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1.
Free Radic Biol Med ; 144: 176-182, 2019 11 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30922958

RESUMO

Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) is a heme-enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). PGHS have both oxygenase (COX) and peroxidase (POX) activities and is present in two isoforms (PGHS-1 and -2) expressed in different tissues and cell conditions. It has been reported that PGHS activity is inhibited by the nitrated form of AA, nitro-arachidonic acid (NO2AA), which in turn could be synthesized by PGHS under nitro-oxidative conditions. Specifically, NO2AA inhibits COX in PGHS-1 as well as POX in both PGHS-1 and -2, in a dose and time-dependent manner. NO2AA inhibition involves lowering the binding stability and displacing the heme group from the active site. However, the complete mechanism remains to be understood. This review describes the interactions of PGHS with NO2AA, focusing on mechanisms of inhibition and nitration. In addition, using a novel approach combining EPR-spin trapping and mass spectrometry, we described possible intermediates formed during PGHS-2 catalysis and inhibition. This literature revision as well as the results presented here strongly suggest a free radical-dependent inhibitory mechanism of PGHS-2 by NO2AA. This is of relevance towards understanding the underlying mechanism of inhibition of PGHS by NO2AA and its anti-inflammatory potential.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Ácido Araquidônico/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Nitrocompostos/química , Prostaglandina H2/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Ácido Araquidônico/farmacologia , Biocatálise , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Heme/química , Heme/metabolismo , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas , Nitrocompostos/metabolismo , Nitrocompostos/farmacologia , Prostaglandina H2/antagonistas & inibidores , Prostaglandina H2/biossíntese , Ligação Proteica
2.
Assay Drug Dev Technol ; 9(5): 487-95, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21561373

RESUMO

Microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase-1 (MPGES1) catalyzes the formation of prostaglandin E(2) from the endoperoxide prostaglandin H(2). MPGES1 expression is induced in inflammatory diseases, and this enzyme is regarded as a potential drug target. To aid in the drug discovery effort, a simple method for determination of inhibition mechanism and potency toward both prostaglandin H(2) and glutathione (GSH) has been developed. Using an assay with thiobarbituric acid-based detection, the inhibitory effects of six MPGES1 inhibitors were evaluated. The IC(50) values obtained at three substrate (S) concentrations ([S]K(M)) were used to estimate inhibition modality and inhibition constant values. This facilitated strategy is a useful and general screening method to evaluate the inhibitory effects of new drug compounds.


Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Interações Medicamentosas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/antagonistas & inibidores , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Fluorescência , Glutationa/análise , Humanos , Indóis/análise , Indóis/farmacocinética , Indóis/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/análise , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/fisiologia , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Modelos Teóricos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Farmacocinética , Prostaglandina H2/antagonistas & inibidores , Prostaglandina H2/metabolismo , Prostaglandina-E Sintases , Tiobarbitúricos/metabolismo
3.
Curr Med Chem ; 11(10): 1223-41, 2004 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15134516

RESUMO

The pathogenesis of numerous cardiovascular, pulmonary, inflammatory, and thromboembolic diseases can be related to arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. One of these bioactive metabolites of particular importance is thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)). It is produced by the action of thromboxane synthase on the prostaglandin endoperoxide H(2)(PGH(2)), which results from the enzymatic degradation of AA by the cyclooxygenases. TXA(2) is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction. It is involved in a series of major pathophysiological states such as asthma, myocardial ischemia, pulmonary hypertension, and thromboembolic disorders. Therefore, TXA(2) receptor antagonists, thromboxane synthase inhibitors and drugs combining both properties have been developed by several pharmaceutical companies since the early 1980s. Several compounds have been launched on the market and others are under clinical evaluation. Moreover, the recent literature reported the interest of thromboxane modulators, which combine another pharmacological activity such as, platelet activating factor antagonism, angiotensin II antagonism, or 5-lipoxygenase inhibition. In this review, we will propose a description of the recently described thromboxane modulators of major interest from both a pharmacological and a chemical point of view.


Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Epoprostenol/farmacologia , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/química , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologia , Tromboxanos/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Prostaglandina H2/antagonistas & inibidores , Prostaglandina H2/metabolismo , Receptores de Tromboxano A2 e Prostaglandina H2/antagonistas & inibidores , Tromboxano A2/antagonistas & inibidores , Tromboxano A2/metabolismo , Tromboxano-A Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Tromboxanos/metabolismo
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