Ameloblastoma sólido mandibular: tratamiento de elección / Solid ameloblastoma of the mandible. Treatment of choice

En los últimos años prácticamente no existe una sola publicación sobre ameloblastoma en la que no aparezca de forma inmediata la palabra controversia. Esto es debido al peculiar comportamiento de este tumor, que está considerado histológicamente como benigno, lo que ha motivado terapias conservadoras que han demostrado su ineficacia a la hora de curar el tumor. Los frecuentes fracasos han provocado en la actualidad una tendencia a realizar tratamientos más agresivos encaminados a la curación de la enfermedad sin que por el momento exista un claro consenso al respecto. Presentamos una serie de seis pacientes tratados de una ameloblastoma sólido mandibular en el Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón durante los años 1990 a 1997. En todos los casos el tratamiento consistió en resección segmentaria mandibular y reconstrucción primaria mediante una colgajo libre de cresta ilíaca. No se detectaron recidivas. El resultado funcional y estético fue satisfactorio en todos los pacientes (AU)

Heridas en cara / Facial wounds

Se analizan los lineamientos generales para el manejo de las heridas en cara, se comentan los criterios al respecto de la necesidad de los estudios radiológicos específicos (SCAN-RT) para el trauma facial. Se sugieren y estblecen las medidas para el tratamiento de esta patología

Physical therapy implications following the TRAM procedure.

The TRAM procedure has gained popularity over the last decade as an autogenous technique for breast reconstruction. Several outcome studies have demonstrated complications from this procedure, as described in this article. Women should be informed about the possible complications prior to surgery. Physical therapists can play an important role in rehabilitation and education for patients who are planning to undergo or who have undergone the TRAM procedure. It is important that physical therapists become well acquainted with the surgical procedure and treatment guidelines to effectively treat patients who have undergone the TRAM procedure, especially as this procedure increases in popularity. In addition, it is important that further research be conducted to substantiate the valuable clinical contribution that physical therapy has on successful recovery following the TRAM operation.

[Plastic reconstructive surgery of soft palate defects--functional and oncological aspects]. / Plastische Rekonstruktion von Defekten im Bereich des weichen Gaumens--Funktionelle und onkologische Aspekte.

BACKGROUND: Resection of the soft palate in tumor surgery can lead to significant swallowing disorders. Therefore rehabilitation needs a functional reconstruction of the remaining defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In four years, nine patients received a partial removal, and six patients a total removal of the soft palate including adjacent parts of the oropharynx in six cases due to oropharyngeal carcinoma. Partial defects were reconstructed with a neurovascularized infrahyoidal muscle flap, total defects with fasciocutaneous flaps of the lateral arm, radial forearm or scapula region. The function of the new palate was evaluated by interview, cinematography, and pressure measurements of the pharynx. RESULTS: These investigations demonstrated proper swallowing without aspiration or regurgitation in all cases. Values of 60% of normal pressure behind the palate have been achieved after palate reconstruction with a pressure slope directed into the hypopharynx. Decannulation was possible on average 34 days postoperatively, removal of the feeding tube on average 29 days postoperatively. Now 87% of our patients are free of tumor after a mean observation time of 24 months. In light of the fact that two-thirds of all patients suffered from advanced carcinoma, results can be considered as good. This study shows good functional and oncologic results after tissue reconstruction of the soft palate.

Biofeedback reeducation in gracilis muscle transposition after rectal trauma: a case presentation.

A 20-year-old male patient had a significant rectal trauma and underwent colostomy and subsequent creation of a neosphincter through gracilis muscle transposition. The patient was referred for biofeedback training to learn to use the transplanted gracilis muscle as a substitute for the external anal sphincter, Through a period of 10 weeks, the patient became able to identify this transplanted muscle and to increase the amplitude and duration of contraction as measured by surface electromyography. Further, resting tone of the neosphincter was increased. The patient gained continence with respect to liquid, gaseous, and solid stool within 26 weeks of the first biofeedback muscle training session.

