From hospital unit to intestinal failure center: Twenty years of history.

AIM: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is one of the most demanding medical therapies as it is the only option for patients for intestinal failure (IF). No unequivocal policy on how to start and progress with HPN has ever been presented. The IF Center at the Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital in Skawina is one of the biggest centers in Poland, celebrating its twentieth birthday last year. It offered the unique chance to present how to create and grow the IF center, increasing the quality of care. The above became the aim of this study. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all medical records of HPN patients from the University Hospital and Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital in Skawina. Patient profile, clinical course and treatment outcomes were assessed. The evolution of all aspects of HPN is presented. A brief historical perspective has been added to better illustrate the center's growth and transformation. RESULTS: 608 patients (363 female, 245 male, mean age 55.55 year) from all over Poland were treated between December 1999 and December 2019. The most frequent indication for HPN was mechanical obstruction (277, 45.7%), followed by short bowel syndrome (SBS, 208, 34.3%) and intestinal fistula (46, 7.59%). The most common primary disease was cancer (n = 267), followed by mesenteric ischemia (n = 104), and surgical complications (n = 62). 314 patients (51.8%) died. 73 (12.04%) were successfully weaned off PN. The catheter infection rate reached 0.39/1000 catheter days. CONCLUSIONS: the founding of the HPN center and its further development is possible provided that there is team of dedicated people, supported by hospital base. The real growth opportunity is guaranteed by the reimbursement. It is necessary to adapt to the changing circumstances.

Veintiséis años del registro NADYA de SENPE. Una nueva etapa / Twenty-six years of NADYA-SENPE register. A new step

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Early History of Home Parenteral Nutrition: From Hospital to Home.

Technologic advances in the past century have led to the ability to safely deliver parenteral nutrition (PN) to hospitalized patients. Key breakthroughs included the development of saline and glucose infusions, infusion pumps, macronutrients (lipids, dextrose, and amino acids), and central venous catheters. In the 1960s, centrally delivered PN was performed in short-term hospitalized patients by Lincoln James Lawson (North Staffordshire Royal Infirmatory, United Kingdom) and long-term patients by Stanley Dudrick (University of Pennsylvania, United States). These early studies showed that a system was needed that would allow patients with intestinal failure to be discharged from the hospital and receive home PN (HPN). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Belding Scribner, Maurice Shils, Khursheed Jeejeebhoy, Marvin Ament, Dudrick, and their teams discharged patients from the hospital who then self-administered HPN. Shortly after these early cases of HPN, multidisciplinary centers were established first in North America, and later in Europe, to manage these complex cases. The current article describes the patients treated by these early HPN pioneers, in addition to subsequent case series reported by them and others.

Twenty five years of outsourcing home parenteral nutrition: experience of the La Paz University Hospital, Madrid / Veinticinco años de outsourcing de la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria: experiencia del Hospital Universitario la Paz de Madrid

Background: Most of adult patients with home parenteral nutrition (HPN) assisted by the Clinical Nutrition and Diethetics Unit at Hospital Universitario La Paz have been receiving for more than 20 years their nutrition formula through a catering system that processes and delivers food directly to patients’ homes. Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics, the quality of life and the degree of satisfaction with the support received from patients with home parenteral nutrition assisted by the catering system Nutriservice for their nutrition formulas. Methods and materials: We collected the characteristics from patients who used Nutriservice home parenteral nutrition formulas, from 1992 to present. Patients on an active treatment completed a quality of life questionnaire about the catering system and the support they received from our Unit. Results: 78 patients were included in the sample, 57.7% men, mean age 53.1±14.3. Cancer was the most frequent main condition, as much for late stages (34%) as for active treatment (34%). The main reason for HPN was bowel obstruction (46%). The nutritional support lasted for a median of 96 days (1-5334). The most frequent complications were infections associated with the catheter (72%). The results were analysed following the main underlying condition for patients classification: late stage cancer, active treatment cancer and better prognostic and non-oncologic pathology. Patients in active treatment considered their quality of life affected and the positively assessed the service from Nutriservice and the support from the Nutrition Unit. Conclusions: Our experience shows that cancer patients are those who most frequently receive home parenteral nutrition, and it is very frequent at late stages. The severity of the main condition goes together with the complexity of HPN. Catering systems could well be an efficient alternative to improve the quality of life in some of these patients (AU)

