Ochrobactrum anthropi infection following corneal transplantation -a case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Ochrobactrum anthropi is widely distributed and primarily infects patients with compromised immune functions . Historically, O. anthropi has been considered to possess low toxicity and pathogenicity; however, recent studies suggest that it may in fact cause severe purulent infections. In this case study, we examine a case of O. anthropi infection following corneal transplantation, exploring the occurrence and outcomes of such post-operative infections. CASE PRESENTATION: A retrospective analysis of cases involved examinations, genetic testing for diagnosis, and subsequent treatment. In patients undergoing partial penetrating keratoplasty with a fungal corneal ulcer perforation, anterior chamber exudation and purulence were observed post-surgery. Despite antifungal treatment, genetic testing of the anterior chamber fluid and purulent material confirmed O. anthropi infection. The use of antimicrobial treatment specifically targeting O. anthropi was found to be effective in treating the infection. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory reactions following corneal transplantation should be should be monitored for the presence of other infections. Genetic testing has significant implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Ochrobactrum Anthropi; an Unusual Cause of Bacteremia and Pneumonia: A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature.

Background: Ochrobactrum anthropi spp. is a non-enteric, aerobic gram-negative bacillus that has been reported to cause sepsis and occasionally bacteremia in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. This bacterium is capable of surviving in various habitats, but due to its affinity for aqueous environments, O. anthropi is hypothesized to have an affinity for indwelling plastic devices and other foreign bodies.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 66 y/o male with a history of polysubstance abuse disorder admitted for toxic metabolic encephalopathy and found to have bronchopneumonia and bacteremia secondary to O. anthropi infection resulting in sepsis and cardiopulmonary arrest.

Discussion: Ochrobactrum spp. is an unusual pathogen of low virulence and has been noted to cause bacteremia and occasionally sepsis in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Isolation of this pathogen in the appropriate setting should be considered a true pathogen and treated as such to avoid sequela of this infection.

Conclusion: This case report and literature review suggest that Ochrobactrum anthropi appears more frequently as a pathogen in nosocomial infections than suggested in the literature.

Tunnelled hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection with Ochrobactrum anthropi: a report of the first two cases from Bulgaria and a brief overview.

The use of central venous catheters for hemodialysis continues to grow worldwide, despite the efforts of many specialists. Patients with end-stage renal disease have impaired immunity, which is why infections are the most common complication seen in them. It worsens their quality of life and is a major cause of high morbidity and mortality, especially in hemodialysis patients.We report two cases of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients caused by Ochrobactrum anthropi, which are the first reported cases in Bulgaria and present a brief literature review of the known facts.

Ochrobactrum anthropi Keratitis in a Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis Recipient.

PURPOSE: To report a case of Ochrobactrum anthropi keratitis in an eye with a Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis. METHODS: This is a case report and review of the literature. RESULTS: A 78-year-old man with a history of implantation of a Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis in the left eye presented for a routine follow-up with no acute complaints. In the left eye, visual acuity was 20/60 and slit-lamp examination revealed a 1.5-mm inferotemporal corneal infiltrate adjacent to the optic stem. Corneal cultures grew abundant O. anthropi. After 7 weeks of topical antimicrobial therapy and placement of a temporary tarsorrhaphy, the keratitis resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Ochrobactrum anthropi is an organism associated with indwelling medical devices and can be pathogenic in eyes with implanted keratoprostheses.

Identificación de Brucella melitensis como Ochrobactrum anthropi mediante MALDI-TOF MS / Identification of Brucella melitensis as Ochrobactrum anthropi by MALDI-TOF MS

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Isolation and characterization of a chlorate-reducing bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi XM-1.

A Gram-negative chlorate-reducing bacterial strain XM-1 was isolated. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the isolate as Ochrobactrum anthropi XM-1, which was the first strain of genus Ochrobactrum reported having the ability to reduce chlorate. The optimum growth temperature and pH for strain XM-1 to reduce chlorate was found to be 30 °C and 5.0-7.5, respectively, under anaerobic condition. Strain XM-1 could tolerate high chlorate concentration (200 mM), and utilize a variety of carbohydrates (glucose, L-arabinose, D-fructose, sucrose), glycerin and sodium citrate as electron donors. In addition, oxygen and nitrate could be used as electron acceptors, but perchlorate could not be reduced. Enzyme activities related to chlorate reducing were characterized in cell extracts. Activities of chlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase could be detected in XM-1 cells grown under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, implying the two enzymes were constitutively expressed. This work suggests a high potential of applying Ochrobactrum anthropi XM-1 for remediation of chlorate contamination.

Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections: A Root Cause Analysis in a Series of Simultaneous Ochrobactrum anthropi Infections.

OBJECTIVE: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial mostly due to cutaneous microorganisms migration through the catheter insertion site and catheter tip colonization. Ochrobactrum anthropi is a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Brucellaceae and related infections are especially observed in immunocompromised patients. METHODS: Therefore, O. anthropi infection prevention and surveillance are relevant issues for healthcare system and risk management, in order to improve healthcare quality and patient safety. Four cases of anthropi-related CRBSIs occurring in immunodepressed patients under chemotherapy treatment are reported and the possible prevention and surveillance strategies are analyzed. RESULTS: In the reported cases, all infections occurred almost simultaneously in the Oncology Unit, leading to hypothesize an identical infection source. Subsequently, a clinical audit was performed in order to investigate infection origin and implement prevention and control strategies. Clinical audit allowed to identify the hand hygiene defects as the primary source of the infections, responsible for catheter flushing solution contamination. CONCLUSION: The aim of this study is to reveal how through correct root cause analysis and clinical audit, several measures could be undertaken in order to promote the prevention of the CRBSIs risk.

Antibiotic susceptibility and production of endotoxin by Ochrobactrum anthropi isolated from environment and from patients with cystic fibrosis.

The aim of this work was to compare production of endotoxin and to determine susceptibility to antibiotics in two groups of specimens-wild-type strains Ochrobactrum anthropi isolated from the environment and the strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. The determination of the endotoxin produced by the test strains was carried on by using a limulus amebocyte lysate test (LAL test). Determination of ATB sensitivity was accomplished by means of a broth dilution method in a microtiter plate (MIC). No significant difference was found between the group of ochrobacters isolated from the environment and the group of ochrobacters isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Antibiotic sensitivity testing has indicated that the resistance to tigecycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin was slightly higher in strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in comparison with strains isolated from the environment. In general, most of the test strains were sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested. Significant resistance has been demonstrated for cefotaxime. Resistance was also found for gentamicin in strains number 4 and 7. The MIC was equal to the breakpoint for this antibiotic (8000 mg/L).

Presencia de Ochrobactrum anthropi en muestras de semen / Presence of Ochrobactrum Anthropi in Semen Samples

Introducción: El semen es una mezcla compleja de fluidos y células que posee las condiciones adecuadas para albergar microorganismos, especialmente bacterias. Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de bacterias en el semen de individuos normozoospérmicos asintomáticos para infecciones urogenitales. Métodos: Se realizó una secuenciación estándar posterior a la amplificación por PCR con el uso de los cebadores universales 27F y 1492R para identificación de bacterias, en 10 muestras de semen de voluntarios normozoospérmicos asintomáticos para infecciones urogenitales. Resultados: Se identificó a Ochrobactrum anthropi en 8 de las 10 muestras seminales evaluadas y a Haemophilus paraurethrae o Escherichia coli en los dos restantes. O. anthropi es una bacteria comensal, ampliamente distribuida en la naturaleza, especialmente en las fuentes de agua que, a pesar de su baja virulencia, ocasionalmente causa infecciones en individuos inmunocomprometidos. Conclusión: La alta frecuencia de O. anthropi en las muestras de semen de individuos normozoospérmicos asintomáticos para infecciones urogenitales puede asociarse a procesos de contaminación durante la recolección de la muestra, debido a la amplia distribución de esta bacteria, especialmente en las fuentes de agua(AU)

Introduction: Semen is a complex combination of fluids and cells that can harbor microorganisms, especially bacteria. Objective: To assess the presence of bacteria in semen samples from asymptomatic normozoospermic individuals, for urogenital infections. Methods: Standard sequencing after PCR amplification was performed with the use of the universal primers 27F and 1492R for bacterial identification, in 10 semen samples of asymptomatic normozoospermic volunteers for urogenital infections. Results: Thisidentified Ochrobactrum anthropi in 8 out of 10 samples assessed. In the remaining two samples, we identified Haemophilus paraurethrae and Escherichia coli. O. anthropi is a commensal bacterium, widely spread in nature, especially in water sources that, despite its low virulence, occasionally cause infections in immune compromised individuals. Conclusion: The high frequency of O. anthropi in semen samples from asymptomatic normozoospermic individuals, for urogenital infections can be associated with contamination during the collection of the sample, due to the wide distribution of this bacterium, especially in water sources(AU)

Clinical characteristics of patients with Ochrobactrum anthropi bloodstream infection in a Chinese tertiary-care hospital: A 7-year study.

