RESUMO
Pioneer of membrane protein research.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana , Proteínas de Membrana/históriaRESUMO
Igaki explores how cell-cell communication directs tissue and tumor development.
Assuntos
Caspase 1 , Proteínas de Drosophila , Proteínas de Membrana , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Animais , Caspase 1/genética , Caspase 1/história , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/história , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/história , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/genética , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/história , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologia , Retratos como AssuntoRESUMO
My scientific career has taken me from chemistry, via theoretical physics and bioinformatics, to molecular biology and even structural biology. Along the way, serendipity led me to work on problems such as the identification of signal peptides that direct protein trafficking, membrane protein biogenesis, and cotranslational protein folding. I've had some great collaborations that came about because of a stray conversation or from following up on an interesting paper. And I've had the good fortune to be asked to sit on the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, where I am constantly reminded of the amazing pace and often intricate history of scientific discovery. Could I have planned this? No way! I just went with the flow .
Assuntos
Engenharia Química/história , Biologia Computacional/história , Proteínas de Membrana/história , Modelos Moleculares , Biologia Molecular/história , Física/história , Animais , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Bicamadas Lipídicas/química , Bicamadas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Dobramento de Proteína , Sinais Direcionadores de Proteínas , Transdução de Sinais , SuéciaRESUMO
Hereditary hemochromatosis is caused by a potentially lethal recessive gene (HFE, C282Y allele) that increases iron absorption and reaches polymorphic levels in northern European populations. Because persons carrying the allele absorb iron more readily than do noncarriers, it has often been suggested that HFE is an adaptation to anemia. We hypothesize positive selection for HFE began during or after the European Neolithic with the adoption of an iron-deficient high-grain and dairying diet and consequent anemia, a finding confirmed in Neolithic and later European skeletons. HFE frequency compared with rate of lactase persistence in Eurasia yields a positive linear correlation coefficient of 0.86. We suggest this is just one of many mutations that became common after the adoption of agriculture.
Assuntos
Adaptação Biológica/genética , Hemocromatose/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , População Branca/genética , Anemia/genética , Dieta/história , Frequência do Gene , Hemocromatose/história , Proteína da Hemocromatose , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/história , História Antiga , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/história , População Branca/históriaRESUMO
Within two decades of the discovery of anesthesia, the physicochemical concept of colloid and the biological concept of protoplasm had emerged. Fusion of these concepts into a theoretical framework, which has been largely forgotten decades ago, promised to uncover fundamental biological truths and determined research into anesthetic mechanisms for a century after "Ether Day." Observations of optical changes in unstained tissue were condensed into a theory of anesthesia by coagulation of protoplasm in the 1870s. The underlying hypotheses, conformational changes of proteins within the protoplasm cause all behavioral effects of anesthesia, continued to be pursued well into the 20th century. The goal was to explain anesthesia using physical chemistry within a fundamental cell biological framework. This large body of work, swept aside during the decades of lipid membrane hegemony, has remained in obscurity even after proteins in excitable membranes became firmly established as mediators of the immediate anesthetic effects. This article is a reminder of the prolonged interdisciplinary research effort dedicated to "protoplasmic theories" at a time when attention is increasingly directed toward examining the nature of (un)consciousness well as noncanonical consequences of anesthetic exposure that are not easily accounted for within conventional pharmacological concepts.
Assuntos
Anestesia/história , Anestésicos/história , Pesquisa Biomédica/história , Citoplasma , Proteínas de Membrana/história , Anestésicos/química , Anestésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Coloides , Citoplasma/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Floculação , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Desnaturação ProteicaRESUMO
Recognition of the importance of cell adhesion grew steadily during the twentieth century as it promised answers to fundamental questions in diverse fields that included cell biology, developmental biology, tumorigenesis, immunology and neurobiology. However, the route towards a better understanding of its molecular basis was long and difficult, with many false starts. Major progress was made in the late 1970s to late 1980s with the identification of the major families of adhesion molecules, including integrins and cadherins. This in turn set the stage for the explosive growth in adhesion research over the past 25 years.
