Endoscopic Endocautery Polypectomy for the Treatment of Duodenal and Gastric Polyps in a Cat.

Endoscopic polypectomy is commonly performed in human medicine, with large-scale studies reported. However, few reports have described its use in veterinary medicine and, specifically, the procedure in the case of duodenal polyps in cats has not been reported. A 7 kg 14-year-old cat presented with recurrent vomiting for several months. Gastroduodenoscopy revealed a pedunculated polyp at the pyloric antrum and another in the duodenum, with its head protruding into the pylorus. Endoscopic polypectomy was performed using an electrosurgical snare with no recurrence of clinical signs after six months. Duodenal polypectomy in cats may be difficult because of space limitation but it can be safe, minimally invasive, and successful, thus avoiding more invasive surgical techniques. Endoscopic polypectomy may be a viable alternative to surgery in cats with gastric and duodenal polyps.

Ultrasonographic and clinicopathological features of pyloroduodenal adenomatous polyps in cats.

Objectives The aim of the study was to report the ultrasonographic and clinicopathological findings in cats with confirmed pyloroduodenal adenomatous polyps. Methods Clinicopathological data, ultrasonographic and histopathological findings were collected retrospectively from medical records. Results Pyloroduodenal polyps appeared as small moderately echogenic and homogeneous nodules filling most of the proximal duodenal or pyloroduodenal lumen. The most common presenting signs in this study included acute vomiting and anorexia in 4/6 cats and lethargy in 3/6 cats. Two cats presented with severe anemia, suggestive of active bleeding. One cat presented with increased bilirubin without anemia, suggestive of impaired bile flow. Five cats survived surgical removal of the polyp and were free of clinical signs 817 days after the procedure. Conclusions and relevance Pyloroduodenal polyps have subtle ultrasonographic changes that can easily be mistaken for ingesta. They are characterized by a discrete small (up to 1.5 cm in diameter) homogeneous echogenic nodule filling the pyloroduodenal lumen. Pyloroduodenal polyps are benign lesions but can cause severe clinical signs including gastrointestinal bleeding or biliary obstruction. The prognosis is excellent with surgical removal.

Polypoid adenomas secondary to inflammatory colorectal polyps in 2 miniature dachshunds.

Two miniature dachshunds, a 7-year-old neutered male and an 8-year-old male, presented with chronic hematochezia and tenesmus. A solitary pedunculated or multiple diffuse colorectal polyps were identified by colonoscopy and resected by polypectomy. Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) were diagnosed according to histopathological findings. Both cases were treated with immunosuppressive therapy, and the clinical signs were resolved, although the colorectal polyps remained to some extent. Several months after the initial diagnosis, both cases presented with recurrence of hematochezia and enlargement of the polyps. A second colonoscopic polypectomy was performed, and adenoma was diagnosed histopathologically in both cases. ICRPs are a nonneoplastic disease, but their long-term prognosis is unknown. Careful follow-up seems to be important, and repetitive biopsy is recommended when growth of polyps is identified in miniature dachshunds with ICRPs.

Adenomatous polyp with intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus (Barrett esophagus) in a dog.

Multiple endoscopic biopsy specimens of esophageal mucosa were received from a 13-year-old castrated male standard Poodle. The dog was presented for painful swallowing. Endoscopically, the distal aspect of the esophagus was inflamed with a polypoid mass that protruded into the esophageal lumen. Histologically, the stratified squamous epithelium overlying the mass and lining the adjacent esophageal mucosa was replaced by papillary projections covered by columnar epithelium with goblet cells supported by a fibrous stroma. This article reports a case of spontaneous esophageal adenomatous polyp with intestinal metaplasia (Barrett esophagus) and reviews the pathogenesis of esophageal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma.

Clinical and pathologic features of an adenomatous polyp of the colon in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

A 6-year-old castrated male domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with a 4-week history of intermittent diarrhea and straining during defecation had an intraluminal mass in the descending colon identified by abdominal ultrasound. The histopathological diagnosis of the resected mass was an adenomatous polyp of the colon. No post-operative complications were identified over a 32-month follow-up period.

Endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, and adenomyosis associated with unopposed estrogen in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the vaginal mucosa and their role in vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus. Incidentally, endometrial hyperplasia was observed in estrogen-treated monkeys at necropsy. Six adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were ovariectomized and 120 days later received two subcutaneous implants, each containing 200 mg estradiol. The animals were sacrificed 17-27 months later and the uterus examined at necropsy. All the monkeys had simple endometrial hyperplasia, some with polyps or adenomyosis, at the time of necropsy. The severity of the changes correlated with the time between implantation and necropsy. The lesions were similar to endometrial hyperplasia caused by unopposed estrogen in women, but occurred over a time period that is suitable for experimental manipulation. Rhesus monkeys could be used as a model to test the safety of various combinations of sex steroids for the prevention of postmenopausal symptoms in women.

Small intestinal adenomatous polyposis resulting in protein-losing enteropathy in a horse.

A 4-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was presented with a history of weight loss of 6 months duration, along with extensive ventral subcutaneous edema. Clinicopathologic findings included a markedly low serum total protein (2.9 g/dl) and a low packed cell volume (24%). The mucosal surface of the distal jejunum and entire ileum were carpeted with numerous polypoid, papillary, and glandular masses comprised of pseudostratified tall columnar cells and large numbers of interspersed goblet cells. Neoplastic change was diffuse throughout the mucosa of each mass, but abrupt demarcation occurred between neoplastic masses and adjacent mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining for protein of the p53 tumor suppressor gene revealed only occasional cytoplasmic reactivity within polyps and normal mucosa. Nuclear staining for papillomavirus antigens was not observed. Electron microscopic examination revealed features of well-differentiated intestinal epithelial cells, including apical tight junctions and microvilli, desmosomes, and the presence of numerous goblet cells. Microorganisms were not detected. Small intestinal polyposis should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis for protein-losing enteropathy in the horse.