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1.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2020: 3928706, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33101587

RESUMO

The genus Coccoloba is widely used in traditional folk medicine, but few scientific data exist for this genus. The goal of this study was to characterise the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of C. alnifolia leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo assays. Six extracts were obtained: hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME), water end extract (WEE), and water extract (WE). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed the presence of phenols, saponins, terpenes, and flavonoids. In vitro assays demonstrated substantial antioxidant potential, especially for polar extracts (EE, ME, WEE, and WE). Moreover, no toxic effects were observed on mammalian cell lines for most of the extracts at the concentrations evaluated. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was also used as an in vivo model for testing antioxidant potential. The EE and WE were chosen, based on previously obtained results. It was observed that neither the EE nor the WE had any toxic effect on C. elegans development. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as a stressor agent. The EE increased the life span of C. elegans by 28% compared to that of the control, and the WE increased the range to 39.2-41.3%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) showed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, and vitexin in the WE. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated the antioxidant potential of C. alnifolia extracts and their possible biotechnological applications.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polygonaceae/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Camundongos , Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óvulo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Polygonaceae/metabolismo
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(13)2020 Jun 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32610527

RESUMO

Vanicosides A and B are the esters of hydroxycinnamic acids with sucrose, occurring in a few plant species from the Polygonaceae family. So far, vanicosides A and B have not been evaluated for anticancer activity against human malignant melanoma. In this study, we tested these two natural products, isolated from Reynoutria sachalinensis rhizomes, against two human melanoma cell lines (amelanotic C32 cell line and melanotic A375 cell line, both bearing endogenous BRAFV600E mutation) and two normal human cell lines-keratinocytes (HaCaT) and the primary fibroblast line. Additionally, a molecular docking of vanicoside A and vanicoside B with selected targets involved in melanoma progression was performed. Cell viability was studied using an MTT assay. A RealTime-Glo™ Annexin V Apoptosis and Necrosis assay was used for monitoring programmed cell death (PCD). Vanicoside A demonstrated strong cytotoxicity against the amelanotic C32 cell line (viability of the C32 cell line was decreased to 55% after 72 h incubation with 5.0 µM of vanicoside A), significantly stronger than vanicoside B. This stronger cytotoxic activity can be attributed to an additional acetyl group in vanicoside A. No significant differences in the cytotoxicity of vanicosides were observed against the less sensitive A375 cell line. Moreover, vanicosides caused the death of melanoma cells at concentrations from 2.5 to 50 µM, without harming the primary fibroblast line. The keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was more sensitive to vanicosides than fibroblasts, showing a clear decrease in viability after incubation with 25 µM of vanicoside A as well as a significant phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, but without a measurable cell death-associated fluorescence. Vanicosides induced an apoptotic death pathway in melanoma cell lines, but because of the initial loss of cell membrane integrity, an additional cell death mechanism might be involved like permeability transition pore (PTP)-mediated necrosis that needs to be explored in the future. Molecular docking indicated that both compounds bind to the active site of the BRAFV600E kinase and MEK-1 kinase; further experiments on their specific inhibitory activity of these targets should be considered.


Assuntos
Cinamatos/farmacologia , Melanoma/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cinamatos/metabolismo , Humanos , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma Amelanótico/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma Amelanótico/patologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/metabolismo , Rizoma/química
3.
Metallomics ; 12(5): 682-701, 2020 05 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32255439

RESUMO

Three metallophyte species, Persicaria capitata, P. puncata (Polygonaceae), Conyza cordata (Asteraceae) from mineral wastes in the Zambian copper-cobalt belt were studied. This study focused on the elemental distribution in the roots, stems and leaves, using a range of techniques: micro-PIXE, SEM-EDS synchrotron XFM and XAS. The species differed in their responses to growing on Co-Cu-enriched soils: Persicaria puncata is a Co hyperaccumulator (up to 1060 µg g-1 in leaves), while Persicaria capitata and Conyza cordata are Co-excluders. All three species are Cu-accumulators. The highest concentrations of Cu-Co are in the epidermal cells, whereas in Persicaria puncata Co was also enriched in the phloem. The Co coordination chemistry shows that an aqueous Co(ii)-tartrate complex was the predominant component identified in all plants and tissues, along with a minor component of a Co(iii) compound with oxygen donor ligands. For Cu, there was considerable variation in the Cu speciation in the various tissues and across the three species. In contrast to hyperaccumulator plants, excluder and accumulator type plants have received far less attention. This study highlights the different biopathways of transition elements (Cu, Co) in hyper-tolerant plant species showing different responses to metalliferous environments.


