Breast cancer and gynecologic risks in lesbian and bisexual women.

ABSTRACT: Lesbian and bisexual women may be at an increased risk for gynecologic infections and breast cancer due to a higher prevalence of factors such as obesity, smoking, and lower pregnancy rates. This article discusses the role of healthcare professionals in preventive screening for breast and gynecologic cancers and promoting healthy living in these patients by avoiding smoking, maintaining an ideal body weight, and limiting alcohol consumption.

The Effects of Logotherapy on Distress, Depression, and Demoralization in Breast Cancer and Gynecological Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Study.

BACKGROUND: Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Breast cancer and gynecological cancer can damage patients' body image and lead to psychological distress, depression, and demoralization syndrome. No studies have explored the effect of logotherapy in gynecological cancer patients' psychological distress, depression, and demoralization. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of logotherapy on distress, depression, and demoralization in breast cancer and gynecological cancer patients. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was used in this study, involving 61 breast cancer and gynecological cancer patients: 31 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Participants in the experimental group received logotherapy 4 to 6 times during the 12 weeks of intervention. Outcomes were measured by the (1) Distress Thermometer, (2) Patient Health Questionnaire, and (3) Demoralization Scale Mandarin Version (DS-MV). RESULTS: Distress Thermometer did not differ between groups, but significant differences in favor of the intervention group were noted in the Patient Health Questionnaire (U = 674.500, P = .002); the DS-MV subcategories of loss of meaning (U = 706.500, P = .000), dysphoria (U = 673.000, P = .002), disheartenment (U = 670.000, P = .003), helplessness (U = 621.000, P = .022), and sense of failure (U = 629.500, P = .016); and the total score of the DS-MV (U = 728.500, P = .000). CONCLUSION: Logotherapy was effective in the reduction of breast cancer and gynecological cancer patients' depression and demoralization. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clinical professionals could add logotherapy to the treatment for breast cancer and gynecological cancer patients to reduce their depression and demoralization.

Gaining insight into the supportive care needs of women experiencing gynaecological cancer: A qualitative study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To gain insight into the supportive care needs of Western Australian women experiencing gynaecological cancer. BACKGROUND: Meeting the supportive care needs of people living with cancer is becoming increasingly important as advances in cancer treatment contribute to growing numbers of survivors. International evidence suggests between 24%-56% of women with gynaecological cancer have unmet supportive care needs and that psychological challenges, information provision and holistic care are priorities. No qualitative investigation has previously explored women's journey of gynaecological cancer within the Australian setting. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive design was used. METHODS: Women treated for gynaecological cancer were recruited from a tertiary public women's hospital in Western Australia. Thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data collected from 190 women over 12 months through written open-ended survey responses and telephone interviews. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) guided presentation of results. RESULTS: Analysis yielded five themes and four subthemes: (a) Communication style directs the experience (subthemes: feeling supported; absence of empathy); (b) It's not just about the disease (subthemes: life has changed; holistic care); (c) A desire for information; (d) Drawing upon resilience; and (e) Navigating the system. DISCUSSION: Exploration of the women's needs leads to the discussion of three concepts. Communication styles, harnessing women's resilience and alternative models of care are evaluated for their capacity to improve care and women's quality of life into survivorship. Recommendations are made for further research and possible interventions that can be translated into the clinical setting. CONCLUSION: Women with gynaecological cancer described complex often unmet supportive care needs and interactions with the healthcare system. Insight gained directs suggestions for improved service provision. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Improved patient-centred communication, harnessing resilience as a resource and alternative models of care for follow-up are encouraged as areas of improvement for clinicians and care services.

