Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite ('parrot mouth') in 73 foals (1999-2013).

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There are limited reports on the efficacy of functional orthodontic correction of overjet or overbite in foals. OBJECTIVES: To report the outcome of using orthodontic tension bands in combination with an inclined plane biteplate in the treatment of overjet, with or without concurrent overbite, rates of correction of these 2 malocclusions and associated complications. And to examine factors associated with outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Clinical records for 73 foals treated at a single clinic, by the same surgeon were analysed. Overall change and rates of change in overjet and overbite were calculated. Associations between potential explanatory variables including age, severity of initial malocclusion and surgeon experience were examined using linear regression. RESULTS: Records for 73 foals (43 colts, 30 fillies) were evaluated. The median number of implant placements per animal was 2 (range 1-4). Of 61 cases with complete records, reduction in overjet and overbite dimensions were achieved in 95% and 90% of foals, respectively, with mean reductions in malocclusions of 9.9 and 8.4 mm, respectively. Complete reduction in overjet was achieved in 25% (15/61) and reduction of malocclusion dimensions to ≤5 mm (i.e. functionally corrected) was achieved in 51% (31/61). Increasing animal age was significantly associated with decreased total reduction in overjet and decreased rate of reduction in overbite. Increased original severity of overbite was significantly associated with increased rate of its correction. Short-term complications included intraoperative haemorrhage, transient facial nerve neuropraxia and irritation of the mare's udder by the brace. Longer-term complications included cheek teeth diastema formation and incisor discoloration and maleruption. CONCLUSIONS: Using this technique, correction or improvement of these malocclusions is rapid, with minimal complications. Often more than one implant is required. Animal age at the start of treatment is associated with rate and amount of correction achievable, so initiating treatment at an early age is recommended.

Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth.

Mesioverted maxillary canine teeth in combination with linguoverted mandibular canine teeth are a common ramification of persistent deciduous maxillary and mandibular canine teeth. Without the physical presence of the mandibular canine teeth, the maxillary third incisor and canine teeth diastemata are frequently narrowed. The creation of normal occlusion requires treatment of all 4 canine teeth; the mandibular canine teeth must be tipped labially and the maxillary canine teeth must be tipped and/or partially translated distally. This case report discusses the novel integration of 2 well-described orthodontic techniques to simultaneously treat both mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth, achieving a comfortable, functional occlusion.

Occlusion and malocclusion in the cat: what's normal, what's not and when's the best time to intervene?

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Malocclusion affecting cats, and treatment thereof, has not been widely described in the veterinary literature, yet is a condition seen in a growing number of breeds, often causing pain and discomfort to the patient. Recognising the problem, and certainly whether it is a hereditary problem (eg, a skeletal malocclusion), is important for the longer term health of pedigree breeds. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: If there is a malocclusion, the mouth may be painful and a thorough occlusal assessment of the conscious patient may be difficult. Occlusal assessment should always be accompanied by a thorough oral examination and, where necessary, further investigation under general anaesthesia, including dental radiography. Recognising what is normal, and what is not, can be challenging; so, too, can be determining the correct time to intervene. AUDIENCE: This article is intended to help fill the gap in dental education regarding the range of developmental and acquired malocclusions seen in cats. Treatment options are also briefly reviewed. EVIDENCE BASE: The guidance contained in this article is based on a combination of the published literature, the author's personal experience and that of colleagues.

Rapid prototyping and inclined plane technique in the treatment of maxillofacial malformations in a fox.

An approximately 9-month-old fox (Pseudalopex vetulus) was presented with malocclusion and deviation of the lower jaw to the right side. Orthodontic treatment was performed using the inclined plane technique. Virtual 3D models and prototypes of the head were based on computed tomography (CT) image data to assist in diagnosis and treatment.

A retrospective evaluation of 204 diagonal incisor malocclusion corrections in the horse.

The goal of this retrospective study was to record the direction of the diagonal incisor malocclusion (DIM) and excursion to molar contact (EMC) distances both before and after corrective procedures to determine if any general trends were apparent which may aid in predicting the outcome of DIM corrections. Pre-correction and post-correction data were compared to confirm a benefit to the patient from the corrective procedure. The results of this preliminary study reveal a few general trends to serve as basic guidelines for the practitioner Lateral EMC distances to the left and right in cases of DIM are commonly asymmetric. When prudently performed, corrective measures usually result in increased symmetry of EMCs. In cases of DIM, the side with the shorter EMC is more likely to remain the same rather than change after DIM correction. Decreases of EMC in one or both directions are much more common than increases in EMC after correction. In 100-300 quadrant DIMs, the EMC to the right will most likely decrease and in 200-400 quadrant DIMs, the EMC to the left will most likely decrease. Despite these helpful findings, the data obtained from this study strongly suggest the existence of multiple etiologies and progressive compensatory mechanisms complicating precise prediction of correction outcome.

Orthodontic correction of a base narrow mandibular canine tooth in a cat.

A 6-month-old cat was diagnosed with a lingually displaced mandibular canine tooth causing palatal trauma. This case report describes the correction and outcome for orthodontic movement of the left mandibular canine tooth.

Acrylic bite plane for treatment of malocclusion in a young horse.

A 5-month-old quarter horse filly was presented for evaluation of a congenital overbite. The horse was diagnosed with a class 2 malocclusion. A non-removable, acrylic bite plane was constructed to provide a surface for the occlusal forces to be directed in a manner maintaining the normal anatomic position of the premaxilla. The preservation of normal anatomic relationships provided free range of motion of the mandible and maximized its growth potential, limiting the malocclusion. Although normal occlusion was not attained, partial incisor occlusion was present 20-months following initial treatment. Regular occlusal equilibration is mandatory to optimize occlusion and minimize future complications associated with malocclusion.

