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1.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 10655, 2020 06 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32606447

RESUMO

In the beginning of April 2020, large fires that started in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) established after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 caused media and public concerns about the health impact from the resuspended radioactivity. In this paper, the emissions of previously deposited radionuclides from these fires are assessed and their dispersion and impact on the population is examined relying on the most recent data on radioactive contamination and emission factors combined with satellite observations. About 341 GBq of 137Cs, 51 GBq of 90Sr, 2 GBq of 238Pu, 33 MBq of 239Pu, 66 MBq of 240Pu and 504 MBq of 241Am were released in 1st-22nd April 2020 or about 1,000,000,000 times lower than the original accident in 1986 and mostly distributed in Central and East Europe. The large size of biomass burning particles carrying radionuclides prevents long-range transport as confirmed by concentrations reported in Europe. The highest cumulative effective doses (> 15 µSv) were calculated for firefighters and the population living in the CEZ, while doses were much lower in Kiev (2-5 µSv) and negligible in Belarus, Russia and Europe. All doses are radiologically insignificant and no health impact on the European population is expected from the April 2020 fires.


Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Federação Russa , Incêndios Florestais
2.
J Vis Exp ; (144)2019 02 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30829321

RESUMO

Radioactive pulse-chase labeling is a powerful tool for studying the conformational maturation, the transport to their functional cellular location, and the degradation of target proteins in live cells. By using short (pulse) radiolabeling times (<30 min) and tightly controlled chase times, it is possible to label only a small fraction of the total protein pool and follow its folding. When combined with nonreducing/reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoprecipitation with (conformation-specific) antibodies, folding processes can be examined in great detail. This system has been used to analyze the folding of proteins with a huge variation in properties such as soluble proteins, single and multi-pass transmembrane proteins, heavily N- and O-glycosylated proteins, and proteins with and without extensive disulfide bonding. Pulse-chase methods are the basis of kinetic studies into a range of additional features, including co- and posttranslational modifications, oligomerization, and polymerization, essentially allowing the analysis of a protein from birth to death. Pulse-chase studies on protein folding are complementary with other biochemical and biophysical methods for studying proteins in vitro by providing increased temporal resolution and physiological information. The methods as described within this paper are adapted easily to study the folding of almost any protein that can be expressed in mammalian or insect-cell systems.


Assuntos
Dobramento de Proteína , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Movimento Celular , Transfecção
3.
Anim Sci J ; 90(1): 128-134, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30358029

RESUMO

White blood cells, especially lymphocytes, are susceptible to radiation exposure. In the present study, red blood cell, total white blood cell, and lymphocyte counts were repeatedly measured in cattle living on three farms located in the "difficult-to-return zone" of the Fukushima nuclear accident, and compared with two control groups from unaffected areas. Blood cell counts differed significantly between the two control groups, although almost all the values fell within the normal range. The blood cell counts of the cattle in the "difficult-to-return zone" varied across sampling times even on the same farms, being sometimes higher or lower than either of the two control groups. However, neither a statistically significant decrease in blood cell counts nor an increase in the rate of cattle with extremely low blood cell counts was observed overall. The estimated cumulative exposure dose for the cattle on the most contaminated farm was within a range of 500-1000 mSv, exceeding the threshold for the lymphopenia. Because of the low dose rate on these farms, potential radiation damages would have been repaired and have not accumulated enough to cause deterministic effects.


