Improving access to diabetes care for children: An evaluation of the changing diabetes in children project in Kenya and Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND: The changing diabetes in children (CDiC) project is a public-private partnership implemented by Novo Nordisk, to improve access to diabetes care for children with type 1 diabetes. This paper outlines the findings from an evaluation of CDiC in Bangladesh and Kenya, assessing whether CDiC has achieved its objectives in each of six core program components. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Rapid Assessment Protocol for Insulin Access (RAPIA) framework was used to analyze the path of insulin provision and the healthcare infrastructure in place for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. The RAPIA facilitates a mixed-methods approach to multiple levels of data collection and systems analysis. Information is collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, site visits, and document reviews, engaging a wide range of stakeholders (N = 127). All transcripts were analyzed thematically. RESULTS: The CDiC scheme provides a stable supply of free insulin to children in implementing facilities in Kenya and Bangladesh, and offers a comprehensive package of pediatric diabetes care. However, some elements of the CDiC program were not functioning as originally intended. Transitions away from donor funding and toward government ownership are a particular concern, as patients may incur additional treatment costs, while services offered may be reduced. Additionally, despite subsidized treatment costs, indirect costs remain a substantial barrier to care. CONCLUSION: Public-private partnerships such as the CDiC program can improve access to life-saving medicines. However, our analysis found several limitations, including concerns over the sustainability of the project in both countries. Any program reliant on external funding and delivered in a high-turnover staffing environment will be vulnerable to sustainability concerns.

TV União: grupo de pesquisadores cearenses desenvolve capacete respiratório

O Elmo, capacete respiratório desenvolvido em força-tarefa público-privada no Ceará, é pauta do União Brasil, da TV União. Reportagem: Rafael Meneses.

TV Jangadeiro: Elmo tem protótipo finalizado

O Elmo, capacete respiratório desenvolvido em força-tarefa público-privada no Ceará, é pauta do Jornal Jangadeiro, da TV Jangadeiro, do dia 07.05.2020.

TV Cidade: capacete respiratório deve auxiliar pacientes com COVID-19

O Elmo, capacete respiratório desenvolvido em força-tarefa público-privada no Ceará, é pauta do Jornal da Cidade, da TV Cidade, Record Fortaleza. Reportagem: Miguel Anderson Costa.

Minuto assembleia: Ceará finaliza protótipo de capacete de respiração assistida

Reportagem: Amanda Vieira Entrevistado: Paulo André Holanda

Ceará finaliza protótipo de capacete de respiração assistida

Idealizado a partir de força-tarefa público-privada, equipamento de baixo custo minimiza avanço de dificuldades respiratórias em pacientes de Covid-19 e reduz a necessidade de aparelhos de ventilação mecânica em 60% dos casos. O protótipo do Elmo foi desenvolvido no Instituto SENAI de Tecnologia em Eletrometalmecânica, a partir de uma ideia apresentada pelo superintendente da ESP/CE, Marcelo Alcantara. “Os princípios e requisitos terapêuticos do Elmo foram plenamente atingidos com o protótipo”, avalia Alcantara após a consolidação do modelo, que passou por ajustes simples para redução de tamanho e contenção de ruído.

Insights for the future of health system partnerships in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: Despite growing support for the private sector involvement in the provision of public health services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), a lack of clear information on the future of the provision of such services restricts the ability of managers and policy-makers to assess how feasible integration between public and private actors may be in these countries. This paper presents a systematic literature review which traces the dynamics and boundaries of public-private partnerships for the healthcare sector in LMICs. METHODS: A total of 723 articles indexed in Scopus were initially submitted to bibliometric analysis. Finally, 148 articles published in several academic journals were selected for independent full-text review by two researchers. Content analysis was made in order to minimise mistakes in interpreting the findings of studies in the sample. RESULTS: Public-private partnerships identified through the content analysis were categorised into four research areas: 1) Transfer of resources; 2) Co-production of health goods and services; 3) Governance networks; 4) Criteria for successful partnership development. CONCLUSIONS: The four main research areas supply suggestions for a future research agenda, and managerial and policy implications for partnerships in LMICs.