[Orthodontic correction of a complex malocclusion of the canine teeth of dento-alveolar and skeletal origin using a model cast device in the upper jaw of the dog]. / Orthodontische Korrektur einer komplexen, dentoalveolär und skelettal bedingten Canini-Malokklusion mittels einer Modellguss-Apparatur im Oberkiefer beim Hund.

Malocclusion of the canines, which in dogs is frequent and often has a congenital pattern, remains a challenge to treat. Steeply positioned lower jaw canines are corrected by means of a specifically designed orthodontic intervention. The case at hand was characterized by a combination of a slight skeletal distal bite and compensatory distal tilt of the entire premaxilla (retrusion, caudal tilt) with a mesial tilt of the canines in the upper jaw (rostral and anterior tilt). An individual solution was found which resulted in a functional adjustment of both upper and lower jaws. A model cast device which included both appropriately tilted areas and screws to ensure distal adjustment solved the problem.

Induçäo experimental de ossificaçäo com enxerto de hidroxiapatita osso, liofilizado e autógeno / Experimental study of osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction using hydroxyapatite grafts, decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft and with autogenous bone

Foi realizado estudo experimental em três cäes adultos, para verificar a osteogênese, osteoinduçäo e osteoconduçäo, com a utilizaçäo de enxertos intra e extr-orais com hidroxiapatita, osso liofilizado-desmineralizado e osso autógeno. Os campos intra e extra-orais foram avaliados histologicamente, sendo os últimos monitorados trinta dias e 12 meses após a colocaçäo dos enxertos. Os campos intra-orais foram submetidos à movimentaçäo dentária com força ortodôntica, um ano após a colocaçäo dos enxertos, por um período de 4 meses. Além dos exames histológicos, os eenxertos intra-orais foram avaliados através de radiografias periapicais seriadas. Comparando os materiais utilizados nesse estudo, o que mostrou formaçäo óssea mais rápida e completa foi o autógeno, seguido pelo liofilizado-desmineralizado e por último a hidroxiapatita. A formaçäo óssea com todos os materiais foi mais completa nos campos extra-orais do que nos intra-orais, demonstrando a importância do leito cirúrgico nos procedimentos de enxertos. A movimentaçäo dentária decorrente de força ortodôntica foi possível, porém, nos campos com hidroxiapatita, houve maior incidência de absorçäo radicular, devido a persistência dos resíduos da mesma nos campos intra-orais

A removable orthodontic device for the treatment of lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth in young dogs.

The malocclusion of lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth is a common orthodontic problem in the domestic dog. Several treatment methods have been described, and their advantages and disadvantages have been extensively reviewed. This article describes a functional technique used in 38 dogs of different breeds for correction of the malocclusion. The technique consists of stimulating the dog to play with specific toys. It is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive technique that has a success rate comparable to conventional orthodontic techniques for treatment of this common malocclusion.

Dental corrective procedures.

This article explains what is needed for successful extraction of diseased cheek teeth and how to realign the occlusal surface. Incisor teeth procedures and correcting abnormalities of cheek tooth crown wear are also discussed along with wolf and floating teeth.

Orthodontic correction of lingually displaced canine teeth in a young dog using light-cured acrylic resin.

Lingually displaced canine teeth is a common malocclusion condition in dogs, the treatment of which has been described. Several of the previously reported treatment regimens involve the use of potentially harmful (toxic and/or dangerously exothermic) substances (methylmethacrylate) or require separate anesthetic episodes to make impressions and place the appliance. In this case, a dog was treated with directly placed appliances made of non-heat generating light-cured resin. Treatment required only one anesthetic episode to place the appliances and one more to remove them.

[Therapy of narrow canine teeth using a methacrylate orthodontic splint]. / Therapie von Zahnfehlstellungen des Hundes mittels aus Methacrylat hergestellter Aufbissschienen.

32 cases of narrow canine teeth were treated with an orthodontic splint similar to the Becker-splint (1965). The splints are either fixed only to one or two teeth using adhesive bone of to both canine teeth and incisors. They can be made simply within short time and may treat different orthodontic problems.

Effects of surgical orthodontic treatment for malalignment due to the prolonged retention of deciduous canines in young dogs.

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of surgical orthodontic treatment for malalignment caused by the prolonged retention of deciduous canines in young dogs. Fifty-five dogs with malocclusion or pre-malocclusion were divided into two groups. Group 1 received surgical orthodontic treatment (32 dogs) using modification of Ross and Yamane's method of treating for malalignment due to prolonged retention of deciduous canine teeth; Group 2 received no treatment (23 dogs). Occurrence of malocclusion 1-3 weeks after treatment of the group receiving surgery was only 3.8%. However, malocclusion was seen in 73.4% of the non-treatment group approximately 2 years after the first examination. Surgical orthodontic treatment was very useful in treating malalignment due to prolonged retention of deciduous canines in young dogs.

Feline malocclusion.

Modern feline malocclusion is the result of altered dento-facial proportions from the normal occlusion. The development of the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic head types has resulted in displaced dentition with accompanying soft-tissue trauma.

Lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth: orthodontic treatment alternatives in the dog.

Lingual displacements of mandibular canine teeth often occur following retention of deciduous canine teeth. This condition often results in trauma of occlusion to the lingual aspect of the maxillary canine tooth and the further development of a periodontal pocket or an oronasal fistula. This condition can be corrected using orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and illustrate the various alternatives available for correction of this common malocclusion in dogs.