Colgajo en isla de doble cara, elección primaria en hipospadias graves / Double faced island flap: primary election in serious hypospadias

Para demostrar la utilidad del colgajo en isla de doble cara como tratamiento primario en pacientes con hipospadias graves, se realizó un estudio prospectivo en el Servicio de Cirugía pediátrica y Urología del Hospital Centro Médico "La Raza". Se incluyeron 42 pacientes con hipospadias medias y posteriores sin operaciones previas. La técnica quirúrgica estuvo dirigida principalmente a realizar liberación de la cuerda, tubularización de la mucosa de la piel del prepucio y rotación ventral de la misma como un colgajo pediculado, además de la desepitelización de los bordes proximales y laterales de la piel que acompañan al colgajo, con el fin de evitar la fistulación y estabilizar la uretra. Se prescribió un programa de dilatación meatal temprano. Con un periodo de seguimiento mínimo de seis meses, 35 de los pacientes obtuvieron excelentes resultados. La fístula uretrocutánea fue la complicación más frecuente, y ocurrió en seis pacientes (14.2 por ciento), y megauretra en uno. Con base a las observaciones de los autores, cabe concluir que el congajo en isla de doble cara puede emplearse de manera planeada para la reparación primaria de hipospadias graves en un sólo tiempo quirúrgico

[Dental rehabilitation using osseointegrated implants: treatment of oro-maxillo-facial cancer. A preliminary study of 7 cases]. / La réhabilitation dentaire par fixtures ostéo-intégrables: traitement des cancers oro-maxillo-faciaux. Etude préliminaire de 7 cas.

Edentulism is often reported after treatment for malignancy of oral cavity. The resulting deformities from loss of teeth and bone create a "social invalid" with difficulties in articulation and mastication. Prosthetic rehabilitation was difficult because of two problems: the risk of osteoradionecrosis development and local anatomic modifications. The introduction of osseointegrated implants improved results of oromandibular reconstruction. A preliminary report of nineteen Branemark implants of seven patients is reported here. Implants have been in place and functioning for a period of one to four years. No major complication occurred and osseointegration permitted good oral rehabilitation. Placement of osseointegrated implants in osteomyocutaneous flaps and in irradiated bone is discussed.

Reconstruçäo de partes moles dos membros inferiores / Soft tissue reconstruction of the leg

Os autores analisaram 72 casos de pacientes atendidos no Hospital Regional de Säo José, no período compreendido entre março de 1989 e fevereiro de 1993. Estes pacientes apresentavam-se com perda de substância em membros inferiores, que näo puderam ser tratadas por sutura simples, isoladamente. As principais etiologias das lesöes foram trauma com fratura exposta em 41 caos (56,9 por cento) e, necrose por infecçäo ou vasculopatia periférica em 12 casos (16,6 por cento). Os procedimentos cirúrgicos mais empregados foram a rotaçäo de retalho fasciocutâneo da vizinhança com 30 casos (40 por cento) e, debridamento cirúrgico mais enxertia em 29 casos (38,7 por cento). Foram usados também retalhos fasciocutâneos de áreas distantes, retalhos musculares, associaçöes das técnicas previamente citadas, retalhos musculocutâneos e retalho livre microcirúrgico. Em apenas seis casos de retalhos fasciocutâneos (15,8 por cento) houve algum grau de necrose, sem contudo inviabilizar o retalho completamente. Este trabalho permite concluir que os retalhos, de maneira geral, säo muito úteis para reparar as perdas de substância dos membros inferiores, em especial os retalhos fasciocutâneos

Retalho miocutâneo ilhado da artéria facial para a reconstruçäo do lábio inferior / Miocutaneous flaps of facial arterious for reconstrution of inferiors libs

O retalho miocutâneo ilhado da artéria facial é descrito para a reconstruçäo do lábio inferior. Säo apresentados detalhes da anatomia da artéria e veia facial, bem como da técnica cirúrgica empregada

Ilhas musculocutâneas no tratamento de escaras de pressäo / Musculocutaneous island flaps for surgical treatment of pressure

Descreveu-se a anatomia e a técnica cirúrgica dos retalhos musculocutâneos ilhados para a correçäo cirúrgica das escaras de pressäo em pacientes parapilégicos. Relatou-se também experiências em relaçäo a cada lesäo e as melhores indicaçöes cirúrgicas

Colgajos adipofaciales como cobertura en miembro superior / Adipofacial flaps as covering in superior member

