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1.
Nitric Oxide ; 83: 1-10, 2019 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30528912

RESUMO

There is conflicting evidence on whether dietary nitrate supplementation can improve exercise performance. This may arise from the complex nature of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism which causes substantial inter-individual variability, within-person biological variation (CVB), and analytical imprecision (CVA) in experimental endpoints. However, no study has quantified the CVA and CVB of NO metabolites or the factors that influence their production. These data are important to calculate the critical difference (CD), defined as the smallest difference between sequential measurements required to signify a true change. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the CVB, CVA, and CD for markers of NO availability (nitrate and nitrite) in plasma and saliva before and after the ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR). We also assessed the CVB of nitrate-reducing bacteria from the dorsal surface of the tongue. It was hypothesised that there would be substantial CVB in markers of NO availability and the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria. Ten healthy male participants (age 25 ±â€¯5 years) completed three identical trials at least 6 days apart. Blood and saliva were collected before and after (2, 2.5 and 3 h) ingestion of 140 ml of BR (∼12.4 mmol nitrate) and analysed for [nitrate] and [nitrite]. The tongue was scraped and the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacterial species were analysed using 16S rRNA next generation sequencing. There was substantial CVB for baseline concentrations of plasma (nitrate 11.9%, nitrite 9.0%) and salivary (nitrate 15.3%, nitrite 32.5%) NO markers. Following BR ingestion, the CVB for nitrate (plasma 3.8%, saliva 12.0%) and salivary nitrite (24.5%) were lower than baseline, but higher for plasma nitrite (18.6%). The CD thresholds that need to be exceeded to ensure a meaningful change from baseline are 25, 19, 37, and 87% for plasma nitrate, plasma nitrite, salivary nitrate, and salivary nitrite, respectively. The CVB for selected nitrate-reducing bacteria detected were: Prevotella melaninogenica (37%), Veillonella dispar (35%), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (79%), Neisseria subflava (70%), Veillonella parvula (43%), Rothia mucilaginosa (60%), and Rothia dentocariosa (132%). There is profound CVB in the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria on the tongue and the concentration of NO markers in human saliva and plasma. Where these parameters are of interest following experimental intervention, the CD values presented in this study will allow researchers to interpret the meaningfulness of the magnitude of the change from baseline.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Nitratos/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Adulto , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Haemophilus parainfluenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micrococcaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Neisseria/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitratos/administração & dosagem , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Veillonella/efeitos dos fármacos
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 19(4)2018 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29659523

RESUMO

Bovine postpartum diseases remain one of the most significant and highly prevalent illnesses with negative effects on the productivity, survival, and welfare of dairy cows. Antibiotics are generally considered beneficial in the treatment of endometritis; however, frequent usage of each antibiotic drug is reason for the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) of the pathogenic microorganisms, representing a major impediment for the successful diagnosis and management of infectious diseases in both humans and animals. We synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average size of 10 nm using the novel biomolecule apigenin as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and evaluated the efficacy of the AgNPs on the MDR pathogenic bacteria Prevotella melaninogenica and Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from uterine secretion samples. AgNPs inhibited cell viability and biofilm formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the metabolic toxicity of the AgNPs was assessed through various cellular assays. The major toxic effect of cell death was caused by an increase in oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, and nitric oxide. The formation of ROS is considered to be the primary mechanism of bacterial death. Therefore, the biomolecule-mediated synthesis of AgNPs shows potential as an alternative antimicrobial therapy for bovine metritis and endometritis.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Arcanobacterium/fisiologia , Endometrite/tratamento farmacológico , Endometrite/microbiologia , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Prevotella melaninogenica/fisiologia , Prata/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apigenina/química , Arcanobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , DNA/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Nanopartículas Metálicas/ultraestrutura , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA/metabolismo , Prata/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo
3.
J Dent ; 41(10): 881-91, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23876930

