Rinofima. Desfiguración estética de la anatomía nasal / RHINOPHYMA. AESTHETIC DISFIGURATION OF THE NASAL ANATOMY

Se describen distintos aspectos del rinofima: historia, etiopatogenia, histopatología, epidemiologia, clínica, diagnósticos diferenciales, tratamientos y pronóstico. Se hace hincapié en que es una enfermedad localizada en la nariz asociada a desórdenes generales, y que repercute en las áreas psicológica y social. Se presenta un caso clínico operado con cirugía plástica. Los autores plantean una hipótesis sobre la etiopatogenia y la fisiopatología de la enfermedad; y consideran a los tratamientos de rinofima como paliativos y no curativos

Different aspects of rhinophyma were described: history, etiopathogeny, histopathology, epidemiology, clinical, differential diagnoses, treatments and prognosis. It is emphasized that it is a localized disease in the nose associated to general disorders, and that it brings psychological and social problems. We present a case operated with plastic surgery. The authors present a hypothesis about the etiopathogeny and pathophysiology of the disease and consider rhinophyma treatments as palliative and non-curative.

A decade retrospective study of light/laser devices in treating nasal rosacea.

Background: Large-scale retrospective studies of light/laser in treating nasal rosacea were lacking.Objective: The study was aimed to perform a decade retrospection of the patients with nasal rosacea who were treated with light/laser devices.Methods: A study between 2008 and 2017 was performed retrospectively. Categorization of rosacea type (erythema/telangiectasia, ET; papules/pustules, PP; rhinophyma, RP) was made according to the photographs. Device settings, treatment regimens and treatment sessions of light/laser facilities were summarized. Efficacy was evaluated using a grading scale.Results: In all, 807 patients received light/laser treatments. The subtypes of nasal rosacea were ET (n = 196), PP (n = 95), RP (n = 42), ET + PP (n = 334), ET + RP (n = 15), PP + RP (n = 88), and ET + PP + RP (n = 37). The lesions of ET or PP were mainly treated with noninvasive devices (Intense pulsed light, IPL; Dye pulse light, DPL; Dual wavelength laser system, DW) and those of RP were treated with the Fractional carbon dioxide (FCO2) laser. For the mixed subtypes, the general disposal orders of lesions were ET, PP, and later RP, and the fundamental orders of devices application were IPL, DPL, DW, and FCO2 laser. For all types of rosacea except for RP (2-4 sessions), most of the patients received 4-6 sessions of treatments. Of all subtypes of ET, PP, RP, ET + PP, ET + RP, PP + RP, and ET + PP + RP, the patients who achieved more than 50% improvement accounted for 74.5%, 58.3%, 83.3%, 69.2%, 73.3%, 61.4%, and 51.4%, respectively.Conclusion: The multiple, sequential light/laser devices can be safely used in nasal rosacea with various degrees efficacies based on different types.

Dermabrasion for Scars and Wire Loop Electrocautery for Rhinophyma.

Dermabrasion and wire loop electrocautery are controlled scalpel-less procedures to remove superficial skin layers to treat dermal surface irregularities. Their postprocedure healing involves healing by secondary intention. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of diamond fraise dermabrasion to improve scars and the use of wire loop electrocautery to treat rhinophyma surface irregularities. Both techniques are minimally invasive and low cost, and at the same time, can significantly improve facial skin deformities. An advantage in using wire loop electrocautery for rhinophyma excision is that it is a simple, economic, and very effective technique to sculpt the nose, with minimal intraoperative bleeding. With dermabrasion, pretreatment and postregimens can help improve postprocedure results. Future efforts to modulate the healing from both of these techniques include the potential use of topical growth factors, autologous platelet-rich plasma, or using stem cells to accelerate collagen formation and reepithelization during the postprocedure period.

Rhinophyma: Our experience based on a series of 12 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Rhinophyma is a rare, benign and unsightly disease of the skin of the nose that was first described a very long time ago, as illustrated by portrait of an old man with a bulbous nose holding his grandson, by Ghirlandaio in 1490. It was described for the first time by Ferdinando Hebra Von (1816-1880), as the third stage of rosacea. The objective of this study is to report the author's experience and propose a new treatment option in the management of rhinophyma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe our experience of rhinophyma based on a retrospective case study. RESULTS: We identified 12 cases over a 12-year period, with a marked male predominance. The therapeutic approach was the same in all patients, consisting of a combination of dermabrasion, decortication and application of fibrin glue, with a favourable outcome in every case with complete epithelialisation. CONCLUSION: Rhinophyma is a rare condition of uncertain pathophysiology. Management is surgical and, in view of the many techniques and procedures proposed, we advocate the slogan "to each his own technique", until a consensus has been reached. Our technique combining dermabrasion, decortication and application of fibrin glue has given very good results.

