RESUMO
Exosomes, the nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles, enriched in selected proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, which they participated in a variety of biological processes in the body, including physiology and pathology. CircRNAs (circular RNAs) are a class of single-stranded closed molecules with tissue development specific expression patterns that have crucial regulatory functions in various diseases. Non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) in exosomes have also been shown to play an important regulatory role in humans. However, little research has focused on exosomal circRNAs. Recently, CircRNAs have been identified to be enriched and stably expressed in exosomes. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and biological functions of exosomes and circRNA, and further revealed the potential role of exosome-derived circRNA in different diseases. Besides, we propose its use as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic punctuation for diseases, especially in cancer.
Assuntos
Doença/genética , Exossomos , Neoplasias/genética , RNA Circular/fisiologia , HumanosRESUMO
As one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases, gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since GC has no clinical manifestations in the early stage of the disease, most patients are detected in the later phases of disease and have an unfortunately lower chance of recovery. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel category of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are mainly engaged in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Numerous evidences have revealed that circRNAs play key roles in GC as they are involved in cell proliferation, growth, and apoptosis via modulating the expression of some target genes, miRNAs, and proteins. Many studies have addressed the impact of circRNA dysregulation on GC initiation, progression, and invasion via binding to miRNAs or RNA binding proteins. Moreover, changes in circRNA expression are associated with pathological and clinical features of GC highlighting their potentials as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GC. In the current study, the recent findings on the significance of circRNAs in the development and progression of GC are reviewed. We focus on the implications of circRNAs as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in this malignancy.
Assuntos
RNA Circular/fisiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Apoptose/genética , Autoantígenos/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/genética , Progressão da Doença , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Prognóstico , RNA Circular/biossíntese , RNA Circular/classificação , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/fisiologiaRESUMO
Aim: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are dysregulated in complex diseases, so we investigated their global expression profile in stroke. Material & methods: Public RNA-Seq data of human ischemic stroke lesion tissues and controls were used to perform the global expression analysis. Target RNA binding proteins and microRNAs were predicted in silico. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to infer the circRNAs' potential roles. Results: We found that circRNAs are potentially involved in synaptic components and transmission, inflammation and ataxia. An integrative analysis revealed that hsa_circ_0078299 and FXN may be major players in the molecular stroke-context. Conclusion: Our results suggest a broad involvement of circRNAs in some stroke-related processes, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets to allow neuroprotection and brain recovery.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica , AVC Isquêmico/genética , RNA Circular/fisiologia , Epigênese Genética , Humanos , AVC Isquêmico/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Circular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , RNA-SeqRESUMO
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been considered a special class of non-coding RNAs without 5' caps and 3' tails which are covalently closed RNA molecules generated by back splicing of mRNA. For a long time, circRNAs have been considered to be directly involved in various biological processes as functional RNA. In recent years, a variety of circRNAs have been found to have translational functions, and the resultant peptides also play biological roles in the emergence and progression of human disease. The discovery of these circRNAs and their encoded peptides has enriched genomics, helped us to study the causes of diseases, and promoted the development of biotechnology. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of the detection methods, translation initiation mechanism, as well as functional mechanism of peptides encoded by circRNAs, with the goal of providing the directions for the discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets for human disease.