Endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts.

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the traditional treatment for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts, but the morbidity is still too high. Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have been encouraged. AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. METHODS: From January, 2003 to August, 2006, 31 consecutive symptomatic patients submitted to 37 procedures at the same endoscopic unit were retrospectively analysed. Chronic and acute pancreatitis were found in, respectively, 17 (54.8%) and 10 (32.3%) cases. Bulging was present in 14 (37.8%) cases. Cystogastrostomy or cystoduodenostomy were created with an interventional linear echoendoscope under endosonographic and fluoroscopic control. By protocol, only a single plastic stent, without nasocystic drain, was used. Straight or double pigtail stents were used in, respectively, 22 (59.5%) and 15 (40.5%) procedures. RESULTS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage was successful in 29 (93.5%) patients. Two cases needed surgery, both due to procedure-related complications. There was no mortality related to the procedure. Twenty-four patients were followed-up longer than 4 weeks. During a mean follow-up of 12.6 months, there were six (25%) symptomatic recurrences due to stent clogging or migration, with two secondary infections. Median time for developing complications and recurrence of the collections was 3 weeks. These cases were successfully managed with new stents. Complications were more frequent in patients treated with straight stents and in those with a recent episode of acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic transmural drainage provides an effective approach to the management of pancreatic pseudocysts.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the traditional treatment for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts, but the morbidity is still too high. Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have been encouraged. AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. METHODS: From January, 2003 to August, 2006, 31 consecutive symptomatic patients submitted to 37 procedures at the same endoscopic unit were retrospectively analysed. Chronic and acute pancreatitis were found in, respectively, 17 (54.8 percent) and 10 (32.3 percent) cases. Bulging was present in 14 (37.8 percent) cases. Cystogastrostomy or cystoduodenostomy were created with an interventional linear echoendoscope under endosonographic and fluoroscopic control. By protocol, only a single plastic stent, without nasocystic drain, was used. Straight or double pigtail stents were used in, respectively, 22 (59.5 percent) and 15 (40.5 percent) procedures. RESULTS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage was successful in 29 (93.5 percent) patients. Two cases needed surgery, both due to procedure-related complications. There was no mortality related to the procedure. Twenty-four patients were followed-up longer than 4 weeks. During a mean follow-up of 12.6 months, there were six (25 percent) symptomatic recurrences due to stent clogging or migration, with two secondary infections. Median time for developing complications and recurrence of the collections was 3 weeks. These cases were successfully managed with new stents. Complications were more frequent in patients treated with straight stents and in those with a recent episode of acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic transmural drainage provides an effective approach to the management of pancreatic pseudocysts.

RACIONAL: A abordagem cirúrgica é o tratamento tradicional para os pseudocistos sintomáticos de pâncreas, contudo a morbidade permanece elevada. Terapêuticas endoscópicas minimamente invasivas têm sido encorajadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da drenagem endoscópica transmural de pseudocistos de pâncreas guiada por ecoendoscopia. MÉTODOS: De janeiro de 2003 a agosto de 2006, 31 pacientes sintomáticos submetidos a 37 procedimentos no mesmo centro de referência foram analisados retrospectivamente. Pancreatite crônica e aguda foram detectadas em, respectivamente, 17 (54,8 por cento) e 10 (32,3 por cento) pacientes. Abaulamento da parede esteve presente em 14 (37,8 por cento) casos. Cistogastrostomias ou cistoduodenostomias foram criadas com um ecoendoscópio linear sob controle endosonográfico e fluoroscópico. Como rotina, apenas uma única prótese plástica foi empregada, sem dreno nasocístico. Próteses retas ou " double pigtail" foram empregadas em, respectivamente, 22 (59,5 por cento) e 15 (40,5 por cento) procedimentos. RESULTADOS: A drenagem endoscópica foi adequada em 29 (93,5 por cento) pacientes. Dois casos necessitaram intervenção cirúrgica por complicações do procedimento. Não houve mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento. Vinte e quatro pacientes contaram com seguimento superior a 4 semanas. Durante seguimento médio de 12,6 meses, ocorreram seis (25 por cento) recurrências sintomáticas por obstrução ou migração da prótese, com infecção secundária em dois casos, todos manejados com novas próteses. O tempo mediano para ocorrência de complicações foi de 3 semanas. Complicações tardias foram mais freqüentes em pacientes tratados com próteses retas e naqueles com história recente de pancreatite aguda. CONCLUSÔES: A drenagem endoscópica transmural constitui abordagem efetiva para o manejo dos pseudocistos de pâncreas.

[The treatment of purulent-destructive complications of acute surgical diseases and damages of the peritoneal cavity organs].

There were presented the data concerning the results of application of the puncture miniinvasive methods of treatment under ultrasonographic investigation control in 43 patients, suffering purulent-destructive complications of acute diseases and damages of the peritoneal cavity organs. Methods of the puncture sanation and drainage were applied. There was established high efficacy of the methods as the compound of detoxicational therapy and ultimate treatment of false pancreatic cyst and the abdominal cavity abscess.

[Pancreatic pseudocysts (ultrasonic location data and their morphology at different periods of occurrence)]. / Pankreaticheskie psevdokisty (dannye ul'trazvukovoi lokatsii i morfologiia v razlichnye periody sushchestvovaniia).

The work makes parallels between findings of ultrasonic location and the morphology of pancreatic pseudocysts in different periods of their existence. According to results of a histological investigation the pseudocysts can be divided into those being formed (less than 3 months of their existence), formed (more than 3 months of their existence) and isolated ones (after 1-1.5 years). Each period has its peculiar picture of the ultrasonic investigation. The wall of the forming pseudocysts is not dense enough for performing the internal drainage, external drainage having the worst immediate and long-term results. So, the pseudocysts must be operated upon during the 13th-16th weeks of their existence. The isolated pseudocysts are removable, but waiting for this period is not possible because of the probability of extremely dangerous complications.