Patient and Provider Use of Electronic Care Plans Generated From Patient-Reported Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if patients and providers perceived improved care processes through the delivery of personalized, electronic care plans (CPs) generated from the Carevive Care Planning System™. SAMPLE & SETTING: 121 women (51 with gynecologic cancer from Billings Clinic and 70 with breast cancer from Moffit Cancer Center) completed electronic patient-reported outcome assessments and were given electronically generated, personalized supportive CPs tailored to individual symptoms and local healthcare resources. METHODS & VARIABLES: Quantitative instruments evaluated feasibility, usability, acceptability, and satisfaction of the CPs from patient and provider perspectives. Qualitative interviews described patient perceptions of the CPs. RESULTS: Patients with cancer reported the CPs to be useful. Most perceived that CPs improved team communication, helped find needed resources, and helped manage symptoms. Provider satisfaction was highest with the platform's ability to customize patient recommendations. Interviews indicated that patients with cancer used their CP as a resource, preferred delivery at treatment initiation, and valued information to manage symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses play an integral role in patient education and in discussing individual care. Tailored CPs can be used as a teaching tool that patients with cancer can refer to for self-care.

"Our nurse is the glue for our team" - Multidisciplinary team members' experiences and perceptions of the gynaecological oncology specialist nurse role.

PURPOSE: To determine how members of gynaecological oncology multidisciplinary teams experience and perceive the specialist nurse role. METHODS: Members of gynaecological oncology multidisciplinary teams were recruited via two professional organisations to participate in an online qualitative survey. Survey responses were subjected to an inductive content analysis and categorised according to meaning. RESULTS: Sixty-six (n = 66) multidisciplinary team members participated in the online survey. Most participants worked in metropolitan areas and within the public health care system. 71% (n = 47) of participants had a specialist nurse working in their team. Participants without a specialist nurse in their team (n = 19) believed that this was a disadvantage to the women in their care except where other experienced nurses were able to fill this void. Key aspects of the specialist nurse role identified by multidisciplinary team members included: Contact, communication, and coordination; Support and advocacy; Knowledge and education; Assessment, referral and management. Concerns and disadvantages relating to the role identified by team members included the development of dependence on the specialist nurse, the impact of large workloads, and the oversight of what other nurses can offer the patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study has contributed the perspective of a key stakeholder, the multidisciplinary team, to our understanding of the gynaecological oncology specialist nurse role. Clearer definition of specialist nurse roles is required. Standardised nomenclature and guidelines for practice are recommended to ensure that the specialist nurse role and their scope of practice are clear to key stakeholders and over-dependence on the individual in the role is mitigated.

Caring for Survivors of Gynecologic Cancer: Assessment and Management of Long-term and Late Effects.

OBJECTIVE: To define important aspects of survivorship care for the more than 1.2million survivors of gynecologic cancer currently living in the US. DATA SOURCES: Research articles, reviews, position statements and white papers, and evidence-based guidelines. CONCLUSION: Survivorship care includes a coordinated plan of care, ongoing surveillance, health promotion support, and management of long-term and late effects of treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses need to be aware of the current guidelines for post-treatment surveillance and health promotion recommendations for survivors of gynecologic cancers. Early identification of long-term and late effects of treatment followed by coordinated medical intervention and self-management education are essential to improve quality of life.

Management of Gynecologic Cancers In Relation to Genetic Predisposition.

OBJECTIVE: To review hereditary gynecologic cancer syndromes and outline current clinical management considerations. DATA SOURCES: Retrieved articles and guidelines dated 2013-2018 from PubMed, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health databases. CONCLUSION: Advances in genetic testing technology have allowed for the identification of a growing number of patients with genetic mutations associated with hereditary cancer. Individuals with a hereditary predisposition to cancer may qualify for targeted drug therapies, risk-reducing surgeries, and/or high-risk cancer surveillance depending on the specific gene mutation(s) they harbor. Furthermore, there are clinical implications for relatives. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This article is an educational guide for oncology nurses who often play a key role in identifying patients at risk for hereditary cancer, prompting referrals for genetic evaluation, and providing follow-up care for these patients.

Self-assessment of Goal Achievements Within a Gynecological Cancer Rehabilitation Counseling.