Assuntos
Bovinos/sangue , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Contagem de Leucócitos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Fazendas , Japão , Doses de Radiação
4.
Am J Hematol ; 94(1): 62-73, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30295334

RESUMO

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) driver mutations are usually found in JAK2, MPL, and CALR genes; however, 10%-15% of cases are triple negative (TN). A previous study showed lower rate of JAK2 V617F in primary myelofibrosis patients exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) from Chernobyl accident. To examine distinct driver mutations, we enrolled 281 Ukrainian IR-exposed and unexposed MPN patients. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes. JAK2 V617F, MPL W515, types 1- and 2-like CALR mutations were identified by Sanger Sequencing and real time polymerase chain reaction. Chromosomal alterations were assessed by oligo-SNP microarray platform. Additional genetic variants were identified by whole exome and targeted sequencing. Statistical significance was evaluated by Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon's rank sum test (R, version 3.4.2). IR-exposed MPN patients exhibited a different genetic profile vs unexposed: lower rate of JAK2 V617F (58.4% vs 75.4%, P = .0077), higher rate of type 1-like CALR mutation (12.2% vs 3.1%, P = .0056), higher rate of TN cases (27.8% vs 16.2%, P = .0366), higher rate of potentially pathogenic sequence variants (mean numbers: 4.8 vs 3.1, P = .0242). Furthermore, we identified several potential drivers specific to IR-exposed TN MPN patients: ATM p.S1691R with copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity at 11q; EZH2 p.D659G at 7q and SUZ12 p.V71 M at 17q with copy number loss. Thus, IR-exposed MPN patients represent a group with distinct genomic characteristics worthy of further study.


Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Calreticulina/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , DNA/genética , Feminino , Dosagem de Genes , Humanos , Janus Quinase 2/genética , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/genética , Receptores de Trombopoetina/genética , Ucrânia/epidemiologia , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Adulto Jovem
5.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol ; 22: 428-449, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês, Ucraniano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29286525

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The main goal was to analyze the incidence of the morbidity in 1980, 1989, 2001, 2014 years and the structures of the absolute number of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms cases during the period 1980-2014 on radiation contaminated and not contaminated territories in Cherkasy region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The epidemiological indecies of hematological neoplasms were analyzed on radiation con taminated and not contaminated territories in Cherkasy region during the period from 1980 to 2014. Referring the territory in Cherkasy region to radiation contaminated is based on settlements dosimetry certification of Ukraine after the Chornobyl accident. 63 settlements were enrolled to radiation contaminated areas in Cherkasy region and 11 settlements assigned as not contaminated areas. RESULTS: The first positions in the list of the hematological neoplasms structure and frequency among new cases during 1980-2014 on not contaminated territories in Cherkasy region occupied by lymphoid leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloid leukemia and on the radiation contaminated territories - chronic, acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia and lymphoma, diffuse large cell lymphoma. In the structure of hematological neoplasms record ed on the contaminated territories in Cherkasy region, there is a smaller proportion of Hodgkin's lymphoma cases (C81) than 0.84 fold (RR = 0.84; 95 % CI = 0.75-0.93) and more than 1.15 times (RR = 1.15; 95 % CI = 1.02-1.30) other unspecified malignant lymphoid and hematopoietic neoplasms. In 2001 on the radiation contaminated terri tories in Cherkasy region increase the incidence of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia in 2.46 times (p = 0.024) observed compared to non contaminated areas there (5.30 per 100 000, 95% CI = 3.03-8.33 versus 2.15 per 100,000, 95 % CI = 0.66-3.64). It was calculated that RR of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia (C92) in 2001 on radiation contaminated areas in Cherkasy region is 1.40 (95 % CI = 1.12-1.17) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (C81) on condition ally clean areas Cherkasy region - 1.70 (95 % CI = 1.36-2.12).


Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiologia , Doença de Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Leucemia Linfoide/epidemiologia , Leucemia Mieloide/epidemiologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/epidemiologia , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/etiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Doença de Hodgkin/etiologia , Doença de Hodgkin/patologia , Humanos , Incidência , Leucemia Linfoide/etiologia , Leucemia Linfoide/patologia , Leucemia Mieloide/etiologia , Leucemia Mieloide/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/etiologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doses de Radiação , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Radiometria , População Rural , Sobreviventes , Ucrânia/epidemiologia , População Urbana
6.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol ; 22: 463-475, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês, Ucraniano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29286527

