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1.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract ; 51(2): 357-364, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33558012

RESUMO

Although lameness of the thoracic limb typically is due to orthopedic disease, there are several important neurologic conditions that result in lameness. Neurologic diseases cause lameness due to disease of the nerves, nerve roots, spinal cord, or muscles. Common differentials include lateralized intervertebral disc extrusions, caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler disease), brachial plexus avulsion, neuritis, and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Many of these diseases compress or destroy the nerve roots of the cervical intumescence, resulting in non-weight-bearing lameness, or root signature. Advanced diagnostics, such as magnetic resonance imaging, are necessary in these cases to determine the underlying cause.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Membro Anterior , Coxeadura Animal , Animais , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Vértebras Cervicais , Cães , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/veterinária , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/veterinária , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Exame Neurológico/veterinária , Doenças da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterinária
2.
Vet Surg ; 46(1): 136-144, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28052417

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cervical nerve 8 cross-transfer technique (C8CT) as a part of surgical treatment of caudal brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) in the dog. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs suspected to have caudal BPA based on neurological examination and electrophysiological testing (n = 3). METHODS: The distal stump of the surgically transected contralateral C8 ventral branch (donor) was bridged to the proximal stump of the avulsed C8 ventral branch (recipient) and secured with 9-0 polypropylene suture under an operating microscope. A carpal panarthrodesis was performed on the injured limb after C8CT. RESULTS: Surgical exploration confirmed avulsion of nerve roots C7, C8, and T1 in all cases. There was no evidence of an iatrogenic effect on the donor forelimb. Gradual improvement in function of the affected forelimb occurred in all dogs, with eventual recovery of voluntary elbow extension. Reinnervation was evident in EMG recordings 6 months postoperatively in all three dogs. Stimulation of the donor C8 ventral branch led to motor evoked potentials in the avulsed side triceps brachialis and radial carpus extensor muscles. Variable functional outcome was observed in the 3 dogs during clinical evaluation 3-4 years after surgery. Digital abrasion wounds, distal interphalangeal infectious arthritis, and self-mutilation necessitated distal phalanx amputation of digits 3 and 4 in 2 dogs. CONCLUSION: C8CT provided partial reconnection of the donor C8 ventral branch to the avulsed brachial plexus in the 3 dogs of this series. Reinnervation resulted in active elbow extension and promoted functional recovery in the affected limb.


Assuntos
Plexo Braquial/lesões , Cães/lesões , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Transferência de Nervo/veterinária , Nervo Acessório/transplante , Animais , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/cirurgia , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Cães/cirurgia , Feminino , Transferência de Nervo/métodos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica
3.
Vet Rec ; 171(16): 401, 2012 Oct 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22952132

RESUMO

Partial brachial plexus paresis was diagnosed in three calves with unilateral functional lameness in a forelimb based on clinical and neurologic examinations. Clinical signs of radial nerve paresis were the main presenting problems. Electromyography was used to identify the affected nerves with the calves under general anaesthesia. Abnormal spontaneous activity of denervated muscles showed that the radial, musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves were compromised. The calves were treated medically, using splint bandages, and with physiotherapy. All calves regained function of the affected legs and normal weight bearing.


Assuntos
Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Degeneração Neural/veterinária , Paresia/veterinária , Animais , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/terapia , Bovinos , Eletromiografia/veterinária , Feminino , Membro Anterior , Coxeadura Animal/diagnóstico , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Atrofia Muscular/veterinária , Degeneração Neural/diagnóstico , Degeneração Neural/terapia , Paresia/diagnóstico , Paresia/terapia , Nervo Ulnar/patologia
4.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound ; 50(5): 502-5, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19788034

RESUMO

A dog with traumatic monoplegia had a spinal cord lesion, identified using conventional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, the intrathecal use of gadopentate dimeglumine allowed identification of two sites of cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the vertebral canal, supporting a diagnosis of brachial plexus avulsion. Veterinary


Assuntos
Plexo Braquial/lesões , Meios de Contraste , Cães/lesões , Dura-Máter/lesões , Gadolínio DTPA , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Animais , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/etiologia , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Gadolínio DTPA/administração & dosagem , Injeções Espinhais/veterinária
5.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol ; 22(5): 427-9, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19750291

RESUMO

A variety of clinical disorders caused by the foreign body reaction to migrating plant material have been reported in the dog. In this report, we describe a novel presentation in an adult dog in which this condition produced signs of progressive thoracic limb lameness and cervical spinal pain, mimicking a tumour of the brachial plexus.


