From Talent to High Performance: The view of coaches, players and club coordinators on the relevant factors in the development of a Basketball player / Del Talento al Alto Rendimiento deportivo: El punto de vista de los jugadores, entrenadores y coordinadores del club en los factores relevantes en el desarrollo de un jugador de baloncesto / Do Talento ao Alto Rendimento: A visão de treinadores, jogadores e coordenadores sobre os fatores relevantes no desenvolvimento de um jogador de basquetebol

The main goal of this study was to identify a set of factors considered relevant by basketball experts in a young player's route to high performance. The impossibility of choosing one as the most preponderant factor comes from the complex interaction between the different areas that influence the long development path of athletes to sport expertise. Our sample consisted of 14 coaches (7 of men's level and 7 of youth level), 7 players and 7 club coordinators who were asked to give their view on the subject by means of an interview. One of the main conclusions was the decisive influence of environmental factors, especially the family and coaches' influence, both as promoters of the beginning of the activity and as the maintenance in it. Psychological factors - athlete's work ethic and surpassing capacity - were also referred as having a great role on this issue. Technical, tactical and physical factors (in this order of importance) come as an asset to the young athlete. Finally, we conclude that the training process should be defying and constantly adjusted to the athlete's needs, creating stimulus that allow the young player to develop strategies to read and understand of the game, as well as decision making processes. Te context where the athlete is inserted, as well as the psychological aspects and knowledge of the game must be considered the most relevant factors (AU)

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar un conjunto de factores considerados relevantes por los expertos de baloncesto en la ruta de un joven jugador de alto rendimiento. La imposibilidad de elegir uno como el factor más preponderante proviene de la compleja interacción entre las diferentes áreas que influyen en el camino de desarrollo a largo de los atletas a la experiencia deportiva. Nuestra muestra fue constituida por 14 entrenadores (7 del nivel de los hombres y el 7 de categoría juvenil), 7 jugadores y 7 coordinadores del club que proporcionaran su opinión sobre el tema por medio de una entrevista. Una de las principales conclusiones fue la decisiva influencia de los factores ambientales, especialmente la influencia de la familia y entrenadores, ambos como promotores de la inicio de la actividad y como el mantenimiento en el mismo. Los factores psicológicos - ética de trabajo del atleta y la capacidad de superación - también fueron referidos como teniendo un gran papel en este tema. Los factores técnicos, tácticos y físicos (en este orden de importancia) son considerados un activo para el joven atleta. Por último, llegamos a la conclusión de que el proceso de formación debe ser constantemente desafiante y ajustarse a las necesidades del atleta, debe proporcionar la creación de estímulos que permitan al joven jugador desarrollar estrategias para leer y entender del juego, así como los procesos de toma de decisiones. El contexto en el que se inserta el atleta, así como los aspectos psicológicos y conocimiento del juego se deben considerar los factores más relevantes (AU)

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi identificar um conjunto de fatores considerados relevantes por especialistas de basquetebol no percurso de um jovem jogador para o alto rendimento. A impossibilidade de escolher um único fator como o mais preponderante advém da complexa interação entre as diversas áreas que influenciam o caminho de desenvolvimento de longo dos atletas à experiência esportiva. A nossa amostra foi constituída por 14 treinadores (7 de nível dos homens e 7 do nível da juventude), 7 jogadores e 7 coordenadores do clube que foram convidados a dar a sua opinião sobre o tema por meio de uma entrevista. Uma das principais conclusões foi a influência decisiva de fatores ambientais, especialmente a influência da família e treinadores, ambos como promotores do início da atividade e quanto à manutenção na modalidade. Os fatores psicológicos - ética de trabalho do atleta e capacidade de superação - também foram referidos como tendo um grande papel nesta questão. Fatores técnicos, táticos e físicos (por esta ordem de importância) são considerados mais-valias para o jovem atleta. Finalmente, podemos concluir que o processo de formação deve ser desafiante e constantemente ajustado às necessidades do atleta, criando estímulos que permitam ao jovem jogador desenvolver estratégias de leitura e compreensão do jogo, bem como os processos de tomada de decisão. O contexto em que o atleta está inserido, bem como os aspetos psicológicos e conhecimento do jogo devem ser considerados os fatores mais relevantes (AU)

Philosophical reflections on the mission of the European College of Sport Science: Challenges and opportunities.

The European College of Sport Science (ECSS) was established in part to promote the integrated study of sports and related phenomena from multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives. There are significant and enduring philosophical, epistemological and professional challenges and opportunities that arise from this integrationist perspective. In this article, we reflect upon the challenges that have arisen in the development of sport sciences in the attempt to realize the ECSS mission. We identify three paradigmatic approaches to sports science: (1) the mechanistic; (2) the hermeneutic and (3) the critical. We critically evaluate these paradigms and their potential within the broad framework of integrationist ambitions for sports science as a scientific field.

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Certified Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of the Benefits of Sport Psychology Services.