Las lesiones graves de extremidades superiores constituyen un serio desafío de reparación. A pesar de existir múltiples técnicas descritas es bueno incorporar nuevas posibilidades que pueden resolver problemas complejos. El tejido fasciosubcutáneo constituye una unidad anatómica independiente con irrigación rica y bien establecida que permite levantar con seguridad Colgajos Adipofasciales, de reciente aplicación en nuestro medio. Se presentan dos casos de déficit de cobertura en extremidades superiores utilizando Colgajos Adipofasciales con buen resultado. Caso 1: Desforramiento y quemadura profunda extensa de miembro superior derecho con fractura conminuta de codo expuesta. Caso 2: Quemadura eléctrica grave de mano derecha con exposición de tendón y superficie articular metacarpofálica. Los Colgajos Adipofasciales ofrecen múltiples ventajas que favorecen su uso como: Fácil y rápida disección, flexible, deja mínima secuela en zona dadora y permite una rehabilitación precoz reduciendo la estadía hospitalaria

Reimplante microcirurgico de couro cabeludo: relato de caso / Microsurgical reimplantation of avulsed scalp: case report

Com o advento das tecnicas modernas em Cirurgia Plastica, varias lesoes como amputacoes das extremidades e avulsoes do couro cabeludo, sao agora possiveis de tratamento cirurgico. O sucesso do reimplante do couro cabeludo avulsionado parcial ou total tem sido raramente descrito na literatura. Tivemos a oportunidade de tratar uma paciente com avulsao de 2/3 do couro cabeludo, incluindo a orelha e retalho cutaneo, da hemiface direita. Descrevemos os cuidados iniciais e o procedimento operatorio. O retalho avulsionado foi revascularizado atraves de microanastomoses da arteria e veia temporais. O reimplante foi bem sucedido e os resultados esteticos e funcionais satisfatorios.

Tailoring velopharyngeal surgery: the influence of etiology and type of operation.

The results of 132 consecutive endoscopically selected pharyngoplasties were assessed. Depending on the size and shape of the velopharyngeal defect on attempted closure, patients had been allocated to one of four pharyngoplasties: (1) a superiorly based pharyngeal flap combined with a V-Y pushback of the soft palate (Honig), (2) a modified Hynes approach, (3) a superiorly based pharyngeal flap, or (4) a fish flap. Patients were categorized according to etiology as having cleft palate, submucous cleft palate, disproportion, or neurologic origin. Acceptable nasal resonance was found after 81 percent of the Honig operations, 81 percent of the Hynes operations, and 63 percent of the superiorly based flap operations, vindicating the selection criteria based on palatal and pharyngeal wall movement. The fish flap operation was successful in only 50 percent and is not recommended. The cleft, submucous cleft, disproportion, and neurologic categories were equally well corrected by the Honig and Hynes operations. Side effects were common, with catarrh or snoring in 51 percent, difficulty breathing through the nose in 27 percent, and 9 percent requiring revision of their pharyngoplasty (6 of 53 Honig and 5 of 63 Hynes operations). The higher median age for those patients requiring pharyngoplasty revision (17 versus 10 years) suggests more cautious use in the older patient.

Assessment of the abdominal wall after pedicled TRAM flap surgery: 5- to 7-year follow-up of 150 consecutive patients.

To define the long-term abdominal consequences of the TRAM flap procedure, 150 consecutive patients were evaluated 5 to 7.5 years postoperatively. Of 137 surviving patients, 135 (98.5 percent) returned a questionnaire (68 single pedicle, 63 double rectus harvest, and 4 single pedicle with contralateral microvascular augmentation) and 132 (96.4 percent) were examined and tested. By questionnaire, 64 percent noted overall improvement of the abdomen, 72 percent noted improved abdominal appearance, and 20 percent noted improved posture. Decreased abdominal strength was noted by 46 percent, and decreased exercise ability was noted by 25 percent. These figures were higher after double rectus harvest (60 and 35 percent) than after single rectus harvest (35 and 16 percent) (p = 0.005 and p = 0.014, respectively). Activities of daily living were rarely (4.0 to 5.8 percent) affected. Three of the patients had uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries (two vaginal, one cesarean section). Situp performance was worse comparing postoperative patients with unoperated controls (p < 0.0005) and comparing double rectus harvest with single rectus harvest patients (p < 0.0005). Comparing double rectus harvest patients with direct abdominal closure and those closed with mesh, there was a trend toward poorer situp performance in the mesh subgroup; however, this was not statistically significant. On examination, a classic post-TRAM hernia was not encountered in any patient, but three single-pedicle patients had asymptomatic diffuse bulges through the fascial harvest site, visible only on straining to do a situp. Eight patients (seven bilateral and one single pedicle) had varying degrees of abdominal laxity, but only one had operative correction of diffusely attenuated abdominal fascia following pregnancy and delivery. Examiners' ratings of aesthetic abdominal appearance were higher for postoperative patients than for unoperated controls (p = 0.05). The vast majority of patients considered the TRAM procedure worthwhile (93 percent) and continued to recommend it to others (96 percent).