BACKGROUND: Ochrobactrum anthropi has become an emerging pathogen for bloodstream infection (BSI). METHODS: From January 1st 2010 to June 30th 2017, inpatients with one or more blood cultures positive for O. anthropi isolates at Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing, China, were enrolled in this study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected by reviewing electronic records. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients with O. anthropi BSI were identified, of which 10 patients survived. There were 6 males and 5 females, whose age ranged from 2 to 83 years. 7 infections were hospital-acquired. In 8 cases O. anthropi was the only pathogen. The most common symptoms of O. anthropi BSI were fever (100%) and disorders of consciousness (45.5%). All patients had undergone indwelling catheter placement. O. anthropi isolates in this study were most susceptible to levofloxacin (100%), ciprofloxacin (85.7%), imipenem (85.7%) and cotrimoxazole (85.7%), while they were widely resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS: O. anthropi BSI usually happens in patients with indwelling catheters, and often begins with no distinctive symptom or laboratory finding. O. anthropi seldom form polymicrobial BSIs. Quinolones and carbapenems are optimal antibiotics for O. anthropi BSI. Catheter removal is essential when O. anthropi BSI happens recurrently.

Ochrobactrum anthropi-Caused Osteomyelitis in the Foot Mimicking a Bone Tumor: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Osteomyelitis due to Ochrobactrum anthropi, a new genus Ochrobacterum widely distributed in the environment and occasionally associated with human infection, has been described in only a few case reports. We present a report of an unusual case of osteomyelitis caused by O. anthropi that was identified 9 years after a nail puncture to the lateral cuneiform bone. The patient was an 18-year-old male with a painful foot lesion that had originally been misdiagnosed as an osteolytic tumor. He underwent surgery and 2 firm pieces of rubber measuring 7 and 10 mm were removed from the lower portion of the lateral cuneiform bone, which appeared to be affected by an infection. After surgical debridement, O. anthropi was isolated from the bone cultures. The patient was successfully treated with a 6-week course of oral ciprofloxacin and clindamycin. At 1 year after the corrected diagnosis and appropriate treatment, he was symptom free and had resumed regular activities and an athletic lifestyle.

¿Nuevo microorganismo en la bacteriemia asociada a catéter? / New microorganism in catheter-related bacteremia?

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A case of Ochrobactrum anthropi-induced septic shock and infective endocarditis.

Ochrobactrum anthropi is a gram-negative rod of low virulence. Infections due to this organism are uncommon; however in immunocompromised hosts it can cause severe infections. Among the many infections it can cause, infective endocarditis is very rare. Even rarer is infective endocarditis of the native valves, as Ochrobactrum antropi affects damaged or prosthetic valves almost exclusively. This case describes native valve endocarditis due to Ochrobactrum anthropi. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2016-07.asp, free with no login].

Catheter-associated bacteremia caused by Ochrobactrum anthropi in a patient on parenteral nutrition

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Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia in a preterm infant with cystic fibrosis.

Ochrobactrum anthropi infection in newborn patients is rare, and the treatment is challenging because of its widespread and unpredictable resistance to antimicrobial agents and discrepancies between in vitro susceptibility and in vivo efficacy. We report the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia in a preterm patient.

Colonization by endophytic Ochrobactrum anthropi†Mn1 promotes growth of Jerusalem artichoke.

The Ochrobactrum anthropi Mn1 strain, taxonomically identified using 16S ribosomal DNA sequence, was isolated from roots of Jerusalem artichoke. Its endophytic colonization was investigated microscopically using green fluorescent protein introduced by vector pHC60. The strain entered Jerusalem artichoke tissues through the root, and was localized in the roots and stems. The plant growth-promoting (PGP) effects of O. anthropi Mn1 were assessed in greenhouse as well as field trials with different nitrogen supplies. Only under moderate to ample nitrogen supply, could O. anthropi Mn1 promoted growth of host plant. The PGP effects of the strain were symbiotic nitrogen fixation, root morphological optimization and enhanced nutrient uptake. We hypothesize that the symbiotic interspecies interaction might be quorum sensing related.

Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia in a preterm infant with cystic fibrosis

Ochrobactrum anthropi infection in newborn patients is rare, and the treatment is challenging because of its widespread and unpredictable resistance to antimicrobial agents and discrepancies between in vitro susceptibility and in vivo efficacy. We report the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia in a preterm patient.