Assuntos
Moléculas de Adesão Celular/história , Animais , Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/história , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/fisiologia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/história , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , CamundongosRESUMO
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common inherited disorder of iron metabolism affecting about 1 in 250 individuals. HH results in an increased absorption of iron at the baso-lateral surface of the enterocyte with aberrant regulation of ferroportin-mediated transfer of iron in turn brought on by a decrease in circulating hepcidin. The medical literature describes a colorful history of HH with important contributions from faculty at Saint Louis University.
Assuntos
Hemocromatose/história , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/história , Proteínas de Membrana/história , Hemocromatose/genética , Hemocromatose/patologia , Proteína da Hemocromatose , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , História do Século XX , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , MissouriRESUMO
We dedicate the 2008 Berlin conference and this collection of scientific manuscripts to the memory of our colleague Shoichiro Tsukita. His seminal scientific contributions and impact on the field of tight junctions is substantial. Shoichiro was a professor at Kyoto University and one the world's most influential biologists when he passed away on December 11, 2005 at the age of 52 from complications of pancreatic cancer. He was a pioneer in several areas of cell biology; most particularly he will be remembered as the founding father of the molecular study of tight junctions.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana/história , Junções Íntimas/fisiologia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Japão , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Junções Íntimas/químicaRESUMO
On December 11, 2005, Shoichiro Tsukita died at the young age of 52, after 14 months of treatment for cancer. Early in his career, Tsukita succeeded in isolating and purifying the adherens junction with his wife Sachiko, an accomplishment that he followed up with an impressive series of discoveries of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal molecules, including what may have been his greatest contribution to the field, the identification of occludin and the claudin family of molecules, which were watershed discoveries in the study of the molecular nature of tight junctions.
Assuntos
Junções Íntimas/química , Junções Íntimas/fisiologia , Junções Aderentes/química , Junções Aderentes/fisiologia , Proteínas de Ligação a Calmodulina/história , Proteínas de Ligação a Calmodulina/fisiologia , Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/história , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/fisiologia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Japão , Proteínas de Membrana/história , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Ocludina , Fosfoproteínas/história , Fosfoproteínas/fisiologia , Junções Íntimas/ultraestrutura , Proteína da Zônula de Oclusão-1 , alfa Catenina/história , alfa Catenina/fisiologiaAssuntos
Cistos do Sistema Nervoso Central/genética , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Mutagênese Insercional , Cistos do Sistema Nervoso Central/etnologia , Cistos do Sistema Nervoso Central/história , Etnicidade/genética , Efeito Fundador , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/etnologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Índia , Proteínas de Membrana/históriaRESUMO
Pharmacologists have studied receptors for more than a century but a molecular understanding of their properties has emerged only during the past 30-35 years. In this article, I provide a personal retrospective of how developments and discoveries primarily during the 1970s and 1980s led to current concepts about the largest group of receptors, the superfamily of seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors [also known as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)]. Significant technical advances such as the development of methods for radioligand binding, solubilization and purification of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor and other adrenoceptors led to the cloning of receptor genes and the discovery of their 7TM architecture and homology with rhodopsin. A universal mechanism of receptor regulation by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and arrestins, originally discovered as a means of "desensitizing" G-protein-mediated second-messenger generation, was subsequently found to mediate both receptor endocytosis and activation of a growing list of signaling pathways such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinases. Numerous opportunities for novel therapeutics should emerge from current and future research on 7TM receptor biology.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana/história , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/história , Animais , História do Século XX , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/fisiologiaAssuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Fisiologia/história , Animais , Fator de Indução de Apoptose , Citocromos c/fisiologia , Flavoproteínas/história , Flavoproteínas/fisiologia , França , Produtos do Gene vpr/fisiologia , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/história , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/fisiopatologia , Produtos do Gene vpr do Vírus da Imunodeficiência HumanaAssuntos
Hemocromatose/história , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/história , Proteínas de Membrana/história , Gastroenterologia/história , Genética/história , Hemocromatose/genética , Proteína da Hemocromatose , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , História do Século XX , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , MutaçãoRESUMO
Our present picture of cell membranes as lipid bilayers is the legacy of a century's study that concentrated on the lipids and proteins of cell-surface membranes. Recent work is changing the picture and is turning the snapshot into a video.