CONTEXT: Certified athletic trainers (ATs) are responsible for integrating relevant professionals into the rehabilitation team to assist with the holistic care of injured athletes. OBJECTIVE: To explore National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I (DI) ATs' experience with sport psychology consultants (SPCs), willingness to encourage athletes to use SPCs for injury rehabilitation, and perceptions of the benefits of sport psychology services. DESIGN: Quantitative study. SETTING: A Web-based survey was administered to a national sample of DI ATs. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 659 (341 men, 318 women) ATs completed the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Athletic trainers' experience with SPCs, willingness to encourage athletes to seek sport psychology services, and perceptions of the benefits of those services in injury-rehabilitation settings were self-reported using a rating scale that ranged from 1 (never or not at all) to 5 (definitely or extremely). RESULTS: Logistic regression revealed that the availability of SPCs, previous encouragement to athletes to seek sport psychology services, and previous positive interactions with SPCs predicted the ATs' willingness to encourage athletes to use these services (P < .0001). The services ATs rated the highest for injury rehabilitation were managing anxiety and emotion, improving coping techniques, and building confidence (ie, confidence in returning to sport and building confidence). Chi-square analyses indicated that female ATs' ratings of perceived benefits were higher (P ≤ .001) than those of male ATs, and the ratings of ATs who were likely to encourage the use of SPCs were higher (P ≤ .001) than those who were unlikely to encourage SPC service use. CONCLUSIONS: Athletic trainers in our study who had previous positive SPC experiences were most likely to use SPCs and their services during the injury-rehabilitation process. Possible implications are offered for how ATs interested in sport psychology services might call on SPCs to complement their work with injured athletes.

Área de Psicología de la Real Federación Española de Atletismo: programación y desempeño professional / Área do Psicologia da Real Federação Espanhola de Atletismo: programação e desempenho profissional / Psychology Area of the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation: programming and professional performance

Desde una amplia trayectoria profesional del psicólogo del deporte dentro del organigrama de los servicios médicos de la Real Federación Española de Atletismo, se presenta la programación y desempeño profesional del Área de Psicología. Los objetivos principales son que los atletas profesionales obtengan su máximo rendimiento deportivo, el logro de objetivos, que las jóvenes promesas lleguen a la élite del atletismo y colaborar con los servicios médicos en materia de lesiones y salud de los deportistas. Las acciones se centran principalmente en la intervención individual con el atleta, la participación en las concentraciones de jóvenes talentos, la asistencia en las competiciones nacionales e internacionales e integración en las sesiones clínicas de los servicios médicos. Se discuten estas cuestiones y se proponen perspectivas futuras de mejora (AU)

Partindo de uma vasta carreira professional do psicólogo do desporto na área médica da Real Federação Espanhola de Atletismo, o programa e o curriculum profissional da área psicológica foram introduzidos. Os objectivos primordiais são que os atletas profissionais atinjam nível máximo de performance desportiva, que se alcancem os objectivos formulados, que os atletas jovens alcancem o nível máximo de performance e colaborar com os serviços médicos em casos de lesão e em problemas de saúde dos atletas. Estes aspectos e pontos de vista futuros são discutidos (AU)

From a wide professional career of the sport psychologist into the medical services of the real Athletic Spanish federation, a program and a professional curriculm of the psychological area is introduced. The main objectives are that the professional athletes obtain a maximum sport performance level, the objective achievement, young athletes reach the highest performance level and to collaborate with the medical services in the injury and athlete health problems. This aspects are discussed and future viewpoints are discussed (AU)

Research and analysis in sport economics and management / Investigación y análisis de la gestión y economía del deporte

This is an introductory article to the present supplement where it is presented a total of 23 research papers, which has been discussed within the VII Iberoamerican Congress of Economics and Management of Sport, where it will be see the standards of quality and scientific rigor usual in these disciplines, which will contribute to a greater and better understanding of the economic dimension of sport in its different perspectives. In this way, it is important to emphasize the integrative nature of the selected works, which reinforce the interdisciplinary and integrating perspective research on issues relating to sport and physical activity. The research areas are as follows, sports psychology, sports economics, sports management and sports marketing institutions among others

Se trata de un artículo de introducción al presente suplemento, en él se presenta un total de 23 trabajos de investigación, los cuales se han tratado en el VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Economía y Gestión del Deporte, en ellos se pueden observar los estándares de calidad y rigor científico habituales en estas disciplinas, con ello esperamos contribuir a una mayor y mejor comprensión de las diferentes perspectivas de la dimensión económica del deporte. De esta manera, es importante hacer hincapié en la naturaleza integradora de las obras seleccionadas, las cuales refuerzan la perspectiva de la investigación en temas relacionados con el deporte y la actividad física. Las áreas de investigación son las siguientes, psicología del deporte, economía del deporte, gestión del deporte y marketing del deporte entre otros