"Get us partnerships!" - a qualitative study of Angolan and Mozambican health academics' experiences with North/South partnerships.

BACKGROUND: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17 focuses on North/South partnerships for sustainable development. Literature on research partnerships and capacity -building often neglects how these processes are carried out in practice, their social impacts and participants' subjective experiences. Recognizing the increasingly global dimensions of Higher Education Institutions, the University Development and Innovation - Africa project (UDI-A) was designed to train lecturers and administrative staff of Angolan and Mozambican Universities through collaborations with European institutions, aiming at strengthening African academic and social landscapes through knowledge translation and dissemination. This paper examines potential outcomes of UDI-A on participants' academic pathways, investigating the conflict between different imaginaries of capacity-building and partnerships, focusing on how Angolan and Mozambican health sciences researchers experience international collaborations. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven health academics, as well as a focus group discussion involving all participants. These were recorded, fully transcribed, anonymized and coded to identify common themes. A consent form was signed by all participants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: UDI-A was considered innovative, fostering the improvement of pedagogical skills and increasing social entrepreneurship activities. Participants arrived with a specific institutional mandate and believed that the training received should be incorporated into institutional practices to "modernize" these specific Portuguese speaking African Universities and the health sector. The institutional mechanisms put in place to attain this goal, Centres for Academic Development and Innovation ("CADIs"), were considered potential research and development hubs and drivers of academic and societal transformation. Nevertheless, participants shared a sense of asymmetry (infrastructural, financial, in terms of access to information) between them and European trainers. Although this asymmetry was the underlying basis of this capacity-building project, they argued that UDI-A did not fully acknowledge their local contexts, compromising the prospective development of partnerships in the health field. CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be devoted to understanding how participants experience capacity building processes, integrating the diversity of their aspirations and perceptions into subsequent phases of the project, requiring the development of methodological innovations to increase the impact of these programs.

Schrödinger's pipeline and the outsourcing of pharmaceutical innovation.

In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008) cheaper, softer money flooded the worldwide markets. Faced with historically low capital costs, the pharmaceutical industry chose to pay down debt through share buybacks rather than invest in research and development (R&D). Instead, the industry explored new R&D models for open innovation, such as open-sourcing, crowd-sourcing, public-private partnerships, innovation centres, Science Parks, and the wholesale outsourcing of pharmaceutical R&D. However, economic Greater Fool Theory suggests that outsourcing R&D was never likely to increase innovation. Ten years on, the period of cheaper and softer money is coming to an end. So how are things looking? And what happens next?

Incentivizing Healthy Snacks During Out-of-School Time Through Grocery Store Partnerships.

CONTEXT: Volunteer-led out-of-school-time (OST) programs, such as 4-H, scouting, and youth sports, reach a large population of children and are positioned to offer opportunities for healthy eating. However, cost is a barrier to providing healthy snacks such as fruits and vegetables (FVs) during OST. OBJECTIVE: Offering discounts through grocery store partnerships has shown promise in addressing this barrier in structured, staff-led after-school programs. We tested this model in volunteer-led OST programs and evaluated it using mixed methods. DESIGN/SETTING: The Snack It Up (SIU) intervention was designed to promote FV snacks to volunteer-led OST programs through weekly $5 grocery store discounts. Participation was limited to 1 leader per program. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-five of 36 recruited OST program leaders completed the study; 16 were enrolled in SIU and 19 in a comparison group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the following: (1) discount redemption among SIU leaders; (2) snacks served by SIU and comparison group leaders via photographs from 3 to 4 OST program sessions during SIU implementation; and (3) SIU leader perspectives using key informant interviews before and after implementation. RESULTS: SIU leaders saved an average of $48.75 on FV snacks throughout the intervention ($2.90 per week, more than one-fifth of typical self-reported spending on snacks). SIU leaders also served a greater frequency (100% of sessions vs 75%, P < .001) and variety of FVs (an average of 3.5 types per session vs 1.3, P < .001) and fewer salty/sweet snacks (0.0 vs 1.3 types per session, P < .001) than those in the comparison group and expressed positive impressions of SIU. CONCLUSIONS: Partnerships between OST programs and grocery stores are a promising avenue for promoting healthier snacks during OST.