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing focus on patient involvement in cancer rehabilitation. Goal assessment may improve the patient's self-management of life after cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether (1) nurse-led supported goal setting and assessment of goal achievement were feasible in a clinical setting and (2) there was a positive association between women's goal achievement and their self-assessed global health status (GHS). METHODS: Women surgically treated for gynecological cancer were offered rehabilitation counseling consisting of 2 face-to-face sessions and 2 phone calls carried out by a nurse. The Goal Attainment Scale evaluated goal achievement, whereas GHS was assessed with a quality-of-life questionnaire (European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30). RESULTS: One hundred fifty-one women consented to participate; 70% of the women at the first phone call and 72% at the second phone call achieved their goals as "expected" or "more or much more than expected." Endometrial cancer patients more often achieved their goals than ovarian or cervical cancer patients. Approximately 32% of ovarian and 40% of cervical cancer patients scored their goal achievement "below expected." The patients' GHS was not associated with goal attainment measured at each phone call. CONCLUSION: Goal measurement is feasible in cancer rehabilitation, in both goal setting and goal achievement. Goal achievement less than expected levels in women recovering from ovarian or cervical cancer suggests a need for additional support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study supports goal setting and goal achievement as a feasible approach to improve cancer rehabilitation and that nursing professionals can facilitate individualized rehabilitation efforts.

Hopelessness, Death Anxiety, and Social Support of Hospitalized Patients With Gynecologic Cancer and Their Caregivers.

BACKGROUND: Gynecologic cancer can create hopelessness and death anxiety and alter the lifestyle of the affected women and their caregivers. Perceived social support may facilitate coping with this illness. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether hospitalized patients with gynecologic cancer and their caregivers differ in feelings of hopelessness and death anxiety and how those conditions may be related to their social support. METHODS: Two hundred patients with gynecologic cancer and their 200 caregivers from 1 university hospital were enrolled in this descriptive correlational study. Study measures included a demographic form, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Thorson-Powell's Death Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using Student t test, Pearson correlation test, and linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Patients had higher hopelessness and death anxiety compared with caregivers (P < .001). Patients' perceived social support explained 35% of the total variance in hopelessness and 28% of the variance in death anxiety; caregivers' perceived social support explained 40% of the total variance in hopelessness and 12% of the variance in death anxiety. CONCLUSION: Patients felt hopelessness and death anxiety in greater rates than caregivers. Social support had a significant effect on hopelessness and death anxiety of patients and their caregivers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses, who are the healthcare professionals spending time with patients and families from diagnosis forward, need to evaluate patients and their caregivers for hopelessness and death anxiety and consider their social support systems during this evaluation.

The Role of the Specialist Nurse in Gynaecological Cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explore the role of the specialist nurse within gynaecological cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: There are many different job titles associated with the role of the specialist nurse. Nursing roles are evolving not only to meet the increasing demands on services but also within the ever changing landscape of cancer treatments and improvement in survival. Women and their families need specialist nurses to guide and support them on their cancer journey, along the treatment trajectory and into survivorship. This paper explores specialist nurse roles generally, and within our service which have been adapted to meet service and patient needs within a gynaecological cancer centre. Irrelevant of title, specialist nurses are best suited to meet the patients' needs. The fundamental ethos of the care should always remain having the patients' best interest at heart, acting as their advocate - in essence giving them a voice when they need it.

The Danish Gynecological Cancer Nursing Database: Creating Evidence for Quality Improvements in Preoperative and Postoperative Cancer Care.