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: to determine the effectiveness of citrulline use for correcting endothelial dysfunction in children resi dents of radioactively contaminated areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of children residents of radioactively contaminated areas with the presence of clinical and paraclinical signs of endothelial dysfunction was selected to assess the effectiveness of correcting endothelial dysfunction by the usage of NO potential donator - citrulline according to the data of selective screen ing. There were determined the biochemical parameters of the content of NO stable metabolites, L arginine, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes in the blood serum; the indices of cellular and humoral immunity; the instrumen tal indices of vascular endothelium dependent reaction on occlusion test, the lung ventilation capacity, the bioelec tric activity of the myocardium, the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system.Examined children were received a course of citrulline malate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: An increased content of serum L arginine, nitrite, and amounts of NO metabolites was established in children with endothelial dysfunction who were received a course of citrulline malate. Bronchospasm elimination was noted in the significant part of examined patients after the drug use. Decreased recovery period and increased period of hypercompensation for thermographic circulation index in the test with post occlusion reac tive hyperemia were detected by an evaluation of indicators for vascular endothelium dependent vasodilatation using thermographic method indicating an increased endothelial vasomotor capacity. There was tendency to improve the processes of autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm and repolarization of the heart muscle. The antioxidant effect of used citrulline malate course was determined as: decreased content of serum LPO end products that react with thiobarbituric acid under elevated activity of antioxidant - catalase. An increase in the percentage of T lymphocyte, normalization of their subpopulation composition was noted in dynamics of citrulline malate application.


Assuntos
Espasmo Brônquico/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Citrulina/análogos & derivados , Malatos/uso terapêutico , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/uso terapêutico , Óxido Nítrico/uso terapêutico , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Arginina/sangue , Espasmo Brônquico/etiologia , Espasmo Brônquico/imunologia , Espasmo Brônquico/fisiopatologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/imunologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Criança , Citrulina/química , Citrulina/metabolismo , Citrulina/uso terapêutico , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/imunologia , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Humoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Malatos/química , Malatos/metabolismo , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/química , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Nitritos/sangue , Doses de Radiação , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , População Rural , Sobreviventes , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/patologia , Ucrânia , População Urbana
7.
Environ Health ; 16(1): 97, 2017 09 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28882148

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Radon and its decay products, a source of ionizing radiation, are primarily inhaled and can deliver a radiation dose to breast tissue, where they may continue to decay and emit DNA damage-inducing particles. Few studies have examined the relationship between radon and breast cancer. METHODS: The Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) includes U.S. female registered nurses who completed biennial questionnaires since 1989. Self-reported breast cancer was confirmed from medical records. County-level radon exposures were linked with geocoded residential addresses updated throughout follow-up. Time-varying Cox regression models adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: From 1989 to 2013, 3966 invasive breast cancer cases occurred among 112,639 participants. Increasing radon exposure was not associated with breast cancer risk overall (adjusted HR comparing highest to lowest quintile = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.21, p for trend = 0.30). However, women in the highest quintile of exposure (≥74.9 Bq/m3) had a suggested elevated risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer compared to women in the lowest quintile (<27.0 Bq/m3) (adjusted HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.96, p for trend = 0.05). No association was observed for ER+/PR+ breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Although we did not find an association between radon exposure and risk of overall or ER+/PR+ breast cancer, we observed a suggestive association with risk of ER-/PR- breast cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Exposição à Radiação , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Radônio/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
8.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 217(5): 263-266, jun.-jul. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-163009