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the antibacterial activity of two antibacterial monomers, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and dimethylammoniumethyl dimethacrylate (DMAEDM), against eight different species of oral pathogens for the first time; (2) the cytotoxicity of DMAEDM and DMADDM. METHODS: DMAEDM and DMADDM were synthesized by reacting a tertiary amine group with an organo-halide. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against eight species of bacteria were tested. Time-kill determinations were performed to examine the bactericidal kinetics. Cytotoxicity of monomers on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was assessed using a methyl thiazolyltetrazolium assay and live/dead viability assay. RESULTS: DMADDM showed strong bactericidal activity against all bacteria, with MIC of 1.2-9.8µg/mL. DMAEDM had MIC of 20-80mg/mL. Time-kill determinations indicated that DMADDM and DMAEDM had rapid killing effects against eight species of bacteria, and eliminated all bacteria in 30min at the concentration of 4-fold MBC. Median lethal concentration for DMADDM and DMAEDM was between 20 and 40µg/mL, which was 20-fold higher than 1-2µg/mL for BisGMA control. CONCLUSIONS: DMAEDM and DMADDM were tested in time-kill assay against eight species of oral bacteria for the first time. Both were effective in bacteria-inhibition, but DMADDM had a higher potency than DMAEDM. Different killing efficacy was found against different bacteria species. DMAEDM and DMADDM had much lower cytotoxicity than BisGMA. Therefore, DMADDM and DMAEDM are promising for use in bonding agents and other restorative/preventive materials to combat a variety of oral pathogens.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Metacrilatos/farmacologia , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/farmacologia , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Células Cultivadas , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Gengiva/citologia , Gengiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/efeitos dos fármacos , Metacrilatos/síntese química , Metacrilatos/toxicidade , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Boca/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/síntese química , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/toxicidade , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus sanguis/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Clin Oral Investig ; 17(2): 463-73, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22573244

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the effects of rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse with or without adjunct tongue scraping on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in breath air, and the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized single-masked controlled clinical trial with a cross-over study design over 14 days including 21 subjects was performed. Bacterial samples from the dorsum of the tongue were assayed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: No halitosis (identified by VSC assessments) at day 14 was identified in 12/21 subjects with active rinse alone, in 10/21 with adjunct use of tongue scraper, in 1/21 for negative control rinse alone, and in 3/21 in the control and tongue scraping sequence. At day 14, significantly lower counts were identified only in the active rinse sequence (p < 0.001) for 15/78 species including, Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Tannerella forsythia. A decrease in bacteria from baseline to day 14 was found in successfully treated subjects for 9/74 species including: P. gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, S. aureus, and Treponema denticola. Baseline VSC scores were correlated with several bacterial species. The use of a tongue scraper combined with active rinse did not change the levels of VSC compared to rinsing alone. CONCLUSIONS: VSC scores were not associated with bacterial counts in samples taken from the dorsum of the tongue. The active rinse alone containing zinc and chlorhexidine had effects on intra-oral halitosis and reduced bacterial counts of species associated with malodor. Tongue scraping provided no beneficial effects on the microbiota studied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Periodontally healthy subjects with intra-oral halitosis benefit from daily rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse.


Assuntos
Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Halitose/microbiologia , Língua/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Carga Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Cross-Over , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fusobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Halitose/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Higiene Bucal/instrumentação , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Método Simples-Cego , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Compostos de Sulfidrila/análise , Sulfetos/análise , Língua/efeitos dos fármacos , Treponema denticola/efeitos dos fármacos , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Adulto Jovem , Acetato de Zinco/uso terapêutico
5.
J Clin Pediatr Dent ; 36(3): 239-44, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22838224

