Effects of atrophic rhinitis induced by Pasteurella multocida toxin on heat production and activity of pigs kept under different climatic conditions.

Effects of moderate, artificially induced atrophic rhinitis symptoms on level and changes in heat production and activity were determined in pigs kept under different climatic conditions. Eight groups of 30 pigs each, housed in one of two climatically controlled respiration chambers, were exposed to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: challenged with 0 or 13 micrograms of Pasteurella multocida toxin (Pm-T)/mL, and two climatic environments (good: 25 degrees C, or adverse: 15 degrees C with draught periods). The Pm-T challenge reduced (P < .05) day averages of total (HP) and activity-related heat production (Har). The response to Pm-T treatment was similar in both climatic environments. Differences in the heat production and activity caused by the climatic treatment declined (P < .001) with time and acclimation to the environment. Analyses of HP, Har, and activity-free heat production in 12 2-h periods showed a biphasic activity rhythm. Both treatments affected (P < .05) level of HP and Har in several of the 2-h periods, but the biphasic rhythm was not altered. Day averages of Har showed a disposition to be differently affected (P < .068) by Pm-T challenge in the climatic treatments dependent on duration of exposure. This interaction effect (P < .001) seemed to originate from the periods between 1500 and 2100. Therefore, it might be wise to distinguish between overall effects (day means) on total, activity-related, and activity-free heat production and effects within a day (e.g., 2-h means). Treatment with Pm-T seemed to suppress the general well-being of pigs, reducing pigs' activity and food intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of purified Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotoxin on the nasal ventral turbinates of fattening pigs: histological observations.

Fattening specific pathogen-free derived pigs were injected intramuscularly with dermonecrotoxin of Pasteurella multocida, capsular type D. Ten days later, the nasal ventral turbinates and liver were examined histologically. A moderate turbinate atrophy was observed due to an increased number of osteoclasts and the absence of intramembranous bone apposition. Liver lesions were limited to some hepatocyte necrosis, sinusoid neutrophil infiltration and Kupffer cell hypertrophy. This study demonstrated that adult pigs are sensitive to P. multocida dermonecrotoxin.

[Effect of potassium bichromate on mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in animal experiments]. / Vliianie bikhromata kaliia na slizistuiu obolochku nosovoi polosti i paranazal'nykh sinusov v éksperimente na zhivotnykh.

Common white rats were used in the study of potassium bichromate (PB) influence and paranasal sinuses mucosae. Single 2-10 PB endonasal introductions were performed on hemostatic collagenic sponge and on paraffin. PB revealed ability in significant causing chronic atrophic rhinosinusitis , and demonstrated weak carcinogenic properties through the induction of some nasal tumours after a prolonged contact of the nasal mucosa with the substance.

[Status of the upper respiratory tract of workers in the synthetic detergent industry]. / Sostoianie verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei u rabochikh proizvodstva sinteticheskikh moiushchikh sredstv.

Otorhinolaryngologic examinations and functional studies were performed among 99 workers engaged in the production of synthetic detergents. The studies revealed disorders in the barrier and decontamination functions of the nasal ciliary epithelium caused by synthetic detergent dusts.

[Nose disease caused by occupational exposure to chromium in the electroplating industry: cytomorphological aspects]. / Rinopatia da esoposizione professionale a cromo nell'industria galvanica: aspetti citomorfologici.

Twenty-six workers were studied (9 chrome-platers exposed to chromium dioxide and 17 workers exposed to metallic chromium dust) in order to investigate the macroscopic and cytological changes of the nasal mucosa due to exposure to water-soluble hexavalent chromium or to metallic chromium dust in the electroplating industry and the role of different valencies in the onset of nasal disease. Experimental and epidemiological data have shown that hexavalent chromium, which has strong oxidative power, induces more noticeable toxic effects on tissues and mucous membranes than other compounds. The correlation between the degree of local toxic effects and the chemical state of chromium was demonstrated in both the macro- and the microscopic investigations and in particular in the cytological examinations: cases of atypia were found only in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium. Evidence of atypia raises the question of whether hexavalent chromium may act as a carcinogenic agent on the rhinosinusal mucosa. For this reason, the introduction of cytological nasal examination in health surveillance programmes for this category of workers acquires considerable importance. Sample collection from the nasal mucosa by brushing is the method of choice since it is simple, non-invasive and gives good diagnostic results.

[Cytologic evaluation of the nasal mucosa in workers at the Compact Automobile Factory in Tychy]. / Ocena cytologiczna nablonka nosa u pracowników FSM Tychy.

Cytological tests of nasal smears in seventy workers of a car industry plant in Tychy were carried out. Degenerative lesions of nasal epithelial cells were found.

[Drug side effects on the nasal mucosa and sense of smell]. / Arzneimittelneben-wirkungen auf die Nasenschleimhaut und den Geruchssinn.

Several drugs may induce pathologic changes of the nasal mucosa, especially at a long-term treatment. The clinical appearance of an allergic or vasomotoric rhinopathy, a chronical hyperplastic or an atrophic rhinitis, hemorrhagic changes of the mucosa with the incidence of epistaxis or smelling disorders may be caused by several drugs. The ENT-specialist, therefore, should always take in consideration the various drugs, which the patient received but mostly have been prescribed by another doctor.

[Perforation of the nasal septum of occupational origin]. / W sprawie perforacji przegrody nosa pochodzenia zawodowego.

Perforations of nasal septum as typical effects of exposure to certain hazards are a particular health problem among the diseases of upper respiratory tract mucous membranes (entry 10 on the list of occupational diseases). To obtain more data on etiopathogenetic factors and correlations between the clinical picture and exposure duration, the documentation of the patients in whom perforation was diagnosed during 1972-1979 was analysed epidemiologically. The examinations covered 185 workers of various industrial branches-salina, chemical plants, leather plants, tanneries, electroplating plants-who developed nasal septum perforation due to local effects of working environment irritants. In the test group the nasal septum was defected mostly in those exposed to chromium compounds (46.5%) and in salina workers (44.3%). In the remaining 9.2% of subjects the septum perforation resulted from exposure to arsenic, nickel, silicone compounds, cadmium, fluorine, soda and ammonia. The clinical course of the disease was presented as classified by industrial branch, occupational exposure, age and length of employment. In addition, procedures of diagnostics, certification and prevention were considered.

Changes in the nasal mucosa after exposure to copper salt dust. A preliminary report.

Ten mental workers with varying exposure to complex copper salts to dust form, six other metal workers not exposed, and nine construction workers in other occupational categories, also unexposed to the salts, were compared with respect to history and mucosal changes in the nose. There were subjective symptoms of metal dust exposure in the group exposed to the copper salts. Suspected early atrophic changes in the mucous membranes were noted in subjects exposed for long periods of time. Protective equipment in the form of breathing masks should be used in this type of work unless moistening or a surface finish on the copper sheeting is capable of preventing the release of dust.