Assuntos
Asteraceae/metabolismo , Cobalto/metabolismo , Cobre/metabolismo , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Cobalto/análise , Cobalto/química , Cobre/análise , Cobre/química , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluentes do Solo/química , Zâmbia
4.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2020: 6627752, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33414895

RESUMO

In the course of screening for cosmetic ingredients by measuring antioxidant and antiwrinkle and whitening and anti-inflammatory activities, skin-related activity was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, elastase inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, and nitric oxide assay. Several Polygonaseae extracts were found to show potent activity. The results showed that the Persicaria senticosa methanolic extract has the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS radical scavenging activities (IC50 61.0 and 17.5 µg/mL). In the elastase inhibition assay and nitric oxide assay, the IC50 of methanolic extract of Persicaria senticosa was 739.7 µg/mL and 71.8 µg/mL. The Persicaria senticosa 70% ethanolic extract partitioned with n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and aqueous fractions. The purification of EtOAc soluble layer was by column chromatography separation and MPLC analysis of Compounds 1-7. It was identified as loliolide (1), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (2), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (3), 4-methoxy caftraric acid (4), kaempferol-3-(6-methylglucuronide) (5), quercetin-3-(6-methylglucuronide) (6), and quercetin (7). Structure was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectrometry as well as comparison with reported literatures. Radical scavenging effect on DPPH, tyrosinase inhibition, and nitric oxide assay on several compounds from Persicaria senticosa was found to show potent activity. The results showed that Compound 7 has the NO assay (IC5029.7 µM). For DPPH, the IC50 of Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 7 was 39.6, 31.2, 37.0, and 22.7 µM. In tyrosinase inhibitory activity, the IC50 of Compound 7 was 14.3 µM.


Assuntos
Benzotiazóis/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Picratos/química , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Benzotiazóis/farmacologia , Etanol/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Metanol/química , Camundongos , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Elastase Pancreática/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Sulfônicos/farmacologia
5.
Biomolecules ; 9(9)2019 08 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31454978

RESUMO

In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of MeOH extract and bioactive compounds obtained from Reynoutria elliptica seeds using HT22 cells from the murine hippocampal cell line as its underlying molecular basis, which has not yet been elucidated. Our study showed that the MeOH extract of R. elliptica seeds strongly protected HT22 cells from glutamate toxicity. To clarify the responsible compound for the neuroprotective effects, we took an interest in procyanidins of R. elliptica since procyanidins are known to exhibit high structural diversity and neuroprotective activity. To isolate the procyanidins efficiently, a phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract from R. elliptica seeds using the LC/MS-guided isolation approach was applied, and procyanidin B2 3″-O-gallate (1) was successfully isolated. The structure of 1 was elucidated by analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data and LC/MS analysis. The neuroprotective activities of 1 were thoroughly examined using HT22 cells. Compound 1 exhibited a strong antioxidant efficacy and blocked glutamate-mediated increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Furthermore, compound 1 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which were increased by glutamate. These findings prove that the extract of R. elliptica seeds containing procyanidin B2 3″-O-gallate, which is a strong neuroprotective component, can be used as a functional food forattenuating and regulating neurological disorders.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Polygonaceae/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Glutâmico/toxicidade , Hipocampo/citologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Camundongos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Proantocianidinas/isolamento & purificação , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Sementes/metabolismo
6.
BMC Genomics ; 20(1): 586, 2019 07 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31311515