OBJECTIVE: Quality of preoperative and postoperative care is crucial to improve postoperative outcome of cancer surgery and to ensure that neither complications nor a poor general condition delays any subsequent radiochemotherapy or recovery. On this background, the Danish Gynecological Cancer Database (DGCD) established a nursing database in 2011. The aim of DGCD Nursing is to monitor the quality of preoperative and postoperative care and to generate data for research. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In accordance with the current data protection legislation, real-time data are entered by clinical nurses at all national cancer centers. The DGCD Nursing includes data of preoperative and postoperative care, and nurses are independently represented in the steering committee. The aim of the present article is to present the first results from DGCD Nursing and the national care improvements that have followed. RESULTS: With national coverage of an average of 94%, 5726 patients have been registered since 2011. In patients undergoing surgery for ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, 436 different variables monitor central preoperative and postoperative care elements within mobilization, nutritional status, pain score, vital functions, and psychosocial support. CONCLUSIONS: At national level, DGCD offers a comprehensive overview of the total patient pathway within gynecological cancer surgery. The DGCD Nursing has added to the quality and implementation of evidence-based preoperative and postoperative care and in addition supported formation of professional networks. With a continued validation of data, DGCD Nursing now constitutes a sound and unique basis for research within the field of preoperative and postoperative cancer care.

Perceived Needs, Preparedness, and Emotional Distress of Male Caregivers of Postsurgical Women With Gynecologic Cancer

OBJECTIVES: To describe the perceived needs, preparedness, and emotional distress of male caregivers of postsurgical patients with gynecologic cancer during the transition from hospital to home. 
. SAMPLE & SETTING: 50 male caregivers of patients with gynecologic cancer on an inpatient unit at University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center in Cleveland, OH.
. METHODS & VARIABLES: Caregiver needs, perceived preparedness, and emotional distress were measured at admission and at one week postdischarge. Instruments included the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool for Cancer Caregivers, Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer. The analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlations, and univariate linear regressions.
. RESULTS: At both time points, male caregivers' greatest needs were interaction with the healthcare staff and information. Perceived preparedness was not associated with emotional distress. Male caregivers who were young, were employed, were unmarried, and had a lower income had greater needs.
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: A relational nursing care approach that maintains effective communication with male caregivers is essential. Nurses should broaden the caregiver assessment beyond the practical care of the patient.

Supportive care needs and quality of life of patients with gynecological cancer undergoing therapy

Objective: To identify the relationship of unmet supportive care needs with quality of life of patients with gynecological cancer undergoing therapy. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 153 patients with gynecological cancer undergoing therapy were recruited using consecutive sampling methods. The participants completed the questionnaire of Supportive Care Needs Survey to identify their supportive care needs, EORTC-QLQ 30 to assess their general quality of life, and EORTC-QLQ-CX 24 or - OV 28 to determine cancer-specific quality of life in cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, respectively. Results: Most of the participants (96.1%) reported their unmet needs of supportive care predominantly in the physical domain (80.4%). Unmet supportive care needs were found to be statistically significantly related to quality of life in the global health, functional, and symptom domains (p value 1=0.003, p value 2=<0.001, and p value 3= 0.001; r1=-0.235, r2=0.306, and r3=0.268, respectively). Conclusions: Patients with gynecological cancer needs various supportive care during treatment. These supportive care needs should be identified early at the time of diagnosis and continued throughout the disease and treatment trajectory to the survivorship point. Otherwise, unmet supportive care needs may lead to a low quality of life

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Trial of Optimal Personalised Care After Treatment-Gynaecological Cancer (TOPCAT-G): A Randomized Feasibility Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of completing a parallel-group randomized controlled trial to compare usual follow-up care for women who have completed treatment of gynecological cancer against a nurse-led telephone intervention, known as Optimal Personalised Care After Treatment-Gynaecological. METHODS: The unblinded trial aimed to recruit patients who had completed treatment of cervical, endometrial, epithelial ovarian, or vulval cancer within the previous 3 months at 3 North Wales hospitals. We randomized participants to either usual hospital-based follow-up or specialist nurse-led telephone education, empowerment, and structured needs assessment follow-up. The primary outcomes assessed the feasibility of running a larger trial including patient eligibility, recruitment and retention rates, and outcome measure completion. Secondary outcomes were generic and health-related quality of life and a patient self-report health service use (Client Service Receipt Inventory) data collected at 3 time points (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months). RESULTS: Of the 58 women screened, 44 were eligible (76%) and 24 (55%) were recruited and randomized (12:12 to control and intervention, respectively). One participant was lost to follow-up. Recruited participants had a mean (SD) age of 60 (11.2) years and were approximately 5 months from their initial diagnosis (mean [SD], 159 [58] days). Seventeen (71%) of the participants had an endometrial cancer diagnosis. All outcome measure completion rates exceeded 96%. Although not a core feasibility objective, analyses of outcome measures indicated positive changes in quality of life and well-being within the Optimal Personalised Care After Treatment-Gynaecological group; exploratory cost consequence analysis indicated that the nurse-led intervention had a mean total service use cost of £27 per patient (bootstrapped 95% confidence interval, -£290 to £240) lower than did the standard care group. CONCLUSION: Eligibility, recruitment, and retention rates as well as outcome measure completion showed that the trial is feasible.