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial efficacy of a modified 3-mix paste and to compare it with an iodoform paste (Ultrapex) against anaerobic microorganisms isolated from root canals of infected or necrotic primary teeth. STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro experimental assay was performed over isolated and identified anaerobic microorganisms of 21 samples, in order to compare the antimicrobial ability of both root canal filling materials, using a disc-diffusion method. RESULTS: A total of 21 microbial samples (15 polymicrobial and 6 monomicrobial) were obtained, from which 19 different strains were identified. Modified 3-mix paste showed an excellent antimicrobial effect against most of both kinds of microbial samples, although some of them exhibited resistance; on the other hand, Ultrapex showed only minimal antimicrobial ability (null or low categories). Clostridium ramosum exhibited the most resistance to both materials. CONCLUSION: The bactericidal effect of the modified 3-mix paste was superior to Ultrapex, with a statistically significant difference, against anaerobic microorganisms isolated from infected root canals of primary teeth.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidróxido de Cálcio/farmacologia , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Silicones/farmacologia , Dente Decíduo/microbiologia , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Bifidobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Clostridium/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças da Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Gemella/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Minociclina/farmacologia , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Propionibacterium acnes/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus intermedius/efeitos dos fármacos
6.
Int J Antimicrob Agents ; 29(1): 39-43, 2007 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17189093

RESUMO

Telithromycin is a new ketolide antimicrobial with a good in vitro activity against both aerobic and anaerobic respiratory pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity over time of telithromycin (800mg), azithromycin (500mg), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (875/125mg) in serum following single oral doses of these agents to 10 healthy subjects. Inhibitory and bactericidal titers were determined at 2, 6, 12, and 24h after each dose and the median titer was used to determine antibacterial activity. Against two azithromycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, both telithromycin (MIC=0.25 and 0.5 microg/mL) and amoxicillin/clavulanate exhibited inhibitory and cidal activity for at least 6h. All three antibiotics provided prolonged (>or=12h) inhibitory activity against strains of Hemophilus influenzae (telithromycin MIC=4.0 microg/ml). Both telithromycin and amoxicillin/clavulanate exhibited rapid and prolonged inhibitory activity (>or=12h) against each of the anaerobes studied (Finegoldia [Peptostreptococcus] magna Peptostreptococcus micros, Prevotella bivia, and Prevotella melaninogenica). Moreover, both agents provided bactericidal activity against both Prevotella species. In this ex vivo pharmacodynamic study, we found that telithromycin provided rapid and prolonged antibacterial activity in serum against macrolide-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of H. influenzae, and common respiratory anaerobic pathogens. These findings suggest that telithromycin could have clinical utility in the treatment of community-acquired mixed aerobic-anaerobic respiratory tract infections, including chronic sinusitis and aspiration pneumonia.


Assuntos
Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/farmacologia , Azitromicina/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Cetolídeos/farmacologia , Teste Bactericida do Soro , Administração Oral , Adulto , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/administração & dosagem , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/sangue , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/sangue , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Azitromicina/administração & dosagem , Azitromicina/sangue , Bactérias Aeróbias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Anaeróbias/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Cetolídeos/administração & dosagem , Cetolídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptostreptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo
7.
Free Radic Res ; 39(2): 213-20, 2005 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15763969

RESUMO

Although vitamin C is considered to act both as pro-oxidant and antioxidant, the mechanisms underlying these actions are still unclear. Using the oxygen-sensitive system of a strict anaerobe, Prevotella melaninogenica, we investigated both the pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms of vitamin C. In the presence of vitamin C, the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) formation induced by oxygen exposure was enhanced, probably due to the action of vitamin C on hydrogen peroxide generated during oxygen exposure: while catalase almost completely suppressed the enhancing effect of vitamin C, 8OHdG formation induced by hydrogen peroxide was enhanced by vitamin C. By contrast, the presence of vitamin C inhibited bacterial cell death, membrane damage, and lipid peroxidation induced by oxygen exposure. Sodium azide showed similar effects to vitamin C, thus the antioxidant action of vitamin C may be due to its quenching of the singlet oxygen generated in this system. Both the pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of vitamin C were observed only in acidic conditions.


Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Dano ao DNA , Oxigênio/efeitos adversos , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxiguanosina , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Catalase/antagonistas & inibidores , Catalase/metabolismo , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/metabolismo , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/farmacologia , Azida Sódica/farmacologia
8.
Oral Microbiol Immunol ; 18(5): 329-32, 2003 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12930528

RESUMO

This paper reports the effect of the synthesized 27-amino acid sequence in the C-terminal domain of human CAP18 (hCAP18), a human cationic antibacterial protein or cathelicidin, on certain strains belonging to the genera Porophyromonas and Prevotella. The domain binds lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Porophyromonas gingivalis and Porophyromonas circumdentaria as well as enterobacterial LPS. Two analogues of hCAP18, designated LL/CAP18 and FF/CAP18, were also tested to determine whether additional activity was obtained. The analogue peptides replaced with hydrophobic and cationic amino acid residues showed more potent bactericidal and LPS-binding activities than the original one.


Assuntos
Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Família Multigênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Porphyromonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella/efeitos dos fármacos , Catelicidinas , Humanos , Porphyromonas/classificação , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos
9.
Int J Antimicrob Agents ; 21(3): 267-73, 2003 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12636990

RESUMO

This study looked for beta-lactamase production in 100 Prevotella isolates. MICs were determined for amoxycillin, ticarcillin, amoxycillin+clavulanate, cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime and cefotaxime using the reference agar dilution method (standard M11 A4, NCCLS). Beta-lactamase activity was detected in 58 of the 100 isolates, 24 of 46 black-pigmented Provotella and 34 of 54 non-pigmented Prevotella. All beta-lactamase-negative strains were susceptible to all beta-lactam antibiotics with the exception of cefuroxime and cefixime. Overall, resistance rates of Prevotella strains were lower for ticarcillin (8%) and celefotaxime (12%) than for the other cephalosporins. All Prevotella isolates were susceptible to amoxycillin and were all inhibited by 2 mg/l or less amoxycillin [corrected].


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Prevotella/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/microbiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Prevotella/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella intermedia/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/isolamento & purificação , Resistência beta-Lactâmica
10.
Rev. Soc. Odontol. Plata ; 14(28): 25-29, ago. 2001. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-9102

RESUMO

Los estudios y ensayos de laboratorio "in vitro" realizados en el presente trabajo con P.L.R.M. (pasta lentamente reabsorbible de Maisto) confirman un efecto bacteriostático con todas las cepas de microorganismos estudiados: Fusobacterium periodonticum ATCC 33693 Prevotella Melaninogénica ATCC 439822 Porphyromonas endodontalis ATCC 35406 Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus viridans y Streptococcus Grupo A, en períodos de 0 a 56 días y valores de 1g. hasta 0,5mg/ml (AU)


Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Fusobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Porphyromonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Cultura , Bactérias Aeróbias/efeitos dos fármacos , Disponibilidade Biológica
11.
Int J Mol Med ; 8(1): 59-62, 2001 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11408950

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of lactoperoxidase with or without its substrates (hydrogen peroxide, thiocyanate) on the growth of 4 different black pigmented anaerobe (BPA) strains associated with the development and progress of periodontal diseases: Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Prevotella intermedia NCTC 9336, Prevotella loescheii ATCC 15930, and Prevotella melaninogenica NCTC 9338. A 5-min lactoperoxidase-generated OSCN--HOSCN incubation at pH 6.0, 7.0 or 8.0 resulted in a decrease of the growth rate (tested by turbidimetry in liquid cultures) of the 4 BPA strains, whilst lactoperoxidase alone actually promoted bacterial growth.


Assuntos
Lactoperoxidase/farmacologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiocianatos/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose Oxidase/metabolismo , Glucose Oxidase/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactoperoxidase/metabolismo , Porphyromonas gingivalis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolismo , Prevotella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prevotella/metabolismo , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prevotella melaninogenica/metabolismo , Tiocianatos/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo
12.
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 19(1): 41-2, 51, 2001 Feb.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12539636

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to evaluate the antiseptic efficacy of Tinidazole stilus against periodontal pathogen. METHODS: A total of 41 patients with periodontitis were included in this study. 26 of them were treated by Tindazole stilus and other 15 cases were treated by metronidazole stilus as controls. The prevalence of subgingival bacteria from both group were examined. RESULTS: The eliminate rates for Black pigmented anaerobic rod (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedius, Prevotella melaninogenicus), Fusobacteriums, Prevotella oris, Prevotella oralis, Eubacterium and Actinomyces were 95.8% 94.1%, 83.3% and 76.5%. The anti-bacterial efficiency of Tinidazole against periodontal pathogen was significantly higher than that of metronidazole (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It appears to be effective to use Tinidazole stilus as local application against periodontal pathogens.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Tinidazol/administração & dosagem , Administração Tópica , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Tinidazol/uso terapêutico
13.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 192(1): 133-8, 2000 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11040441