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Persicaria minor (kesum) is an herbaceous plant with a high level of secondary metabolite compounds, particularly terpenoids. These terpenoid compounds have well-established roles in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Although the terpenoids of P. minor have been studied thoroughly, the involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in terpenoid regulation remains poorly understood and needs to be explored. In this study, P. minor plants were inoculated with the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum for terpenoid induction. RESULT: SPME GC-MS analysis showed the highest terpenoid accumulation on the 6th day post-inoculation (dpi) compared to the other treatment time points (0 dpi, 3 dpi, and 9 dpi). Among the increased terpenoid compounds, α-cedrene, valencene and ß-bisabolene were prominent. P. minor inoculated for 6 days was selected for miRNA library construction using next generation sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis showed that 58 miRNAs belonging to 30 families had significantly altered regulation. Among these 58 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 27 [corrected] miRNAs were upregulated, whereas 31 [corrected] miRNAs were downregulated. Two putative novel pre-miRNAs were identified and validated through reverse transcriptase PCR. Prediction of target transcripts potentially involved in the mevalonate pathway (MVA) was carried out by psRobot software, resulting in four miRNAs: pmi-miR530, pmi-miR6173, pmi-miR6300 and a novel miRNA, pmi-Nov_13. In addition, two miRNAs, miR396a and miR398f/g, were predicted to have their target transcripts in the non-mevalonate pathway (MEP). In addition, a novel miRNA, pmi-Nov_12, was identified to have a target gene involved in green leaf volatile (GLV) biosynthesis. RT-qPCR analysis showed that pmi-miR6173, pmi-miR6300 and pmi-nov_13 were downregulated, while miR396a and miR398f/g were upregulated. Pmi-miR530 showed upregulation at 9 dpi, and dynamic expression was observed for pmi-nov_12. Pmi-6300 and pmi-miR396a cleavage sites were detected through degradome sequence analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between miRNA metabolites and mRNA metabolites was validated using correlation analysis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that six studied miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate terpenoid biosynthesis in P. minor. This regulatory behaviour of miRNAs has potential as a genetic tool to regulate terpenoid biosynthesis in P. minor.


Assuntos
Fusarium/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , MicroRNAs/genética , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Polygonaceae/microbiologia , RNA de Plantas/genética , Terpenos/metabolismo , Biblioteca Gênica , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Transcriptoma
7.
Int J Mol Sci ; 19(9)2018 Sep 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30217096

RESUMO

Tartary buckwheat is a type of cultivated medicinal and edible crop with good economic and nutritional value. Knowledge of the final fruit size of buckwheat is critical to its yield increase. In this study, the fruit development of two species of Tartary buckwheat in the Polygonaceae was analyzed. During fruit development, the size/weight, the contents of auxin (AUX)/abscisic acid (ABA), the number of cells, and the changes of embryo were measured and observed; and the two fruit materials were compared to determine the related mechanisms that affected fruit size and the potential factors that regulated the final fruit size. The early events during embryogenesis greatly influenced the final fruit size, and the difference in fruit growth was primarily due to the difference in the number of cells, implicating the effect of cell division rate. Based on our observations and recent reports, the balance of AUX and ABA might be the key factor that regulated the cell division rate. They induced the response of auxin response factor 2 (FtARF2) and downstream small auxin upstream RNA (FtSAURs) through hormone signaling pathway to regulate the fruit size of Tartary buckwheat. Further, through the induction of fruit expansion by exogenous auxin, FtARF2b was significantly downregulated. The FtARF2b is a potential target for molecular breeding or gene editing.


Assuntos
Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Fagopyrum/metabolismo , Frutas/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Divisão Celular/fisiologia , Polygonaceae/metabolismo
8.
PLoS One ; 13(2): e0192576, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29415032