Nurses' perceptions of providing psychosexual care for women experiencing gynaecological cancer.

PURPOSE: To gain insight into how Western Australian nurses conceptualise the provision of psychosexual care for women undergoing gynaecological cancer treatment and how this aligns with nurses globally. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design was chosen to facilitate insight into nurses' perspectives of their reality. Seventeen nurses working at a tertiary women's hospital in Western Australia participated in one-on-one interviews and were asked to describe their perceptions and identify factors that facilitate or challenge psychosexual care provision. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed five themes affecting the provision of psychosexual care: (1) Nurses use strategies to aid the conversation (subthemes: supporting the woman, facilitating engagement); (2) Women have unique psychosexual needs (subthemes: diversity, receptiveness); (3) Nurses are influenced by personal and professional experience and values (subthemes: confidence, values, making assumptions); (4) Systems within the health service affect care (subthemes: being supported by the system, working as a team); and (5) Society influences attitudes around sexuality. Nurses' views differed around whether these factors had a positive or negative impact on the conversation required to provide this care. CONCLUSIONS: Factors influencing nurses' provision of psychosexual care are multifaceted and differ amongst nurses. Recommended strategies to improve service provision include guidelines and documentation to integrate assessment of psychosexual issues as standard care, encouraging shared responsibility of psychosexual care amongst the multidisciplinary team and implementing education programs focussed on improving nurses' confidence and communication skills.

Oncology Nurse Navigation: Development and Implementation of a Program at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
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BACKGROUND: Oncology nurse navigation programs enhance coordination of care and patient satisfaction. 
. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the effect of oncology nurse navigation on access to care, patient and provider satisfaction, and clinical trial enrollment of patients with hematologic or gynecologic malignancies.
. METHODS: A descriptive cohort study with a historic control was undertaken. Data were collected from electronic health records and patient and provider surveys in two disease-specific groups.
. FINDINGS: A significant decrease in the mean days from first provider visit to first therapy was observed in the hematology population. In both groups, time from contact to first visit and from first visit to initiation of treatment decreased. Mean satisfaction survey scores for both groups were high regarding relationships with the navigator and care received. Providers were highly satisfied with the program, and the navigation program did not increase clinical trials enrollment.