RESUMO

En enero de 1966, 2 aviones de guerra norteamericanos colisionaron sobre el cielo de Palomares (Almería). Uno de ellos transportaba bombas termonucleares que, al impactar con el suelo, liberaron plutonio y otros materiales radiactivos. Inmediatamente se retiraron las tierras y vegetales más contaminados, y se puso en marcha el Proyecto Indalo destinado a estudiar los efectos del material nuclear sobre los habitantes y el entorno de Palomares. Un total de 1.077 habitantes han sido controlados desde entonces, y la versión oficial es que las radiaciones ionizantes no se han relacionado con ningún tipo de enfermedad. Sin embargo, el secretismo ha rodeado gran parte de las investigaciones, y no se ha realizado ningún estudio epidemiológico solvente en la zona. Actualmente quedan en Palomares unos 500g de plutonio y americio. A pesar de que el riesgo para la población parece ser bajo, este material radiactivo debería retirarse lo antes posible (AU)


In January 1966, 2 US military aircraft collided over the skies of Palomares (Almeria). One of them carried thermonuclear bombs, which released plutonium and other radioactive materials upon striking the ground. The most contaminated earth and plants were immediately removed. The Indalo Project was launched to study the effects of nuclear material on the inhabitants and environment of Palomares. A total of 1,077 inhabitants have been monitored since then, and the official version is that the ionising radiation has not been related to any type of disease. However, secrecy has surrounded much of the investigations, and no trustworthy epidemiological study has been conducted in the area. Approximately 500g of plutonium and americium remains in Palomares. Although the risk for the population appears to be low, this radioactive material should be removed as soon as possible (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Plutônio/efeitos adversos , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos/tendências , Amerício/efeitos adversos , Armas Nucleares , Radioatividade , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Ecossistema
9.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 171(1): 41-6, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27473699

RESUMO

The actual implementation of the epidemiological study on human health risk from low dose and low-dose rate radiation exposure and the comprehensive long-term radiation health effects survey are important especially after radiological and nuclear accidents because of public fear and concern about the long-term health effects of low-dose radiation exposure have increased considerably. Since the Great East Japan earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in Japan, Fukushima Prefecture has started the Fukushima Health Management Survey Project for the purpose of long-term health care administration and medical early diagnosis/treatment for the prefectural residents. Especially on a basis of the lessons learned from the Chernobyl accident, both thyroid examination and mental health care are critically important irrespective of the level of radiation exposure. There are considerable differences between Chernobyl and Fukushima regarding radiation dose to the public, and it is very difficult to estimate retrospectively internal exposure dose from the short-lived radioactive iodines. Therefore, the necessity of thyroid ultrasound examination in Fukushima and the intermediate results of this survey targeting children will be reviewed and discussed in order to avoid any misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the high detection rate of childhood thyroid cancer.


Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Poluentes Radioativos/análise , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Contaminação Radioativa de Alimentos , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo/análise , Japão/epidemiologia , Centrais Nucleares , Doses de Radiação , Exposição à Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Ucrânia/epidemiologia
10.
Environ Int ; 87: 42-8, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26638017

RESUMO

There has been public concern regarding the safety of residing near nuclear power plants, and the extent of risk for thyroid cancer among adults living near nuclear power plants has not been fully explored. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies was conducted to investigate the association between living near nuclear power plants and the risk of thyroid cancer. A comprehensive literature search was performed on studies published up to March 2015 on the association between nuclear power plants and thyroid cancer risk. The summary standardized incidence ratio (SIR), standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effect model of meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by study quality. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, covering 36 nuclear power stations in 10 countries. Overall, summary estimates showed no significant increased thyroid cancer incidence or mortality among residents living near nuclear power plants (summary SIR=0.98; 95% CI 0.87-1.11, summary SMR=0.80; 95% CI 0.62-1.04). The pooled estimates did not reveal different patterns of risk by gender, exposure definition, or reference population. However, sensitivity analysis by exposure definition showed that living less than 20 km from nuclear power plants was associated with a significant increase in the risk of thyroid cancer in well-designed studies (summary OR=1.75; 95% CI 1.17-2.64). Our study does not support an association between living near nuclear power plants and risk of thyroid cancer but does support a need for well-designed future studies.