RESUMO

We investigated the mechanism of the oxidative DNA damage induction by exposure to O(2) in Prevotella melaninogenica, a strict anaerobe. Flow cytometry with hydroethidine and dichlorofluorescein diacetate showed that O(2) exposure generated O(2)*-) and H(2)O(2). Results of electron spin resonance with alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone and ethanol showed that O(2) exposure also induced *OH radical generation in P. melaninogenica loaded with FeCl(2) but not in samples without FeCl(2) loading. In P. melaninogenica, O(2) exposure increased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG), typical of oxidative DNA damage. Catalase inhibited the increase, but the *OH radical scavengers did not. Phenanthroline, a membrane-permeable Fe and Cu chelator, increased the 8OHdG induction. In FeCl(2)-loaded samples, induction of 8OHdG decreased. Addition of H(2)O(2) markedly increased 8OHdG levels. These results indicate that in P. melaninogenica, exposure to O(2) generated and accumulated O(2)* and H(2)O(2), and that a crypto-OH radical generated through H(2)O(2) was the active species in the 8OHdG induction.


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Oxigênio/farmacologia , Prevotella melaninogenica/genética , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxiguanosina , Anaerobiose , Desoxiguanosina/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica/métodos , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Radical Hidroxila/metabolismo , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/fisiologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismo
14.
FEBS Lett ; 450(3): 178-80, 1999 May 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10359070

RESUMO

We compared oxidative DNA damage in strictly anaerobic Prevotella melaninogenica, aerotolerant anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis, and facultative anaerobic Salmonella typhimurium after exposure to O2 or H2O2. Using HPLC with electrochemical detection, we measured 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) as a damage marker. O2 induced 8OHdG in P. melaninogenica but not in B. fragilis, which shows catalase activity, or in S. typhimurium. In P. melaninogenica, with catalase, O2 induced less 8OHdG; superoxide dismutase had no effect; with glucose and glucose oxidase, O2 induced more 8OHdG. H2O2 also markedly increased 8OHdG. O2 was suggested to induce 8OHdG through H2O2. O2 or H2O2 decreased survival only in P. melaninogenica. Highly sensitive to oxidative stress, P. melaninogenica could prove useful for investigating oxidative DNA damage.


Assuntos
Bacteroides fragilis/genética , Dano ao DNA , DNA Bacteriano , Estresse Oxidativo , Prevotella melaninogenica/genética , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Anaerobiose , Bacteroides fragilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides fragilis/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , DNA Bacteriano/efeitos dos fármacos , Guanosina/análogos & derivados , Guanosina/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Oxidantes/farmacologia , Oxigênio , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/metabolismo , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/metabolismo
15.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 39 Suppl B: 23-7, 1997 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9222066

RESUMO

A time-kill method was developed to examine the killing kinetics of trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, piperacillin and piperacillin/tazobactam against one strain each of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Peptostreptococcus magnus and Clostridium perfringens. Solutions and suspensions were prepared inside an anaerobic glove box, using syringes and prereduced broth. Bottles were then incubated outside the chamber and viability counts determined after incubation for 0, 6, 24 and 48 h in a shaking water bath, avoiding introduction of air. Bacteriostatic/bactericidal concentrations (mg/L) after 48 h for the six strains were: trovafloxacin, 0.03-1/0.03-1; ciprofloxacin, 0.25-16/0.25-32; sparfloxacin, 0.06-2/0.06-8; metronidazole 1-64/1-64; cefoxitin, 0.125-16/0.125-32; piperacillin, 0.125-64/0.125-64; piperacillin/tazobactam, 0.06-2/0.125-8. Bacteriostatic levels were within two dilutions of broth MICs. By this time-kill method, trovafloxacin had the lowest bacteriostatic concentrations of all compounds tested.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Cefoxitina/farmacologia , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Fluoroquinolonas , Bactérias Anaeróbias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Ácido Penicilânico/análogos & derivados , Piperacilina/farmacologia , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides fragilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Clostridium perfringens/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Ácido Penicilânico/farmacologia , Peptostreptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Tazobactam
16.
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 31(5): 303-6, 1996 Sep.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9592262