RESUMO

Unlike animals, plants are sessile organisms, lacking circulating antibodies and specialized immune cells and are exposed to various harsh environmental conditions that make them at risk of being attacked by different pathogens and herbivores. Plants produce chemo-signals to respond to the surroundings and be able to distinguish between harmless and harmful signals. In this study, the production of phytochemicals as plant signaling mechanisms and their defensive roles in disease resistance and repelling herbivores are examined in Calligonum comosum. C. comosum is a leafless standalone perennial shrub widespread in sand dunes. The plant has the ability to survive the drastic environmental conditions of the arid/ hyperarid deserts of the Arabia. Structural anatomy and phytochemicals analyses were used to identify both mechanical and chemical defensive mechanisms in C. comosum. Microscopy-based investigations indicated that stems of this species developed hard structures in its outer layers including sclerenchyma and cluster crystals of calcium oxalate (CaOx). Sclerenchyma and CaOx are difficult to be eaten by herbivores and insects and can harm their mouthparts. On the other hand, the plant developed both short-distance (local) and long-distance (systematic over limited sphere) phytochemicals-producing cells located at its outer regions that is surrounding the inner nutrient-rich vascular system (VS). Local chemical was represented by phenolic idioblasts that were released in response to plant cutting. Systematic chemical was represented by toxic volatile oil containing ~50% benzaldehyde derivative (cuminaldehyde). The oil caused strong killing effect on both mammalian cells and microbial pathogens via either direct addition or indirect exposure to its vapor. The plants lost the oil content and allowed fungal growth once cut and dried. The localization of both defensive mechanisms to the outer region of the plant seemed to protect the inner nutrient-rich VS and hence maintained the plant survival. Surprisingly, in relation to traditional folklore use as medicine, local people use only green parts of the plant and only during the winter, where the plant found devoid of volatile oil and phenolic idioblasts. Moreover, it turns into recommendations for local people to avoid any health problems caused by the plant supply.


Assuntos
Clima Desértico , Polygonaceae/fisiologia , Polygonaceae/anatomia & histologia , Polygonaceae/metabolismo
9.
Microb Pathog ; 115: 179-182, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29258752

RESUMO

Rehum emodi is an important medicinal herbal and has been reported to exhibit tremendous pharmacological potential. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydromethanolic extract of rhizome of Rehum emodi against the acute gastroenteriti bacterial strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined by micro-dilution method. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Phytochemical analysis was carried out by LC/MS analysis. The results of the present study showed that hydromethanolic extract of rhizome of Rehum emodi (REE) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against the gastroenteriti bacterial strains. The MIC values ranged from 25 µg/ml to 125 µg/ml. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the REE was evaluated against the human breast cell line FR-2 and it was observed that REE exerted minimal cytotoxic effects on these cells with an IC50 of 250 µg/ml indicating that this extract is non-toxic to human cells. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several secondery metabolites such as anthroquinones (anthrone, emodin, aloe emodin and rhein) flavonoids (quercetin, and naringenin) and phenolics (sinapinic acid and gallic acid) which could potentially be responsible for the activity of the extract. In conclusion REE could potentially prove to be useful in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Gastroenterite/tratamento farmacológico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Rizoma/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Enterobacter aerogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
Plant J ; 90(6): 1052-1063, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28258968

RESUMO

The sesquiterpenoid polygodial, which belongs to the drimane family, has been shown to be an antifeedant for a number of herbivorous insects. It is presumed to be synthesized from farnesyl diphosphate via drimenol, subsequent C-12 hydroxylation and further oxidations at both C-11 and C-12 to form a dialdehyde. Here, we have identified a drimenol synthase (PhDS) and a cytochrome P450 drimenol oxidase (PhDOX1) from Persicaria hydropiper. Expression of PhDS in yeast and plants resulted in production of drimenol alone. Co-expression of PhDS with PhDOX1 in yeast yielded drimendiol, the 12-hydroxylation product of drimenol, as a major product, and cinnamolide. When PhDS and PhDOX1 were transiently expressed by agro-infiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, drimenol was almost completely converted into cinnamolide and several additional drimenol derivatives were observed. In vitro assays showed that PhDOX1 only catalyses the conversion from drimenol to drimendiol, and not the further oxidation into an aldehyde. In yeast and heterologous plant hosts, the C-12 position of drimendiol is therefore likely to be further oxidized by endogenous enzymes into an aldehyde and subsequently converted to cinnamolide, presumably by spontaneous hemiacetal formation with the C-11 hydroxyl group followed by oxidation. Purified cinnamolide was confirmed by NMR and shown to be deterrent with an effective deterrent dose (ED50 ) of about 200-400 µg g-1 fresh weight against both whiteflies and aphids. The putative additional physiological and biochemical requirements for polygodial biosynthesis and stable storage in plant tissues are discussed.