Assuntos
Centrais Nucleares , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/etiologia
11.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol ; 238: 107-119, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26670035

RESUMO

Radiation is part of the natural environment: it is estimated that approximately 80 % of all human exposure comes from naturally occurring or background radiation. Certain extractive industries such as mining and oil logging have the potential to increase the risk of radiation exposure to the environment and humans by concentrating the quantities of naturally occurring radiation beyond normal background levels (Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli 2004).


Assuntos
Radiação de Fundo/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental , Mineração , Indústria de Petróleo e Gás , Poluentes Radioativos/toxicidade , Humanos , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos
12.
J Environ Radioact ; 151 Pt 1: 50-57, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26408836

RESUMO

A dynamic mathematical model is formulated, predicting the development of radiation effects in a generic animal population, inhabiting an elemental ecosystem 'population-limiting resource'. Differential equations of the model describe the dynamic responses to radiation damage of the following population characteristics: gross biomass; intrinsic fractions of healthy and reversibly damaged tissues in biomass; intrinsic concentrations of the self-repairing pool and the growth factor; and amount of the limiting resource available in the environment. Analytical formulae are found for the steady states of model variables as non-linear functions of the dose rate of chronic radiation exposure. Analytical solutions make it possible to predict the expected severity of radiation effects in a model ecosystem, including such endpoints as morbidity, mortality, life shortening, biosynthesis, and population biomass. Model parameters are selected from species data on lifespan, physiological growth and mortality rates, and individual radiosensitivity. Thresholds for population extinction can be analytically calculated for different animal species, examples are provided for generic mice and wolf populations. The ecosystem model demonstrates a compensatory effect of the environment on the development of radiation effects in wildlife. The model can be employed to construct a preliminary scale 'radiation exposure-population effects' for different animal species; species can be identified, which are vulnerable at a population level to chronic radiation exposure.


Assuntos
Camundongos/fisiologia , Radiação Ionizante , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Lobos/fisiologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Modelos Biológicos , Dinâmica Populacional , Tolerância a Radiação , Medição de Risco
13.
Gig Sanit ; 95(5): 422-8, 2016.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29412552

RESUMO

There ecologic-hygienic ranging of all 27 areas of the Bryansk region was performed with the using of the innovative methodical approach with taking into account the integrated indices of total pollution of all objects of the environment. The analysis of results of the performed biochemical researches with studying of indices of the endocrine homeostasis in residents of ecologically various areas has allowed to evolve thyrotropic hormone TTH (Qcalc=2,4 at K=1,96) and thyroid hormone ST4 (Qcalc=3,684 at K=1,96) as biological markers of the negative impact of technogenic-chemical contamination of environment on human health.


Assuntos
Poluição Ambiental , Substâncias Perigosas , Poluentes Radioativos , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide , Saúde Ambiental/métodos , Saúde Ambiental/organização & administração , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Substâncias Perigosas/efeitos adversos , Substâncias Perigosas/análise , Humanos , Avaliação das Necessidades , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Radioativos/análise , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/etiologia , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/prevenção & controle
14.
Gig Sanit ; 95(5): 428-31, 2016.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29412553

RESUMO

In the article there are contained the results of the study of ambient air of the regional center, urban-type settlement, and buccal epithelium in 87 schoolchildren aged of 11-13 years. Schoolchildren residing in the regional center were shown to be more susceptible to the exposure to such toxicants as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, fluorhydric acid, chlorine and its compounds, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde contained in the ambient air. In this group of students if compared with students who live in the village, there were revealed more pronounced cytogenetic deteriorations in oral mucosal epitheliocytes: cells with micronuclei, different forms of protrusion of the core, dual-core cell mitosis, kariokynesis, apoptotic bodies significantly more common occur, that can speak about both not only of cytogenetic instability, but and the degree of environmental genotoxicity, in particular, ambient air. There was noted the tendency to increase the level of cytogenetic damage and destruction of the nucleus in the group of girls in comparison with boys.


