RESUMO
Prephenate dehydratase (PDT), chorismate mutase (CM) and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-7-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase are key regulatory enzymes in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the actinomycete Amycolatopsis methanolica. Deregulated, feedback-control-resistant mutants were isolated by incubation of A. methanolica on glucose mineral agar containing the toxic analogue p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine (pFPhe). Several of these mutants had completely lost PDT sensitivity to Phe inhibition and Tyr activation. Mutant characterization yielded new information about PDT amino acid residues involved in Phe and Tyr effector binding sites. A. methanolica wild-type cells grown on glucose mineral medium normally possess a bifunctional CM/DAHP synthase protein complex (with DS1, a plant-type DAHP synthase). The CM activity of this protein complex is feedback-inhibited by Tyr and Phe, while DS1 activity is mainly inhibited by Trp. Isolation of pFPhe-resistant mutants yielded two feedback-inhibition-resistant CM mutants. These were characterized as regulatory mutants, derepressed in (a) synthesis of CM, now occurring as an abundant, feedback-inhibition-resistant, separate protein, and (b) synthesis of an alternative DAHP synthase (DS2, an E. coli-type DAHP synthase), only inhibited by Tyr and Trp. DS1 and DS2 thus are well integrated in A. methanolica primary metabolism: DS1 and CM form a protein complex, which stimulates CM activity and renders it sensitive to feedback inhibition by Phe and Tyr. Synthesis of CM and DS2 proteins appears to be controlled co-ordinately, sensitive to Phe-mediated feedback repression.
Assuntos
Actinomyces/enzimologia , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/genética , 3-Desoxi-7-Fosfo-Heptulonato Sintase/efeitos dos fármacos , 3-Desoxi-7-Fosfo-Heptulonato Sintase/genética , 3-Desoxi-7-Fosfo-Heptulonato Sintase/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Aminoacilação , Corismato Mutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Corismato Mutase/genética , Corismato Mutase/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Fenilalanina/metabolismo , Fenilalanina/farmacologia , Prefenato Desidratase/efeitos dos fármacos , Prefenato Desidratase/genética , Prefenato Desidratase/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Ácido Chiquímico/metabolismo , Tirosina/farmacologiaRESUMO
The bifunctional P-protein, which plays a central role in Escherichia coli phenylalanine biosynthesis, contains two catalytic domains (chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydratase activities) as well as one R-domain (for feedback inhibition by phenylalanine). Six genes coding for P-protein domains or subdomains were constructed and successfully expressed. Proteins containing residues 1-285 and residues 1-300 retained full mutase and dehydratase activity, but exhibited no feedback inhibition. Proteins containing residues 101-386 and residues 101-300 retained full dehydratase activity, but lacked mutase activity. Fluorescence emission spectra and binding assays indicated that residues 286-386 were crucial for phenylalanine binding. The mutase (residues 1-109), dehydratase (residues 101-285), and regulatory (residues 286-386) activities were thus shown to reside in discrete domains of the P-protein. Both the mutase domain and the native P-protein formed dimers. Deletion of the mutase domain diminished phenylalanine binding to the regulatory site as well as prephenate binding to the dehydratase domain, both through cooperative effects. Besides eliminating feedback inhibition, removal of the R-domain decreased the affinity of chorismate mutase for chorismate.
