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1.
Folia Morphol (Warsz) ; 77(3): 441-446, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29131277

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Communications between the median, ulnar and musculocutaneous nerves in the arm, forearm and hand were reported in adult cadaveric and electrophysiological studies. These communicant branches may lead conflicting clinical and electrodiagnostic outcomes. While there are many studies on adult patients or cadavers, there is poor regarding foetuses. The present study was conducted to examine the frequencies of these communications and their coexistences in human foetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anterior aspect of the forearms of 50 foetuses (29 females, 20 males, and 1 unknown) were dissected bilaterally (totally 100 sides) for this purpose. RESULTS: Communications between the median and the musculocutaneous nerves in the arm were found unilaterally in 4%. Communications from the median to the ulnar nerve in the forearm were encountered unilaterally in 22%, and bilaterally in 12%; from the ulnar to the median nerve in the hand unilaterally in 28%, and bilaterally in 12%. Coexistence of all these variations was not encountered in any foetus. But coexistence of two different types of communicant branch was encountered in 4%. CONCLUSIONS: Precise knowledge of nerve communications, variations and rate of coexistences in foetuses may have significance for clinicians and researchers dealing with subjects in foetal period.


Assuntos
Feto/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Mediano/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Musculocutâneo/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Ulnar/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Feto/embriologia , Humanos , Masculino , Nervo Mediano/embriologia , Nervo Musculocutâneo/embriologia , Nervo Ulnar/embriologia
2.
Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn ; 93(1): 15-20, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27725357

RESUMO

In comparative anatomy, the musculocutaneous nerve is hypothesized to pass between the superficial and deep muscle bellies of the coracobrachialis muscle. The superficial belly is supplied by nerve branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, while the deep belly by the musculocutaneous nerve. Observations of longitudinal sections of ten human embryonic arms (7 weeks; crown-rump length 26-32 mm) demonstrated that the coracobrachialis muscle was always continuous with the short head of the biceps muscle. If the aforementioned hypothesis was applied, the deep belly behind the musculocutaneous nerve course was continuous with the biceps. However, such a close relation between the coracobrachialis and biceps was not known in supplying nerves in adults. A further study using embryos of some apes without the deep belly of the coracobrachialis would be necessary for the comparison between a pattern of the embryonic muscle division and the muscle classification in comparative anatomy.


Assuntos
Anatomia Comparada , Músculo Esquelético/embriologia , Nervo Musculocutâneo/embriologia , Plexo Braquial/embriologia , Estatura Cabeça-Cóccix , Humanos
3.
Morphologie ; 96(313): 51-4, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23017839

RESUMO

We report here a rare variation of median nerve in an adult male cadaver observed during routine cadaveric dissection. A meticulous dissection was performed and the observations were noted. On left side, median nerve was formed from lateral cord. On right side, median nerve was formed by fusion of two slightly longer roots. The communicating branch from median nerve goes laterally to join musculocutaneous nerve. This communicating branch lies between biceps brachii and brachialis muscle and gives small branches to brachialis muscle. Knowledge of these variations is important to anatomists, radiologists, anaesthesiologists and surgeons, which may contribute to the explanation of diagnosis and surgical treatment, which can prevent any postoperative complications during surgery. The knowledge of this anatomical variation is important specially when performing plexus bloc or Latarjet's procedure.


Assuntos
Nervo Mediano/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Musculocutâneo/anatomia & histologia , Plexo Braquial/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Humanos , Masculino , Nervo Mediano/embriologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nervo Musculocutâneo/embriologia
4.
Clin Anat ; 24(2): 168-78, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21268120

RESUMO

The purpose of this morphologic study is to investigate the course and the branching pattern of motor branches of musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) in human fetuses. Twenty upper limbs (10 right, 10 left) of spontaneously aborted formalin-fixed fetuses were dissected under a stereomicroscope to determine motor branches for the biceps brachii and brachialis and the communicating branches between the MCN and median nerve (MN). The MCN entered the proximal and middle part of coracobrachialis in 13/20 and 5/20 of arms, respectively, and the remaining 2/20 did not pierce coracobrachialis. The communication between MCN and MN was observed in 5/20 of the arms and detected only in the distal part of the coracobrachialis. The most frequently observed innervation is the type wherein a single branch to biceps brachii, which bifurcated for supplying the short and long heads (12/20). For the innervation of brachialis, the most frequent type was a single branch from the main trunk of the MCN (15/20). During the dissections, the distance between the acromion and the emerging point of the motor branches was measured. The mean distance between the acromion and the emerging point of the all motor branches for biceps brachii in all types of specimens was 33.8 ± 6.1% of acromion-lateral epicondyle length and for brachialis was 50.6 ± 11.5% of acromion-lateral epicondyle length. The data of the MCN variations in the human fetus may be useful for the clinicians and pediatric surgery.


Assuntos
Braço/embriologia , Feto/embriologia , Neurônios Motores/citologia , Músculo Esquelético/embriologia , Nervo Musculocutâneo/embriologia , Aborto Espontâneo , Braço/inervação , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Nervo Musculocutâneo/citologia
5.
Clin Anat ; 22(3): 337-45, 2009 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19090002

RESUMO

The course and branches of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) were dissected in 140 human fetal arms. The MCN entered the superior, middle, and inferior part of coracobrachialis in 43%, 37%, and 17% of arms, respectively, and the remaining 3% did not pierce coracobrachialis. The motor branches to biceps were classified as follows: Type 1 (83.6%): a single branch that bifurcated to supply the two heads of biceps; Type 2 (14.3%): two separate branches each innervating one head of biceps; Type 3 (2.1%): a single branch that bifurcated to supply each head of biceps plus an additional branch that innervated the distal part of biceps. The motor branches to brachialis were classified as follows: Type 1 (93.6%): a single branch to brachialis; Type 2 (6.4%): a single branch that bifurcated into two branches both supplying brachialis. Communications between the MCN and the median nerve (MN) were observed in 10% of specimens, of which three types (A, B, C) could be identified depending on their origin and union. In the most frequently observed type (B, 50% of cases) the communicating branch arose from the proximal part of the MCN and joined the MN in the middle or distal part of arm. The data presented here will be of use to surgeons, especially pediatric surgeons who undertake surgical procedures in the axilla and arm.


Assuntos
Feto/embriologia , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Nervo Musculocutâneo/embriologia , Aborto Espontâneo , Braço/inervação , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Masculino
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