Assuntos
Polygonaceae/enzimologia , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/metabolismo , Animais , Afídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemípteros/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/enzimologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/enzimologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Polygonaceae/genética , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Terpenos/metabolismo , Nicotiana/enzimologia , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/metabolismo
11.
Sci Rep ; 6: 38320, 2016 12 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27922131

RESUMO

The different responses of plant species to resource stress are keys to understand the dynamics of plant community in a changing environment. To test the hypothesis that nitrogen (N) increase would benefit N competitive species, rather than N stress-tolerant species, to compete with neighbours, we conducted an experiment with neighbour removal, N addition and soil moisture as treatments in an alpine grassland on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Both growths and competitive-response abilities (CRA, the ability to tolerate the inhibitory effects of neighbors) of Kobresia macrantha, Polygonum viviparum and Potentilla anserine in wet site were facilitated by N addition, conversely, both growths and CRA of Taraxacum mongolicum and Ligularia virgaurea were suppressed by N addition, indicating that the responses of CRA of target species under N addition were consistent with the N utilization strategies of them. Moreover, the facilitative effects of N addition on competitive-response abilities of Kobresia macrantha and Polygonum viviparum were not found at the dry site, illustrating that soil moisture can alter the changes of neighbour effects caused by N addition. Life strategy of dominant species in plant community on the undisturbed southeastern Tibetan Plateau may shift from N stress-tolerant to N competitive, if the N increases continuously.


Assuntos
Cyperaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitrogênio/farmacologia , Polygonaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Rosaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Altitude , Cyperaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cyperaceae/metabolismo , Pradaria , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Dispersão Vegetal/fisiologia , Polygonaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Rosaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Rosaceae/metabolismo , Solo/química , Tibet , Água/metabolismo , Água/farmacologia
12.
Int J Phytoremediation ; 17(11): 1060-7, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25849115

RESUMO

Azo dyes are commonly generated as effluent pollutants by dye using industries, causing contamination of surface and ground water. Various strategies are employed to treat such wastewater; however, a multi-faceted treatment strategy could be more effective for complete removal of azo dyes from industrial effluent than any single treatment. In the present study, rice husk material was used as a substratum in two constructed wetlands (CWs) and augmented with microorganisms in the presence of wetland plants to effectively treat dye-polluted water. To evaluate the efficiency of each process the study was divided into three levels, i.e., adsorption of dye onto the substratum, phytoremediation within the CW and then bioremediation along with the previous two processes in the augmented CW. The adsorption process was helpful in removing 50% dye in presence of rice husk while 80% in presence of rice husk biocahr. Augmentation of microorganisms in CW systems has improved dye removal efficiency to 90%. Similarly presence of microorganisms enhanced removal of total nitrogen (68% 0 and Total phosphorus (75%). A significant improvement in plant growth was also observed by measuring plant height, number of leaves and leave area. These findings suggest the use of agricultural waste as part of a CW substratum can provide enhanced removal of textile dyes.


Assuntos
Bactérias/metabolismo , Corantes/metabolismo , Naftalenossulfonatos/metabolismo , Oryza/química , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Áreas Alagadas , Adsorção , Agricultura , Biodegradação Ambiental , Grão Comestível/química , Manipulação de Alimentos , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Paquistão , Indústria Têxtil , Águas Residuárias/análise
14.
New Phytol ; 204(3): 620-630, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25059468