Experiences of gynecological cancer patients receiving care from specialist nurses: a qualitative systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The care needs of women with gynecological cancer are complex and change over the course of their cancer journey. Specialist nurses are well positioned to play a role in meeting the needs of women with gynecological cancer although their role and scope of practice have not been well defined. As patients are a key stakeholder, understanding their experience of care is an important step in better defining the role and scope of practice of specialist nurses in gynecological oncology in Australia and New Zealand. OBJECTIVES: This review sought to consider gynecological cancer patients' experiences of specialist nursing care. Exploring the patient's experience of care by a specialist nurse is one step in the process of better defining the role and scope of practice of specialist gynecological-oncology nurses in Australia and New Zealand. INCLUSION CRITERIA TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS: This review included studies with a focus on women with gynecological cancer who had been cared for by a specialist nurse. Studies of women with gynecological cancer at any point on the continuum of care from pre-diagnosis to survivorship or end of life, including those with a recurrence of the disease, were included, with no limit to the duration of care received for inclusion in the review. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST: Studies that explored how women with gynecological cancer experience the care and interventions of specialist nurses were included. TYPES OF STUDIES: Qualitative studies including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research were considered for review. This review also considered the qualitative components of mixed method studies. CONTEXT: Research conducted in any country was considered for inclusion in this review providing that the study was reported in English. Studies conducted in any setting including, but not limited to, acute hospitals, outpatient/ambulatory clinics, chemotherapy or radiotherapy units, support groups, palliative care units or the patient's home were included. SEARCH STRATEGY: A three-step search strategy was utilized in this review. An initial limited search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken followed by a comprehensive search using all identified keywords and index terms across all included databases. The reference lists of all identified reports and articles were hand searched for additional studies. METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY: Each paper was independently assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion in the review using the standardized critical appraisal instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute the Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument. When disagreement arose between the reviewers, the given paper was independently appraised by a third reviewer. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted from papers included in the review using the standardized data extraction tool from Joanna Briggs Institute the Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument. Data extraction was completed independently by two reviewers. DATA SYNTHESIS: Extracted findings from seven included papers were grouped according to similarity in meaning from which 11 categories were developed. These categories were then subjected to a meta-synthesis that produced a set of three synthesized findings. RESULTS: Key findings were extracted from six included papers and classified as unequivocal (U) or credible (C). A total of 30 findings were extracted and aggregated into 11 categories based on similarity in meaning. From the 11 categories, three synthesized findings were developed: i) Tailored care: specialist nurses play a role in understanding and meeting the individual needs of women with gynecological cancer; ii) Accessible care: specialist nurses guide women with gynecological cancer along the continuum of care and are an easily accessed source of knowledge and support; iii) Dependable expertise: women with gynecological cancer express trust and reassurance in the experience and expertise of the specialist nurse. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review synthesized the findings of seven studies that captured the experiences of women with gynecological cancer who received care from a specialist nurse. The specialist nurse offers tailored, accessible and expert care to women with gynecological cancer. From the synthesis it is recommended that women with gynecological cancer have access to the services of a specialist nurse at key points on the continuum of care, that specialist nurses provide information to patients on their disease and treatment in the form preferred by the patient and ensure that this information has been understood, and that specialist nurses are afforded time to spend with patients to enable greater exploration and identification of patient needs and the provision of personalized care. Further study that considers other key stakeholders in the specialist nurse role in gynecological oncology is recommended in order to gain a full understanding of specialist nurses' contribution to the care of women with gynecological cancer. Additionally, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to seek the perspectives of women with gynecological cancer from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and Indigenous populations on specialist nursing care as they appear to be under-represented in current research.

How the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research Can Strengthen Findings and Improve Translation of Research Into Practice: A Case Study.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To answer how the planned intervention was performed in routine care, which factors supported or distracted from its implementation, and how key organizational structures have been built and sustained.
. RESEARCH APPROACH: Mixed-methods process evaluation.
. SETTING: Two German outpatient cancer clinics.
. PARTICIPANTS: Purposive sampling of 297 recruited patients with gynecologic cancer, their treating oncology nurses, and their interprofessional healthcare team, and the clinical stakeholders of two different outpatient cancer clinics.
. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH: Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), five distinct interrelated substudies were designed to evaluate intervention characteristics, inner and outer settings, characteristics of the individuals involved, and the process of implementation. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed separately and then integrated into a framework analysis.
. FINDINGS: Oncology nurses found the regular process analytic sessions to be beneficial, not only for sharing their experience, but also for experiencing social support and social connectedness.
. INTERPRETATION: Key implementation facets of the nurse-led intervention will be examined systematically. The results can guide future implementation processes, which need to be tailored to interested facilities.
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: The CFIR framework is well established but not yet widely applied in supportive treatment research. The current study aims to apply and combine this framework with the concept of intervention fidelity.