Escala de Actitudes hacia la Diversidad Sexual en el Deporte (EDSD): desarrollo y validación preliminar / Attitude scale towards sexual diversity in sport: development and preliminary validation / Escala de atitudes face à diversidade sexual no desporto (edsd): desenvolvimento e validação prelimina

Tradicionalmente el deporte ha sido un espacio de dominio heteronormativo, donde mujeres y hombres con diversas orientaciones sexuales han sido rechazados por transgredir y cuestionar la ‘normalidad patriarcal heterosexista’. En los últimos años, la sociedad española parece haber cambiado, creándose un clima más tolerante y respetuoso con la diversidad, sin embargo no existen estudios actuales que analicen esta situación en el deporte en nuestro país. En este trabajo se presenta la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Diversidad Sexual en el Deporte. La versión inicial del cuestionario de 32 ítems fue administrada a 414 practicantes de deporte de ambos sexos, cuya edad oscilaba entre los 13 y los 44 años (M = 21.72; DE = 4.48). La validez de contenido de la batería inicial de ítems fue analizada mediante juicio de cuatro expertos. Posteriormente se realizaron dos Análisis Factoriales Exploratorios sucesivos para valorar la validez interna determinándose una escala con 18 ítems y una adecuada consistencia interna (α = .904). Los resultados también muestran la existencia de cuatro factores que articulan estas actitudes: Actitudes Cognitivas hacia la diversidad, Actitudes hacia Estereotipos de género, Actitudes hacia la Transgresión y, Actitudes Afectivas hacia la diversidad. También se realizó análisis de ítems y de consistencia interna de los cuatro factores. Así pues, los resultados del estudio permiten concluir que la escala manifiesta en general una buena adecuación a través de su validez y fiabilidad

Traditionally, sport has been a heteronormative domain space in which women and men with different sexual orientations have been rejected as transgressing and questioning the 'heteronormative patriarchy'. In recent years, Spanish society seems to have changed and a more tolerant and respectful climate of diversity has been created. However, there are no current studies analysing this situation in sport in Spain. In this work, an Attitude Scale towards Sexual Diversity in Sport is presented. The initial version of the 32 item questionnaire was completed by 414 athletes of both genders, whose ages ranged from 13 to 44 years old (M = 21.72, SD = 4.48). The validity of the content of the initial battery of items was analysed by four experts. Afterwards, two successive Exploratory Factor Analyses were carried out to assess internal validity determining a scale of 18 items and adequate internal consistency reliability (α = .904). The results also show that there are four factors that bring these attitudes together: Cognitive Attitudes towards diversity, Attitudes towards Gender Stereotypes, Attitudes towards Transgression and Affective Attitudes towards diversity. Item analysis and analysis of the internal consistency of the four factors were also carried out. Therefore, the study results support the conclusion that the scale, in general, shows good adaptation due to its validity and reliability

Tradicionalmente O desporto tem sido um espaço de domínio heteronormativo, onde mulheres e homens com diversas orientações sexuaistêm sido rejeitados por transgredir e questionar a ‘normalidade patriarcal heterosexista’. Nos últimos anos, a sociedade espanhola parece ter mudando,criando-se um clima mais tolerante e respeitoso com a diversidade, contudo não existem estudos actuais que analisem esta situação no desporto no nossopaís. Neste trabalho é apresentada a Escala de Atitudes face à Diversidade Sexual no Desporto. A versão inicial do questionário de 32 itens foi aplicadaa 414 praticantes de desporto de ambos os sexos, cuja idade variava entre os 13 e os 44 anos (M= 21.72; DE= 4.48). A validade de conteúdo da bateriainicial de itens foi analisada mediante a avaliação de quatro especialistas. Posteriormente foram realizadas Análises Factoriais Exploratórias sucessivaspara avaliar a validade interna determinando-se uma escala com 18 itens e uma adequada consistência interna (α= .904). Os resultados também revelama existência de quatro factores que articulam estas atitudes: Atitudes Cognitivas face à diversidade, Atitudes face aos Estereótipos de género, Atitudesface à Transgressão e, Atitudes afectivas face à diversidade. Também se realizou uma análise de itens e de consistência interna dos quatro factores.Assim, os resultados do estudo permitem concluir que a escala manifesta no geral uma boa adequação através da sua validade e fiabilidade

Divide and rule: A qualitative analysis of the debriefing process in elite team sports.

This article aimed to gain an understanding of the process of debriefing during major competitions in elite team sports. Debrief interviews were conducted with 9 head coaches. The interview data were used to identify how head coaches divided up the tasks given to staff and team members prior to, and during the post-match debriefing. Results showed that debriefing consisted of two steps: preparation and presentation. Preparation referred to four successive tasks. Presentation to the team of players consisted of eight tasks relating to transformational and transactional styles of leadership. Coaches were shown to divide the labor within the staff and team. The data tend to support the view that in elite team sports, coaches are both transformational and transactional leaders, adapting their style of leadership to the situation, athletes and time available. This study provides insights into the task-work and team-work underlying team functioning and division of labor.