RESUMO

Previous studies on the effect of secondary metabolites on the functioning of rhizosphere microbial communities have often focused on aspects of the nitrogen (N) cycle but have overlooked biological denitrification inhibition (BDI), which can affect plant N-nutrition. Here, we investigated the BDI by the compounds of Fallopia spp., an invasive weed shown to be associated with a low potential denitrification of the soil. Fallopia spp. extracts were characterized by chromatographic analysis and were used to test the BDI effects on the metabolic and respiratory activities of denitrifying bacteria, under aerobic and anaerobic (denitrification) conditions. The BDI of Fallopia spp. extracts was tested on a complex soil community by measuring denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), substrate induced respiration (SIR), as well as abundances of denitrifiers and total bacteria. In 15 strains of denitrifying bacteria, extracts led to a greater BDI (92%) than respiration inhibition (50%). Anaerobic metabolic activity reduction was correlated with catechin concentrations and the BDI was dose dependent. In soil, extracts reduced the DEA/SIR ratio without affecting the denitrifiers: total bacteria ratio. We show that secondary metabolite(s) from Fallopia spp. inhibit denitrification. This provides new insight into plant-soil interactions and improves our understanding of a plant's ability to shape microbial soil functioning.


Assuntos
Desnitrificação/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Pseudomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Aerobiose , Anaerobiose , Bioensaio , Espécies Introduzidas , Cinética , Estrutura Molecular , Consumo de Oxigênio , Plantas Daninhas , Pseudomonas/classificação , Pseudomonas/genética , Solo/química
15.
FEBS Lett ; 587(12): 1811-7, 2013 Jun 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23673319

RESUMO

Plants emit a series of characteristic volatile blends when damaged by insect feeding. Phenylacetonitrile is one of the volatiles from the leaves of the giant knotweed, Fallopia sachalinensis, infested by the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, or treated with exogenous airborne methyl jasmonate (MeJA). We examined the precursor of the nitrile and its origin in this system. L-Phenylalanine was determined to be a precursor of the nitrile in F. sachalinensis leaves, and the phenylalanine was also induced by beetle feeding and MeJA treatment. We also found that exogenous MeJA enhanced the biosynthesis of several amino acids in F. sachalinensis leaves.


Assuntos
Acetonitrilas/metabolismo , Herbivoria/fisiologia , Fenilalanina/biossíntese , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Acetatos/farmacologia , Animais , Besouros/fisiologia , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Oxilipinas/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Polygonaceae/efeitos dos fármacos
16.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 38(22): 3857-60, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24558864

RESUMO

To achieve sustainable resources use of Polygonum multiflorum, adventitious roots were efficiently induced and cultured by suspension culture. In order to obtain optimal medium for induction adventitious roots from the young stems of P. multiflorum, MS medium was optimized by supplementing with different concentrations of sucrose and plant growth substances. The optimal medium for suspension culture of adventitious roots was determined by orthogonal design. The adventitious roots with suspension culture were subcultured, and the growth curve was also determined. Furthermore, the effective compound in adventitious roots was detected. The result indicated that the optimal medium for efficient induction of adventitious roots was MS medium containing 4% w/v sucrose, supplemented with 2.0 mg x L(-1) NAA, and 0.2 mg x L(-1) 6-BA. The optimal medium for suspension culture of adventitious roots was MS medium containing 3% sucrose, supplemented with 2.0 mg x L(-1) NAA, and 0.2 mg x L(-1) ABT-7.2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxyl-diphenyl-ethylene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside was detected in adventitious roots, which was effective compound in medicinal material of P. multiflorum. In conclusion, the experiment achieved efficient induction and suspension culture of adventitious roots of P. multiflorum, and laid a foundation for the research on the sustainable use of traditional Chinese medicine resources.


Assuntos
Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Polygonaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos/métodos , Meios de Cultura/química , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Sacarose/metabolismo
17.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao ; 23(6): 1462-8, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22937631