Assuntos
Substâncias Perigosas , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Adolescente , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Criança , Análise Citogenética/métodos , Exposição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Monitoramento Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Substâncias Perigosas/efeitos adversos , Substâncias Perigosas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação das Necessidades , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Radioativos/análise , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/estatística & dados numéricos
15.
Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol ; (3): 331-6, 2015.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26349240

RESUMO

The use of the buccal mucosa cell micronucleus test for comparison of chemical, radiation, and radiation-chemical environmental pollution has been considered. The combined impact of chemical and radiation factors has been found to cause additive effects, synergism, and inhibition. It has been noted that the cytogenetic characteristics of the buccal epithelium may be used as a "biological dosimeter" of the total level of environmental pollution.


Assuntos
Mucosa Bucal/citologia , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/efeitos adversos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos da radiação
16.
Sci Rep ; 5: 12351, 2015 Jul 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26197998

RESUMO

The body size of the pale grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria maha, has been used as an environmental indicator of radioactive pollution caused by the Fukushima nuclear accident. However, geographical and temporal size distributions in Japan and temperature effects on size have not been established in this species. Here, we examined the geographical, temporal, and temperature-dependent changes of the forewing size of Z. maha argia in Japan. Butterflies collected in 2012 and 2013 from multiple prefectures throughout Japan demonstrated an inverse relationship of latitude and forewing size, which is the reverse of Bergmann's cline. The Fukushima population was significantly larger than the Aomori and Miyagi populations and exhibited no difference from most of the other prefectural populations. When monitored at a single geographic locality every other month, forewing sizes were the largest in April and the smallest in August. Rearing larvae at a constant temperature demonstrated that forewing size followed the temperature-size rule. Therefore, the converse Bergmann's rule and the temperature-size rule coexist in this multivoltine species. Our study establishes this species as a useful environmental indicator and supports the idea that the size reduction observed only in Fukushima Prefecture in 2011 was caused by the environmental stress of radioactive pollution.


Assuntos
Tamanho Corporal/fisiologia , Tamanho Corporal/efeitos da radiação , Borboletas/fisiologia , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Meio Ambiente , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Geografia , Japão , Larva/fisiologia , Larva/efeitos da radiação , Temperatura
17.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 162(1-2): 144-7, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25084793

RESUMO

The aim of this study is to describe the experimental results of external surface mechanical decontamination of the studied materials forming selected suits. Seven types of personal protective suits declaring protection against radioactive aerosol contamination in different price ranges were selected for decontamination experiments. The outcome of this study is to compare the efficiency of a double-step decontamination process on various personal protective suits against radioactive contamination. A comparison of the decontamination effectiveness for the same type of suit, but for the different chemical mixtures ((140)La in a water-soluble or in a water-insoluble compound), was performed.


Assuntos
Descontaminação/métodos , Lantânio/isolamento & purificação , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Roupa de Proteção , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Gestão da Segurança
18.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes ; 21(5): 384-93, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25122492

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This is a summary of the nuclear accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Stations (FDNPS) on 11 March 2011 to be used as a review of the radiation effects to the thyroid and strategies of prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: The amount of radioiodine released to the environment following the Fukushima accident was 120 Peta Becquerel, which is approximately one-tenth of that in the Chernobyl accident. Residents near the FDNPS were evacuated within a few days and foodstuffs were controlled within 1 or 2 weeks. Therefore, thyroid radiation doses were less than 100 mSv (intervention levels for stable iodine administration) in the majority of children, including less than 1 year olds, living in the evacuation areas. Because the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer increased in those residing near the site following the Chernobyl accident, thyroid screening of all children (0-18 years old) in the Fukushima Prefecture was started. To date, screening of more than 280 000 children has resulted in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in 90 children (approximate incidence, 313 per million). Thus, although the dose of radiation was much lower, the incidence of thyroid cancer appears to be much higher than that following the Chernobyl accident. SUMMARY: A comparison of the thyroidal consequences following the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear reactor accidents is discussed. We also summarize the recent increased incidence in thyroid cancer in the Fukushima area following the accident in relation to increased thyroid ultrasound screening and the use of advanced ultrasound techniques. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COE/A8.