RESUMO

Fifty-two adult periodontitis patients were treated by the tablets of tinidazole (TNZ), and 23 patients treated by metronidazole (MNZ) served as control group. The effective rate of TNZ in adult periodontitis patients was 73.1%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (43.5%). Antimicrobial studies showed that the capability of TNZ to kill the periodontal dominant anaerobic bacteria, especially B. gingivalis and B. melaninogenicus, was better than that of MNZ. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TNZ to Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, Eubacterium, Antinomyces, Peotostreptococus and Anaerobic Streptococus was lower than that of MNZ and actylspiramycine.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Prevotella melaninogenica , Tinidazol/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Tinidazol/farmacologia
17.
J Photochem Photobiol B ; 34(2-3): 123-8, 1996 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8810530

RESUMO

Species of Prevotella (Pr.) and Porphyromonas (Po.) and other microorganisms were cultivated as biofilms on agar medium and examined for their susceptibility to argon laser irradiation (continuous mode; wavelengths, 488-514 nm; fluences, 20-200 J cm(-2)). Fluences of 35 to 80 J cm(-2) inhibited biofilm growth in Po. endodontalis, Po. gingivalis, Pr. denticola, Pr. intermedia, Pr. melaninogenica and Pr. nigrescens. A fluence of 70 J cm(-2) did not affect biofilm growth in species of Bacillus, Candida, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. The phototoxic effects of argon laser irradiation against Prevotella and Porphyromonas species were: (1) caused by the radiation alone; (2) modified by biofilm age; (3) dependent on the presence of atmospheric oxygen; (4) influenced by medium supplements of hemin, hemoglobin and blood; (5) greater when compared with other microbial species; (6) demonstrated without augmentation with an exogenous photosensitizer; and (7) apparently unrelated to the protoporphyrin content of the cells. Overall, these in vitro findings suggest that low doses of argon laser radiation may be effective in the treatment and/or prevention of clinical infections caused by biofilm-associated species of Prevotella or Porphyromonas.


Assuntos
Biofilmes/efeitos da radiação , Lasers , Porphyromonas/efeitos da radiação , Prevotella/efeitos da radiação , Argônio , Hemina/farmacologia , Ferro/farmacologia , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Porphyromonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos da radiação , Prevotella/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Protoporfirinas/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo
18.
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 31(3): 159-62, 1996 May.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9387558

RESUMO

This article reports the pharmacological functions of local Huangjiabang delivery device which mainly includes medicinal herbs. The experimental study showed that Huangjiabang could inhibit the predominant cultivable organisms in periodontal disease significantly, and could also inhibit inflammatory swelling caused by xylene. Jiaochacaijiao, egg serum and filter-paper-granuloma significantly. The preliminary clinical observation showed that GI, PLI, SBI and PD were reduced remarkably in Huangjiabang administered pockets after two days and seven days of treatment. It is suggested that this new direct drug delivery system with medicinal herbs has wide prospect in the treatment of periodontal disease.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Tópica , Adulto , Animais , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos
19.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 21(4): 242-3 inside backcover, 1996 Apr.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9208561

RESUMO

The antimicrobial effect of Flos Lonicerae on oral pathogens was studied. The results showed that 73.9% of the tested pathogens were inhibited at a concentration below 6.25mg/ml. Streptococci mutants, actinomyces viscosus and bacteroides melaninogenicus were comparatively more sensitive to Flos Lonicerae.


Assuntos
Actinomyces viscosus/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Prevotella melaninogenica/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
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