RESUMO

In order to ensure the stability and sustainability of the Calligonum mongolicum shelterbelt along Tarim Desert Highway, the aged C. mongolicum was stumped to investigate its growth and soil moisture and salt distribution. After stumping twice, C. mongolicum grew rapidly in its height, crown width, maximum basal diameter, and sprout number. Three years after stumping, the average height of the sprouts exceeded the control (no stumping), and the crown width and maximum basal diameter was 92.0% and 73.0% of the control, respectively. The fresh mass of the branches and assimilating branches, their dry mass, and the total fresh mass and dry mass of the aboveground parts reached 80.0%, 115.0%, 80.0%, 116.0%, 93.5%, and 88.0% of the control, respectively. Four years after stumping, the aboveground biomass surpassed the control. Comparing with the control, stumping increased the soil moisture content significantly and decreased the soil salt concentration. It was suggested that, to stump the aged C. mongolicum repeatedly could increase the soil moisture content and decrease the soil salt concentration in root zone, and effectively promote the rejuvenation and renewing of C. mongolicum.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Polygonaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sais/análise , Solo/análise , Água/análise , China , Clima Desértico , Monitoramento Ambiental , Polygonaceae/metabolismo
18.
Nat Prod Commun ; 7(6): 685-92, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22816285

RESUMO

The liverwort, Porella vernicosa complex produces a very hot tasting polygodial, a drimane-type sesquiterpene dialdehyde. The same compound has been isolated from two ferns, Thelypteris hispidula and Blechnum fluviatile, as well as from the higher plants Polygonum hydropiper, P. hydropiper f. purpurascens (Polygonaceae), Cinnamosma, Caspicodendron, Canella and Warburgia species (Canellaceae), and Pseudowintera colorata, Tasmannia lanceolata, Drimys and Zygogynum species (Winteraceae). In addition, the liverworts and higher plants which elaborate polygodial and its related pungent drimane dials contain a small amount of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol or delta-tocotrienol. The present paper gives the results of a comparative study on the drimane-type sesquiterpenoids in some liverworts, ferns and higher plants, and the role of tocopherols in these plant groups.


Assuntos
Gleiquênias/metabolismo , Hepatófitas/metabolismo , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/metabolismo , Tocoferóis/metabolismo , Winteraceae/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/química
19.
Prep Biochem Biotechnol ; 42(1): 87-96, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22239710

RESUMO

To isolate high-quality total RNA from Fallopia multiflora tuberous roots is difficult because of the presence of high levels of carbohydrates, phenolics, and other secondary metabolites. Since several procedures specialized for RNA isolation from polysaccharides and phenols rich tissues have resulted in poor yields, in this study, we developed a modified protocol that was derived from the traditional CTAB method. The protocol was able to produce high-quality and intact RNA from the tuberous roots of F. multiflora. The yield of total RNA was more than 0.15 mg/g fresh weight, with an A260/A280 ratio of 1.9-2.0. The obtained RNA was of sufficient quality and suitable for downstream application such as reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Northern hybridization, and cDNA library construction. The protocol may also have wider applicability for total RNA isolation from other plant species with tuberous roots.


Assuntos
Raízes de Plantas/química , Polygonaceae/química , RNA de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Northern Blotting , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Biblioteca Gênica , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , RNA de Plantas/genética
20.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao ; 23(9): 2377-82, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23285991

RESUMO

In order to understand the effects of thinning on the growth of Calligonum arborescens and the soil water-salt distribution in Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt, a thinning experiment was conducted on an aged and declined C. arborescens woodland in a demonstration section of the shelterbelt, with the growth of C. arborescens and the soil water-salt distribution monitored. Thinning had no effects on the phenophase of C. arborescens, but after thinning, the growth of the current year plant height, crown width, ground diameter, and new branch length of reserved trees was larger than that of the control, and the increment was in the order of planting space 2 mx 1 m > 1 m x 1 m > the control, with significant differences among the treatments. The assimilation branch surface area in treatments 2 mx 1 m and 1 m x 1 m were 5.97 m2 and 5.22 m2 per plant, respectively, being significantly larger than the control (3.1 m2 per plant). The soil moisture content in 0-160 cm layer was significantly higher in treatments 2 m x 1 m and 1 mx 1 m than in the control, and increased obviously with thinning intensity. The soil salt content was in the order of control > planting space 1 m x 1 m > 2 m x 1 m, and the differences among the treatments were significant. It was suggested that the best reserved plant density after thinning was planting space 2 m x 1 m.


Assuntos
Clima Desértico , Polygonaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sais/análise , Solo/química , Água/análise , China , Ecossistema , Agricultura Florestal/métodos , Polygonaceae/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio/análise
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