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2.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 55(3)2019 Mar 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30934652

RESUMO

The term congenital hypopigmentary disorders refers to a wide group of heterogeneous hereditary diseases, clinically characterized by inborn pigmentary defects of the iris, hair, and/or skin. They include Gray Hair Syndromes (GHSs), a rare group of autosomal recessive genodermatosis hallmarked by inborn silvery gray hair. GHSs encompass Griscelli, Chediak⁻Higashi, Elejalde, and Cross syndromes, which are all characterized by a broad spectrum of severe multisystem disorders, including neurological, ocular, skeletal, and immune system impairment. In this manuscript, we describe in detail the clinical, trichoscopic, and genetic features of a rare case of Griscelli syndrome; moreover, we provide an overview of all the GHSs known to date. Our report highlights how an accurate clinical examination with noninvasive methods, like trichoscopy, may play a crucial rule in diagnosis of rare and potentially lethal genetic syndromes such as Griscelli syndrome, in which timely diagnosis and therapy may modify the clinical course, quality of life, and likelihood of survival.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Pigmentação/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Pigmentação/genética , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico , Doenças Raras/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/imunologia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/patologia , Adulto , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/genética , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/imunologia , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/genética , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/imunologia , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Cabelo/anormalidades , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/imunologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/patologia , Humanos , Hipertricose/induzido quimicamente , Iris/anormalidades , Masculino , Mutação , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/diagnóstico , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/genética , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/imunologia , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/patologia , Piebaldismo/diagnóstico , Piebaldismo/genética , Piebaldismo/imunologia , Piebaldismo/patologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/imunologia , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Qualidade de Vida , Doenças Raras/imunologia , Doenças Raras/patologia , Anormalidades da Pele , Proteínas rab27 de Ligação ao GTP/genética
4.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 69(1): 29-40, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21990010

RESUMO

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and NKT cells are effector cells able to kill infected cells. In some inherited human disorders, a defect in selected proteins involved in the cellular cytotoxicity mechanism results in specific clinical syndromes, grouped under the name of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Recent advances in genetic studies of these patients has allowed the identification of different genetic subsets. Additional genetic immune deficiencies may also induce a similar clinical picture. International cooperation and prospective trials resulted in refining the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these rare diseases with improved outcome but also with improved knowledge of the mechanisms underlying granule-mediated cellular cytotoxicity in humans.


Assuntos
Citotoxicidade Imunológica/fisiologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica , Células T Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Animais , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/genética , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/imunologia , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/metabolismo , Síndrome de Hermanski-Pudlak/genética , Síndrome de Hermanski-Pudlak/imunologia , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/genética , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/imunologia , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/terapia , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/genética , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/imunologia , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica/genética , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica/imunologia , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Camundongos , Proteínas Munc18/genética , Proteínas Munc18/imunologia , Perforina , Piebaldismo/genética , Piebaldismo/imunologia , Proteínas Citotóxicas Formadoras de Poros/genética , Proteínas Citotóxicas Formadoras de Poros/imunologia , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária , Proteínas Qa-SNARE/genética , Proteínas Qa-SNARE/imunologia
5.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 76(2): 92-7, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22032885

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Haemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a common manifestation of several congenital disorders characterised by a disruption of lysosomal secretion, interrupting the cytolytic pathway and triggering a dysfunction in the immune synapse. In this situation, the recognition of certain extra-immunological manifestations may help in the diagnostic process. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We describe the clinical and biological features present in two brothers with familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3 (FHL-3), two patients with Griscelli syndrome type 2 (GS-2) and one patient with Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS). RESULTS: Mutational assays at UNC13D were carried out on two brothers after diagnosing an early onset HS in the first one, yielding a positive result in both cases with a consequent diagnosis of FHL-3. The diagnosis of GS-2 was supported by positive results of mutational Rab27A studies in one patient with HS and abnormal pigmentation, and in her cousin who was affected by a similar abnormal pigmentation. The diagnosis of CHS was established in one patient with HS, abnormal pigmentation and atypical granules on cytological examination of a bone marrow smear. Diagnosis was confirmed in this patient by the finding of a homozygous LYST mutation. CONCLUSIONS: We point out the importance of recognising the presence of typical extra-immunological manifestations of certain congenital disorders of lysosome secretion in patients diagnosed with HS. The association of albinism and immunodeficiency has played a critical role in the recent identification of the molecular mechanism involved in these disorders.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica , Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos , Piebaldismo , Células Apresentadoras de Antígenos , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/genética , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Lactente , Linfócitos , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/genética , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/imunologia , Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/diagnóstico , Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/genética , Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/imunologia , Piebaldismo/diagnóstico , Piebaldismo/genética , Piebaldismo/imunologia , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária
6.
Indian Pediatr ; 41(7): 734-7, 2004 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15297691

RESUMO

Griscelli syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by partial albinism with variable immunodeficiency. Silvery gray hair with large, clumped melanosomes on microscopy of hair shafts are diagnostic. The commonest complication leading to mortality includes lymphohistiocytic proliferation in various organs, including the brain. We present a child with classic clinical features and confirmatory findings of clumped melanosomes on microscopy of hair shaft.


Assuntos
Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum , Piebaldismo/imunologia , Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/diagnóstico , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Síndrome
7.
Eur J Pediatr ; 159(1-2): 74-8, 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10653334

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: A 2-month-old girl presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypertriglyceridaemia and silvery-greyish hair, suggesting the diagnosis of Griscelli syndrome (partial albinism with immunodeficiency). This diagnosis was confirmed by the characteristic agglomeration of melanin in the hair shaft and accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes of the skin. The patient was homozygous for polymorphic markers around the myosin-Va gene on chromosome 15q21, which co-localize to the Griscelli disease locus. Natural-killer cells were in the lower range. The stimulation of lymphocytes with antigen and mitogen was normal. The patient's accelerated phase, characterized by haemophagocytosis was treated with prednisolone, rabbit anti-thymocyte globulins, and intrathecal methotrexate. Remission was maintained with cyclosporin A until HLA-compatible peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from her mother. CONCLUSION: The silvery-greyish hair associated with fever, pancytopenia and hypertriglyceridaemia is the clue to early diagnosis of Griscelli syndrome and important to prevent death before stem cell transplantation.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/fisiopatologia , Piebaldismo/fisiopatologia , Cromossomos Humanos Par 15 , Feminino , Cor de Cabelo , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/patologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/terapia , Lactente , Melanossomas/ultraestrutura , Linhagem , Piebaldismo/genética , Piebaldismo/imunologia , Piebaldismo/patologia
8.
Br J Dermatol ; 134(1): 134-7, 1996 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8745900

RESUMO

A case of graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) arising solely within an area affected by piebaldism is described. The patient, a 35-year-old woman with a single hypopigmented patch on the right leg present since birth, had received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from an HLA-identical sibling donor, for treatment of a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Beginning on day +38 post-BMT, the patch developed changes which were histologically consistent with GVHD. Syngeneic mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction (MECLR) testing of tissue from the patch, and from adjacent normal skin, showed differences which suggest that piebaldism-affected skin is immunologically different from normal skin. These findings may offer new insight into the pathophysiology of this disorder.


Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea/efeitos adversos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Piebaldismo/complicações , Adulto , Anemia Refratária com Excesso de Blastos/terapia , Epiderme/imunologia , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/patologia , Humanos , Linfócitos/imunologia , Piebaldismo/imunologia , Piebaldismo/patologia
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