Introducción: La mayoría de los pacientes adultos con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) que dependen de la Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética del Hospital Universitario La Paz, reciben desde hace más de 20 años la fórmula de nutrición a través de un sistema de catering que elabora y distribuye directamente al domicilio del paciente. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas, calidad de vida y grado de satisfacción con la atención recibida de los pacientes con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria que recibieron las fórmulas de nutrición mediante el sistema de catering: Nutriservice. Material y métodos: Se recogen retrospectivamente las características de los pacientes que utilizaron fórmulas de nutrición parenteral en su domicilio a través de Nutriservice, desde el año 1992 hasta la actualidad. Los pacientes en tratamiento activo realizaron un cuestionario de calidad de vida y encuesta de satisfacción sobre el sistema de catering y la atención prestada por nuestra Unidad. Resultados: Se registraron 78 pacientes, el 57,7% eran hombres y la edad media 53,1±14,3 años. La patología de base más frecuente fue el cáncer, tanto en estadios avanzados (34%) como en tratamiento activo (34%). El motivo principal de indicación fue la obstrucción intestinal (46%).La duración del soporte nutricional tuvo una mediana de 96 días (1-5334). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las infecciones relacionadas con el catéter (72%). Se analizaron los resultados, clasificando a los pacientes según la enfermedad de base: cáncer en estadio avanzado, cáncer en tratamiento activo y mejor pronóstico y patología no oncológica. Los pacientes en tratamiento activo consideraron afectada su calidad de vida y valoraron positivamente el servicio ofrecido por Nutriservice y la atención recibida de la Unidad de Nutrición. Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia, los pacientes oncológicos son los que con mayor frecuencia tienen nutrición parenteral domiciliaria, siendo muy frecuente su indicación en estadios avanzados de la enfermedad. A la gravedad de la patología de base se une la complejidad de la NPD. Los sistemas de catering podrían ser una alternativa eficaz para mejorar la calidad de vida en algunos de estos pacientes (AU)

Jonathan E Rhoads lecture: experiences and observations in the management of patients with short bowel syndrome.

In an era before parenteral nutrition (PN) was made practical by Stanley Dudrick, MD, and his colleagues, patients with prolonged intestinal dysfunction or short bowel syndrome would often die of malnutrition or its sequelae. Over the past 4 decades, the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome had progressed from PN in the hospital to small bowel transplantation. Multimodal therapies have evolved in the management of these patients, including specialized diets and enteral supplements, oral rehydration fluids, antisecretory medication, and the use of growth factors. Home PN is lifesaving when these modalities are ineffective and a surgical procedure to restore or enhance gastrointestinal tract length or absorptive potential is impossible. Small intestine transplantation had been used to salvage those patients who developed life-threatening complications of home PN, but as the survival after intestinal transplant has approached that of liver transplantation, it may soon be considered as primary therapy for patients with short bowel syndrome. This article presents the author's experiences and observations after a 4-decade experience in the management of patients with short bowel syndrome.

Os primórdios da nutrição clínica no Brasil: estudo observacional não controlado / The beginnings of clinical nutrition in Brazil: uncontrolled observational study / Los inicios de la nutrición clínica en Brasil: estudio observacional no controlado

A história pregressa e as condições predisponentes para o advento da moderna nutrição clínica no Brasil são examinadas. O formato escolhido foi um estudo retrospectivo não aleatorizado nem controlado, porém incluindo estimativas estatísticas. Após uma contextualização do problema, as alternativas disponíveis e suas dificuldades são relatadas. Conclui-se que uma convergência de circunstâncias incomuns abriu caminho para a eclosão de uma sociedade de nutrição organizada no país em 1975.

The medical history and predisposing conditions for the advent of modern clinical nutrition in Brazil are examined. The format chosen was a retrospective non-randomized or controlled, but including statistical estimates. After a contextualization of the problem, the available alternatives and their difficulties are reported. We conclude that a convergence of unusual circumstances paved the way for the emergence of a nutrition company organized in the country in 1975.

La historia médica y las condiciones predisponentes para la aparición de la nutrición clínica moderna en Brasil se examinan. El formato elegido fue un estudio retrospectivo no aleatorizado o controlado, pero incluyendo las estimaciones estadísticas. Después de una contextualización del problema, las alternativas disponibles y las dificultades que se presentan. Llegamos a la conclusión de que una convergencia de circunstancias inusuales allanó el camino para el surgimiento de una compañía de nutrición organizada en el país en 1975.