Assuntos
Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Corpos Estranhos/veterinária , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/veterinária , Animais , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/etiologia , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/patologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Corpos Estranhos/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/patologia , Plantas
6.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 234(2): 240-4, 2009 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19210244

RESUMO

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was examined because of bilateral thoracic limb weakness of acute onset. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs included muscle atrophy, paresis, depressed spinal reflexes, hyperesthesia of the thoracic limbs, and reduced jaw muscle tone. Pelvic limb reflexes were normal. Results of a neurologic examination were suggestive of multifocal lesions involving both brachial plexuses and the trigeminal nerves. Abnormal nerve conduction across the brachial plexus and delayed late potentials were found on electrodiagnostic testing, and diffuse subclinical involvement of other regions of the peripheral nervous system was confirmed on the basis of abnormal electromyographic findings for the masticatory muscles and conduction block of the peroneal nerve. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: No specific treatments were given, and neurologic signs resolved within a month. A relapse occurred 2 months after the first episode, with clinical signs affecting both the pelvic and the thoracic limbs on this occasion. Again, the condition resolved without specific treatment, and 13 months after the initial episode, the cat reportedly was normal. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that brachial plexus neuropathy can be a multifocal disease in cats, even if clinically apparent neurologic deficits are initially subtle or absent, and that electrodiagnostic techniques can be used to identify subclinical involvement of the peripheral nerves.


Assuntos
Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Paresia/veterinária , Animais , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/complicações , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Gatos , Eletrodiagnóstico , Fenômenos Eletrofisiológicos , Feminino , Membro Anterior , Coxeadura Animal/diagnóstico , Atrofia Muscular/complicações , Atrofia Muscular/diagnóstico , Atrofia Muscular/veterinária , Degeneração Neural/complicações , Degeneração Neural/diagnóstico , Degeneração Neural/veterinária , Paresia/diagnóstico , Paresia/etiologia , Nervo Fibular/patologia , Nervo Fibular/fisiopatologia , Nervo Radial/patologia , Nervo Radial/fisiopatologia , Nervo Tibial/patologia , Nervo Tibial/fisiopatologia , Nervo Ulnar/patologia , Nervo Ulnar/fisiopatologia
7.
Vet J ; 182(1): 108-13, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18602850

RESUMO

Brachial plexus trauma is a common clinical entity in small animal practice and prognostic indicators are essential early in the course of the disease. Magnetic stimulation of the radial nerve and consequent recording of the magnetic motor evoked potential (MMEP) was examined in 36 dogs and 17 cats with unilateral brachial plexus trauma. Absence of deep pain perception (DPP), ipsilateral loss of panniculus reflex, partial Horner's syndrome and a poor response to MMEP were related to the clinical outcome in 29 of the dogs and 13 of the cats. For all animals, a significant difference was found in MMEP between the normal and the affected limb. Absence of DPP and unilateral loss of the panniculus reflex were indicative of an unsuccessful outcome in dogs. Additionally, the inability to evoke a MMEP was associated with an unsuccessful outcome in all animals. It was concluded that magnetic stimulation of the radial nerve in dogs and cats with brachial plexus trauma may provide an additional diagnostic and prognostic tool.


Assuntos
Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Plexo Braquial/lesões , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Magnetoterapia/veterinária , Neuropatia Radial/veterinária , Animais , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/terapia , Doenças do Gato/terapia , Gatos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Potencial Evocado Motor/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Condução Nervosa/fisiologia , Prognóstico , Nervo Radial , Neuropatia Radial/diagnóstico , Neuropatia Radial/terapia , Sensação/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound ; 46(6): 514-7, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16396270

RESUMO

Five dogs with unilateral thoracic limb lameness, neurologic deficits, muscle atrophy, and pain, or a combination of these signs, were examined using ultrasonograghy. Large, hypoechoic tubular masses that displaced vessels and destroyed the normal architecture were found in each dog. The affected axilla of each patient was then imaged with computed tomography or magnetic resonance to fully assess the extent of the masses. We describe the use of ultrasound in screening patients for brachial plexus tumors.


Assuntos
Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Coxeadura Animal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/veterinária , Animais , Neuropatias do Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Feminino , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Masculino , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia
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