RESUMO
Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and represents an animal model of the human Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In this study, we report that nasal administration of the neuritogenic peptide 180-199 and of the cryptic peptide 56-71 of the rat neuritogenic P0 protein of peripheral nerve myelin prevents EAN and attenuates ongoing EAN. Both peptides effectively decreased the severity and shortened clinical EAN. Both a prophylactic and a therapeutic approach proved to be beneficial. These effects were associated with T and B cells hyporesponsiveness to the peptide antigens, reflected by downregulated Th1 cell responses (interferon-gamma secretion) and macrophage function, whereas Th2 cell responses (IL-4 secretion) and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA expression were upregulated.
Assuntos
Terapia de Imunossupressão , Proteína P0 da Mielina/imunologia , Proteína P0 da Mielina/farmacologia , Neurite Autoimune Experimental/imunologia , Neurite Autoimune Experimental/prevenção & controle , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Bovinos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epitopos , Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/metabolismo , Imunização , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Linfonodos/imunologia , Masculino , Neurite Autoimune Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Polirradiculoneuropatia/tratamento farmacológico , Polirradiculoneuropatia/imunologia , Polirradiculoneuropatia/prevenção & controle , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew , Nervo Isquiático/química , Nervo Isquiático/imunologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genéticaRESUMO
The high, worldwide incidence of Campylobacter jejuni-associated diarrheal disease has recently prompted the development of anti-Campylobacter vaccines. However, the association of C. jejuni infections with subsequent development of Guillain-Barré syndrome has increased concerns from a pathogenesis standpoint and from a vaccine development and regulation standpoint. This brief overview describes the purpose and process of Food and Drug Administration review of vaccine products and highlights some important considerations pertinent to Campylobacter vaccine development.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas , Infecções por Campylobacter/prevenção & controle , Campylobacter jejuni/imunologia , Aprovação de Drogas , United States Food and Drug Administration , Vacinas Bacterianas/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Humanos , Polirradiculoneuropatia/etiologia , Polirradiculoneuropatia/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration/legislação & jurisprudência , United States Food and Drug Administration/normasAssuntos
Imunização Passiva , Imunoglobulinas/administração & dosagem , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/terapia , Adulto , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Criança , Esquema de Medicação , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/efeitos adversos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/prevenção & controle , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/terapia , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Prematuro/terapia , Infusões Intravenosas , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/prevenção & controle , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/terapia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/prevenção & controle , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/terapia , Polirradiculoneuropatia/prevenção & controle , Polirradiculoneuropatia/terapia , Púrpura Trombocitopênica/prevenção & controle , Púrpura Trombocitopênica/terapia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
During the period January 1978-March 1981, 2,575 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) were reported by participating neurologists in the national GBS surveillance system. The incidence of GBS was highest in the 50- to 74-year-old age group, but a lesser peak was observed in persons aged 15 to 35. The frequencies of antecedent respiratory (43%) and gastrointestinal (21%) illness exceeded frequencies of such illnesses in the US population (10 and 0.8%, respectively), based on survey data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics; the differences in these frequencies of illness were similar in all seasons of the year, in males and in females, and in persons less than 6, 6 to 16, 17 to 44, and greater than 44 years of age. Nineteen percent of adult patients for whom information was available (67% of the total) reported receiving an A/New Jersey influenza vaccine in 1976, a lower percentage than would be expected on the basis of a survey conducted in that year. The data suggest that persons who received this vaccine have not been at increased risk and may even have been at decreased risk of acquiring GBS during the period covered by this study.
Assuntos
Polirradiculoneuropatia/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New Jersey , Polirradiculoneuropatia/etiologia , Polirradiculoneuropatia/prevenção & controle , Doenças Respiratórias/complicações , Estados Unidos , Vacinação/históriaRESUMO
Using the US Army's operational reporting system, the medical records of soldiers with Guillain-Barré syndrome were retrieved and compared with reported incidence figures from the 1976 national influenza immunization program. Military personnel sustained an incidence of disease approximatley 50% higher than unvaccinated civilians but less than 25% of the rate attributed to civilian vaccinees.