Assuntos
Contaminação Radioativa de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/diagnóstico , Saúde Pública , Monitoramento de Radiação , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Planejamento em Desastres , Vítimas de Desastres , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Japão , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Doses de Radiação , Medição de Risco , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/prevenção & controle
19.
Environ Geochem Health ; 36(6): 1165-90, 2014 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24804829

RESUMO

Radionuclide contamination in terrestrial ecosystems has reached a dangerous level. The major artificial radionuclide present in the environment is (137)Cs, which is released as a result of weapon production related to atomic projects, accidental explosions of nuclear power plants and other sources, such as reactors, evaporation ponds, liquid storage tanks, and burial grounds. The release of potentially hazardous radionuclides (radiocesium) in recent years has provided the opportunity to conduct multidisciplinary studies on their fate and transport. Radiocesium's high fission yield and ease of detection made it a prime candidate for early radio-ecological investigations. The facility setting provides a diverse background for the improved understanding of various factors that contribute toward the fate and transfer of radionuclides in the terrestrial ecosystem. In this review, we summarize the significant environmental radiocesium transfer factors to determine the damaging effects of radiocesium on terrestrial ecosystem. It has been found that (137)Cs can trace the transport of other radionuclides that have a high affinity for binding to soil particles (silts and clays). Possible remedial methods are also discussed for contaminated terrestrial systems. This review will serve as a guideline for future studies of the fate and transport of (137)Cs in terrestrial environments in the wake of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant disaster in 2011.


Assuntos
Contaminação Radioativa do Ar , Césio/efeitos adversos , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental/métodos , Cinza Radioativa , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Contaminação Radioativa da Água , Contaminação Radioativa do Ar/efeitos adversos , Contaminação Radioativa do Ar/análise , Contaminação Radioativa do Ar/prevenção & controle , Césio/análise , Radioisótopos de Césio/efeitos adversos , Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Ecossistema , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Monitoramento de Radiação , Cinza Radioativa/efeitos adversos , Cinza Radioativa/análise , Cinza Radioativa/prevenção & controle , Poluentes Radioativos/análise , Contaminação Radioativa da Água/efeitos adversos , Contaminação Radioativa da Água/análise , Contaminação Radioativa da Água/prevenção & controle
20.
Sci Rep ; 4: 4946, 2014 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24844938

RESUMO

A massive amount of radioactive materials has been released into the environment by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, but its biological impacts have rarely been examined. Here, we have quantitatively evaluated the relationship between the dose of ingested radioactive cesium and mortality and abnormality rates using the pale grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria maha. When larvae from Okinawa, which is likely the least polluted locality in Japan, were fed leaves collected from polluted localities, mortality and abnormality rates increased sharply at low doses in response to the ingested cesium dose. This dose-response relationship was best fitted by power function models, which indicated that the half lethal and abnormal doses were 1.9 and 0.76 Bq per larva, corresponding to 54,000 and 22,000 Bq per kilogram body weight, respectively. Both the retention of radioactive cesium in a pupa relative to the ingested dose throughout the larval stage and the accumulation of radioactive cesium in a pupa relative to the activity concentration in a diet were highest at the lowest level of cesium ingested. We conclude that the risk of ingesting a polluted diet is realistic, at least for this butterfly, and likely for certain other organisms living in the polluted area.


Assuntos
Borboletas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pupa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Poluentes Radioativos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Borboletas/efeitos da radiação , Ingestão de Alimentos , Japão , Larva/efeitos da radiação , Pupa/efeitos da radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação
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