Osteonecrosis maxilar asociada a bifosfonatos: enigma contemporáneo / Biphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: nowadays enigma

Los bifosfonatos fueron sintetizados en el siglo XIX por químicos alemanes que buscaban prevenir el depósito industrial de carbonato de calcio en sus chimeneas. Más tarde se observó la gran afinidad de la droga con el tejido óseo y que además inhibía la conversión de fosfato de calcio amorfo a hidroxiapatita (HA), lo cual reducía la velocidad de disolución de los cristales óseos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura referida a osteonecrosis maxilar asociada a bifosfonatos utilizando las palabras clave. La búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed y LILACS incluyó las publicaciones de los años 2006-2011. Estos compuestos sintéticos son utilizados hace más de tres décadas para el tratamiento de desórdenes esqueletales: osteoporosis, enfermedad de Paget, hipercalcemia asociada a mieloma múltiple y metástasis óseas propias de cáncer de próstata y mama, osteogénesis imperfecta y displasia fibrosa. Recientemente se han descrito algunos casos de osteonecrosis maxilar a causa de tratamiento crónico con bifosfonatos a altas dosis en la prescripción de dichas drogas utilizadas como terapéutica oncológica.

Osteonecrosis maxilar asociada a bifosfonatos: enigma contemporáneo / Biphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: nowadays enigma

Los bifosfonatos fueron sintetizados en el siglo XIX por químicos alemanes que buscaban prevenir el depósito industrial de carbonato de calcio en sus chimeneas. Más tarde se observó la gran afinidad de la droga con el tejido óseo y que además inhibía la conversión de fosfato de calcio amorfo a hidroxiapatita (HA), lo cual reducía la velocidad de disolución de los cristales óseos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura referida a osteonecrosis maxilar asociada a bifosfonatos utilizando las palabras clave. La búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed y LILACS incluyó las publicaciones de los años 2006-2011. Estos compuestos sintéticos son utilizados hace más de tres décadas para el tratamiento de desórdenes esqueletales: osteoporosis, enfermedad de Paget, hipercalcemia asociada a mieloma múltiple y metástasis óseas propias de cáncer de próstata y mama, osteogénesis imperfecta y displasia fibrosa. Recientemente se han descrito algunos casos de osteonecrosis maxilar a causa de tratamiento crónico con bifosfonatos a altas dosis en la prescripción de dichas drogas utilizadas como terapéutica oncológica.(AU)

Osteonecrosis of the jaws by intravenous bisphosphonates and osteoradionecrosis: a comparative study.

AIMS: We analyze the possible clinical differences between bone jaw exposed areas in ONJ (osteonecrosis of the jaws) and ORN (osteoradionecrosis). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Group 1 was composed with 53 ONJ cases and group 2 with 20 ORN cases. In both groups we analyzed, the major size of the exposed bone areas, the number of exposed areas, the location on the jaws and the presence of others associated and severe complications, such as skin fistulas and jaw fractures. We also investigated the possible local aetiology or trigger factor of the lesions. RESULTS: The major size of the bone exposed areas was 2.29+/-2.02(mean +/- std.dev) in group 1 and 2.7+/-2.9 (mean +/- std.dev) in group 2 (p>0.05). The number of exposed areas was 1.8+/-1.34 (mean +/- std.dev) in group 1 and 1.2+/-0.55 (mean +/- std.dev) in group 2 (p>0.05). There were more fractures in the second group (20%) (p<0.05), and skin fistulas (35%) (p<0.05). We found more patients in group 1 in which the dental extraction was the local aetiology of the bone necrosis (35 cases, 66.03%), while in group 2 there were 8 (40%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study with ONJ there were not differences in the major size of the bone exposed areas, but there were more lesions per patient than in group with ORN. The severity of the complications, such as jaw fractures and skin fistulas were higher in ORN, and in this group it was more frequent the spontaneous lesions than in the ONJ where it is more frequent following dental extractions.

Osteonecrosis of the jaws by intravenous bisphosphonates andosteoradionecrosis: A comparative study

Aims: We analyze the possible clinical differences between bone jaw exposed areas in ONJ (osteonecrosis of thejaws) and ORN (osteoradionecrosis).Patients and method: Group 1 was composed with 53 ONJ cases and group 2 with 20 ORN cases. In both groupswe analyzed, the major size of the exposed bone areas, the number of exposed areas, the location on the jaws andthe presence of others associated and severe complications, such as skin fistulas and jaw fractures. We also investigatedthe possible local aetiology or trigger factor of the lesions.Results: The major size of the bone exposed areas was 2.29±2.02(mean ± std.dev) in group 1 and 2.7±2.9 (mean ±std.dev) in group 2 (p>0.05). The number of exposed areas was 1.8±1.34 (mean ± std.dev) in group 1 and 1.2±0.55(mean ± std.dev) in group 2 (p>0.05). There were more fractures in the second group (20%) (p<0.05), and skinfistulas (35%) (p<0.05). We found more patients in group 1 in which the dental extraction was the local aetiologyof the bone necrosis (35 cases, 66.03%), while in group 2 there were 8 (40%) (p<0.05).Conclusions: In our study with ONJ there were not differences in the major size of the bone exposed areas, butthere were more lesions per patient than in group with ORN. The severity of the complications, such as jaw fracturesand skin fistulas were higher in ORN, and in this group it was more frequent the spontaneous lesions than inthe ONJ where it is more frequent following dental extractions (AU)

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Effect of long-term oral bisphosphonates on implant wound healing: literature review and a case report.

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates suppress osteoclast activity, and their intravenous use has been reported in hundreds of cases to be associated with osteonecrosis in the jaw. Little is known of the risks associated with long-term use of oral bisphosphonates despite their use for >10 years by an oral mode of delivery for the treatment of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and Paget's disease of bone. The purpose of this report is to review the literature associated with bisphosphonate use that could impact bone healing and to report a case of bone necrosis in a patient on long-term oral bisphosphonates. METHODS: A Medline search was carried out to find relevant articles from both medical and dental literature between 1960 and 2006. A patient, who had been taking an oral bisphosphonate for >10 years, developed unexplained clinical signs of bone necrosis after routine dental implant placement. This case was followed, documented, and the treatment of the osteonecrosis described. RESULTS: A summary of how bisphosphonates may play a role in wound healing is presented. The compromised healing noted in a patient, who was under long-term oral bisphosphonate use, was successfully treated with systemic antibiotics, local microbial mouthrinse, and aggressive defect management (detoxification and mixture of bone graft and tetracycline). CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that patients under long-term oral bisphosphonate use should be treated with caution. Well-controlled, prospective clinical trials on the effect of oral bisphosphonates on bone are warranted to determine which patients may be at risk for such complications.