies. CASE PRESENTATION: The present study is related to a case of an intestinal leiomyoma in a black crested macaque (Macaca nigra), kept on captivity by Matecaña Zoo, Pereira City, Colombia. The animal had abdominal distension, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and behavioral changes. Clinical examination showed an increased volume in the upper right abdominal quadrant caused by a neoplastic mass. The patient died during the surgical procedure. Necropsy revealed several small nodules in the peritoneum with adhesion to different portions of the small and large intestines, liver, stomach and diaphragm. Tissue samples were collected, routinely processed and stained by H&E. Microscopic examination revealed a mesenchymal tumor limited to tunica muscularis, resembling normal smooth muscle cells. Neoplastic cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 by immunohistochemistry. Those morphological and immunohistochemical findings allowed to diagnose the intestinal leiomyoma referred above. CONCLUSION: Neoplastic diseases in primates have multifaceted causes. Their manifestations are understudied, leading to a greater difficulty in detection and measurement of the real impact provides by this disease.

Histopathological and Immunophenotypical Analysis of Canine Mucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma

Rectal adenocarcinomas are uncommon in dogs and usually present poor prognosis. The present work describes the morphological and immunophenotypical findings of a rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a bitch. Histological analysis revealed a malignant epithelial proliferation in a tubulopapillary pattern forming multiple intratubular cell layers. Moderate amount of PAS-positive amorphous eosinophilic content within neoplastic tubules and extruded into the stroma was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed neoplastic cells considered positive for cytokeratin, Her-2, COX-2 and E-caderin and with low p53 expression. A high proliferation index was observed. Based on histological and immunophenotypical findings, the diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma was established.(AU)

Failure to induce tumors in the large intestine of Capuchin mokeys (Cebus apella) by using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.

The purpose of this study was to produce tumors in the large intestine of Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) by the administration of the colonotropic carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The subjects were 12 monkeys, all males, age 30 months, with a mean weight of 2.858 kg. The DMH was administered subcutaneously to six of the monkeys at a dosage of 25 mg/kg of body weight once a week for 16 weeks; control monkeys received an equivalent volume of the stock solution without DMH. Twenty months after administration of the first dose, the animals were sacrificed. None of the monkeys showed intestinal tumors. Samples of the gastrointestinal tract were removed, fixed, and stained according to standard histological techniques. Histological changes were seen in all of the DMH-treated animals; these consisted of glandular hyperplasia and hyperplasia of the epithelium overlying the lymphoid nodules. In addition, foci of dysplasia were found in three of the animals. Our results suggest that the DMH induced pre-neoplastic changes, characterized by hyperplasia and dysplasia, in the mucosa of the large intestine.