Fifth year of a public-private partnership to improve the case detection of tuberculosis in India: A role model for future action?

BACKGROUND: There is limited access to radiology facilities in most parts of India leading to significant under diagnosis and underreporting of smear negative clinically diagnosed tuberculosis (CDTB). Public Private Partnership (PPP) has a lot to contribute towards addressing this gap through providing access to chest x-ray (CXR) in far-off locations. METHOD: Mobile vans equipped with digital CXR equipment and support staff were provided by a Corporate Hospital working closely with government, with scheduled visits to government peripheral health institutes. Patients received upfront CXR and sputum microscopy along with GeneXpert in accordance with the revised TB diagnostic algorithm prescribed by the national program, Following a successful pilot in 2014 in district Rewari, "TB free Haryana" was launched in November 2015 with a phased roll out in 16 districts by 2018. RESULTS: The pilot initiative in 2014 confirmed practical and clinical feasibility and revealed a high rate (30% of people screened) of CDTB i.e. symptomatic cases with radiologic abnormalities compatible with Pulmonary TB. In the first year (2016), 5 districts were covered and a total of 3340 CXRs were carried out. There was an increase in the case notification rates of new CDTB (smear negative) in 2016 compared to 2015 (p = 0.036); yielding an additional 180 cases and an 11.67% increase in case detection. Scale up to a total of 13 and 16 districts took place successfully in 2017 and 2018 respectively; with 6268 CXRs and 8021 CXRs done in the respective years. CONCLUSION: PPP can involve Corporate Hospitals to improve the existing diagnostic infrastructure and provides access to CXR in a not-for-profit sustainable collaboration, with scale-up to the state level; and potential to replicate this initiative in other states.

Implementation of the US Department of Health and Human Services Zika Specimen Repository and Its Effect on Zika Diagnostic Test Development, 2016.

This study describes the efforts and outcomes associated with the establishment of a clinical sample repository during the 2016 Zika virus epidemic. To overcome the challenge of limited access to clinical samples to support diagnostic test development, multiple US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) agencies formed a partnership to create the HHS Zika Specimen Repository. In 2016-2017, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collected patient specimens (4420 convalescent sera aliquots from 100 donors and 7171 plasma aliquots from 239 donors), confirmed Zika virus test results, assembled 1 panel for molecular testing (n = 25 sets) and 7 panels for serologic testing (n = 92), and distributed the panels to test developers. We manufactured 8 test panels and distributed 74 sets of panels to 32 commercial companies, public health partners, and research institutions. Manufacturers used these panels to generate data that supported 14 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emergency use authorizations and 1 FDA approval. To develop a repository that can respond immediately to future disease outbreaks, we recommend that organizations pre-position procedures, resources, and partnerships to optimize each partner's contribution.

Perceived value of partnerships between schools of pharmacy and health systems.

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to quantify opinions of statewide health systems stakeholders regarding the value of partnerships with schools of pharmacy. Being better able to meet the needs of preceptors and their employers will allow schools to increase capacity of high-quality pharmacy practice experiences. METHODS: A brief survey was developed and administered to statewide contacts from systems currently partnering with member schools of the North Carolina Experiential Education Consortium. Respondents were asked to rate, using a Likert scale, 15 incentive statements relating to potential benefits provided by schools in exchange for experiential rotations. RESULTS: Forty-one responses were received from 53 invitees (77% response rate). The two most highly-valued incentives per survey respondents were continuing education (CE) accreditation by the school (74% essential), and access to school resources (74% essential). The lowest scoring incentives included system-wide committee involvement by faculty (26% essential), co-funded faculty positions (29% essential), and resident precepting by faculty (34% essential). CONCLUSIONS: Incentive ratings differed significantly from previous reports describing value, which primarily focus on clinical interventions and cost savings provided by student pharmacists. Experiential staff at schools of pharmacy should consider a similar study to ascertain how best to meet the needs of their local partners and maximize commitments for pharmacy practice experiences.