Retalho fáscio-cutâneo expandido no tratamento das retraçöes axilares / Expanded fasciocutaneous flaps in the treatment of axillary retractions

Os autores apresentam 4 casos de retraçöes axilares que foram corrigidas com o retalho fáscio-cutâneo tóraco-dorsal previamente expandido. Apresentam a técnica empregada na confecçäo do retalho e na expansäo prévia do mesmo. Apresentam os resultados obtidos como bons em 3 casos e insuficiente em um caso, discorrendo sobre os problemas técnicos ocorridos. Concluem afirmando ser a técnica de boa indicaçäo na correçäo das retraçöes axilares

Reconstruçäo do escroto pelo retalho ilhado musculocutâneo de Gracilis / Scrotum reconstruction with Gracilis myocutaneous flaps

Säo apresentados 8 casos de reconstruçäo de bolsa escrotal. Em todos os pacientes a pele do escroto foi perdida devido à sindrome de Fournier. A técnica empregada foi o retalho ilhado musculocutâneo de Gracilis, transposto através do túnel subcutâneo para cobrir a área cruenta. Os resultados estéticos säo bons

Experiencia inicial con el colgajo libre escapular en cirugia oncológica de cabeza y cuello / Initial experience with free scapular flap in oncologic surgery for head and neck

Se presenta una serie de quince pacientes consecutivos operados por cabeza y cuello. Trece fueron varones y el promedio de edad fue de 54 años (rango 24-81). Siete enfermos tuvieron carcinoma epidermoide de la región orofaringea, 4 carcinoma avanzado de piel de la cara ( 2 basocelulares y 2 epidermoides), 3 extensos carcinoma epidermoide de labio inferior y uno, melanoma de cuero cabelludo. A todos se les realizó reconstrucción inmediata luego de la resección tumoral con colgajo libre escapular. El tamaño del colgajo varió entre 48 y 220 cm2, y en dos casos se incluyó un segmento óseo para reconstrucción mandibular. La zona dadora fue cerrada siempre en forma primaria. Una paciente presentó necrosis total del colgajo y falleció al 2§ día postoperatorio. No se registraron otras complicaciones mayores debidas a la técnica reconstructiva inmediata en grandes y complejos defectos por la cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello

Experiencia inicial con el colgajo libre escapular en cirugia oncológica de cabeza y cuello / Initial experience with free scapular flap in oncologic surgery for head and neck

Se presenta una serie de quince pacientes consecutivos operados por cabeza y cuello. Trece fueron varones y el promedio de edad fue de 54 años (rango 24-81). Siete enfermos tuvieron carcinoma epidermoide de la región orofaringea, 4 carcinoma avanzado de piel de la cara ( 2 basocelulares y 2 epidermoides), 3 extensos carcinoma epidermoide de labio inferior y uno, melanoma de cuero cabelludo. A todos se les realizó reconstrucción inmediata luego de la resección tumoral con colgajo libre escapular. El tamaño del colgajo varió entre 48 y 220 cm2, y en dos casos se incluyó un segmento óseo para reconstrucción mandibular. La zona dadora fue cerrada siempre en forma primaria. Una paciente presentó necrosis total del colgajo y falleció al 2º día postoperatorio. No se registraron otras complicaciones mayores debidas a la técnica reconstructiva inmediata en grandes y complejos defectos por la cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello (AU)