Historia de las prótesis oculares / History of ocular prostheses

No disponible

Historia breve de la cirugía de la cavidad anoftálmica y los implantes orbitarios / A brief history of the anophthalmic socket surgical technique and orbital implants

No disponible

[Historical aspects of eye prosthetics].

The article is devoted to the problems of eye prosthetics that develops since ancient times till today. Indications for eye prosthesis and its role in rehabilitation of anophthalmic patients are determined. The process of glass prostheses production is described in details, technology is discussed and illustrated. This article is of great interest for opthalmologists and prosthetic technicians as it is proved that glass prostheses are more physiologic and have a number of advantages compared to plasticones.

A Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age!) Spanish artificial eye: please realize this technology is circa 7000-years-old!

In 2008, the author presented a paper at the Cogan Society which addressed an amazing ancient artificial eye recently found in Iran. That artificial eye is about 5000-years-old. A kind reader of some of JME's writings [who lives in Spain] noted this report, and called his attention to yet another artificial eye of a similar sort, but it was 2000 years older! It is dated ca. 7000 years BP [before the present] during the Mesolithic Time Period, i.e., the Middle Stone Age(!), and was unearthed in modern Spain. This artificial eye was found in situ in the right orbit of the scull of a man who died at 40-45 years of age. The man was tall, and was apparently relatively well-to-do (JME assumes this is based upon items found in the grave). The artificial eye was made of ocher (or ochre). In the artificial eye, an incised cornea (and possibly a pupil) can be identified. This prosthesis may have been inserted backwards into the orbit at the time of burial. This artificial eye was much more primitive in both shape and design than the later one discovered at "The Bumt City" in Eastern Iran. The man's body (containing the artificial eye) was found at an archaeological site in Spain called Cingle del Mas Nou i Cava Fosca, Ares del Maestro, Castellón Province. This particular body was exhumed at Cingle del Mas Nou by Profa. Dr. Carme Olària Puyoles and her team.

A historical review of artificial cornea research in Japan.

Little is known or understood about the history of artificial cornea (keratoprosthesis) in Japan, mainly because of the unavailability and linguistic inaccessibility of the relevant publications. Rather strangely also, the Japanese scholars themselves have manifested only slight interest in reviewing the topic, even in their own language. As a result, the research on artificial cornea in Japan showed in fact the same pattern of historical development as that seen in the Western world. After audacious beginnings in the 19th century, an interlude of about half a century followed, when the interest of ophthalmologists was deflected to penetrating keratoplasty as a means to fight corneal blindness. The introduction in medical use of man-made polymeric materials in the 1950s triggered a revival of research on artificial cornea in Japan, and the next two decades were rich in ideas, achievements, and a plethora of reports, all published in Japanese. In the 1980s, the developmental work on keratoprosthesis became incorporated into the field of biomaterials, and the creation of materials able to mimic the corneal tissue was established as a leading concept, resulting in original designs with some sophistication. At the same time. the English language started to be used extensively for dissemination of results. These trends have continued to date. Based on rigorous documentation, we traced the history of research on artificial cornea in Japan from its origin to our time.

[Basic trends in the organization of ocular prosthetics service]. / Osnovnye napravleniia organizatsii sluzhby glaznogo protezirovaniia.

The key issues related with rendering the ocular prosthetic aid to patients with anophthalmos and with cosmetically inferior, i.e. a smaller-size, blind eye, are in the focus of attention. Around 320,000 persons need ocular prostheses in the territory of the Russian Federation, hence adequate prosthetic measures are taken to cope with the cosmetic, medical and social rehabilitation of patients. The ocular prosthetics service deals with issues related with prostheses manufacturing technologies as well as with other therapeutic and surgical aspects which call for working out a unified policy with its subsequent commissioning into the practice of ophthalmologic institutions.

[Department of Traumatology, Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery and Ocular prosthetics, Gel'mgol'ts Moscow Institute of Ocular Diseases: four recent decades]. / Otdel travmatologii, rekostruktivnoi, plasticheskoi khirurgii i glaznogo protezirovaniia Moskovskogo NII glaznykh boleznei im. Gel'mgol'tsa - poslednie 40 let.

Main trends in research and practical activities of the department are reviewed: treatment of injuries, removal of foreign bodies, introduction of new microsurgical technologies and equipment, development of reconstructive laser operations, development of concept of pathogenesis of burn disease, and ophthalmoplasty.

The origins of the artificial cornea: Pellier de Quengsy and his contribution to the modern concept of keratoprosthesis.

There has been little recognition of the French ophthalmologist Guillaume Pellier de Quengsy and his contribution to the problem of artificial cornea (keratoprosthesis). This fact that he was the first to propose such a device was seldom acknowledged, and usually as a secondary reference. Based on the examination of original texts (1789), this study demonstrates that Pellier not only proposed an essentially correct keratoprosthesis, but also suggested a porous prosthetic skirt, a revolutionary concept which is currently fundamental to artificial cornea research.

Light and sight since antiquity.

Light and sight were not distinguished from one another until the dioptrics and the anatomy of the eye had been adequately described in the seventeenth century. A survey of early theories of light is presented, together with descriptions of developing knowledge of ocular anatomy. Once the analogy between the eye and a camera had been made, the problem of accommodation was exposed, and corrections for errors of refraction could be given theoretical support. Theories of accommodation in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are briefly reviewed, as is the early history of eye glasses.