Treatment of rhinophyma with the Versajet™ Hydrosurgery System and autologous cell suspension (ReCELL®): A case report.

This is a case report of a 63-year-old male patient who presented with rhinophyma of 17 years duration. Several medical treatments were applied previously, with no response or poor improvement. We present our experience by combining the Versajet™ Hydrosurgery System and ReCELL® in a heavy smoker patient, which led to a good aesthetic outcome. With the combined technique, we did not encounter any difficulties either within the operation or in the follow-up period. We obtained less complications and faster wound healing, which in return led to higher patient satisfaction.

Electrosurgery for the Treatment of Moderate or Severe Rhinophyma. / Tratamiento con electrocirugía del rinofima moderado-grave.

Rhinophyma, a rare and progressive disfiguring condition, is thought to be the final stage of rosacea. Several surgical treatments are available, including dermabrasion, cryosurgery, scalpel excision, electrosurgery, and carbon dioxide laser. The last 2 techniques are the most effective for the management of rhinophyma. We describe a series of cases of moderate or severe rhinophyma treated with high-frequency electrosurgery in the dermatology department of Hospital Simón Bolivar and in private clinics in Bogota, Colombia, between 2012 and 2016. The cosmetic result, as assessed by both the clinicians and the patients, was satisfactory in all cases. Three patients presented hypertrophic scars that were treated with steroid injections and silicone gel sheeting. Two patients presented persistent erythema. However, there were no serious infections and none of the patients required further surgery. Electrosurgery is one of the simplest and most cost-effective techniques currently available for the treatment of rhinophyma by dermatologists.

Energy-Based Devices in Male Skin Rejuvenation.

Men seek cosmetic procedures for vastly different reasons than women. Men often seek discrete cosmetic services with little downtime. Male skin structure generally differs from female skin structure. Dermatologists should consider subtle differences in the psyche of the male cosmetic patient.

Rinofima: análise da técnica cirúrgica por em Shave Excision / Rhinophyma: analysis of the shave excision technique

INTRODUÇÃO: Rinofima é uma condição estigmatizante para o indivíduo portador. Descrita desde a época de Hipócrates, a doença, popularmente conhecida como nariz de alcoólatra ou elefantíase nasal, é responsável por gerar uma enorme deformidade no nariz. Oriunda de um processo de hiperplasia e hipertrofia das glândulas sebáceas da região cutânea nasal, associadas à fibrose e dilatação dos vasos sanguíneos e tecido conjuntivo locais. O tratamento cirúrgico é considerado o procedimento de escolha para melhoria estética. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo baseado na análise dos resultados de 11 pacientes, sendo dez homens e uma mulher, submetidos a tratamento do rinofima entre janeiro de 2010 e janeiro de 2016 no serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora e Clínica Plastic Center. RESULTADOS: Dos 11 pacientes operados, um homem de 72 anos apresentou carcinoma basocelular invasor expansivo com margens cirúrgicas comprometidas após análise anatomopatológica da peça cirúrgica, obtendo resultado anatomopatológico de margens livres após reoperação. Outros três pacientes apresentaram hipercromia na região de intervenção durante o pós-operatório imediato, mas obtiveram resultados satisfatórios 6 meses após procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos atuais, a retirada da lesão com bisturi frio e aplicação dos curativos pós-operatórios ainda demonstram ser altamente eficazes quando associadas, proporcionando excelentes resultados estéticos, com baixos índices de complicação e altos índices de satisfação dos pacientes, que em sua maioria obtiveram melhora da qualidade de vida após o procedimento.

INTRODUCTION: The rhinophyma is an extremely stigmatizing condition for a patient. The first descriptions of this disease dates back to the time of Hippocrates, which was popular known as alcoholic nose or nasal elephantiasis is responsible for generating a huge deformity in the nose. This deformity derives from a process of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands in nasal skin associated with fibrosis and dilated local blood vessels and connective tissue. Surgery is considered the treatment of choice for aesthetic improvement of the injury. METHODS: This was a retrospective study based on analysis of results from 11 patients (10 men and 1 woman) who underwent treatment for rhinophyma between January 2010 to January 2016 at the Plastic Surgery Service of the Teaching Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora and Clinical Plastic Center. RESULTS: Of 11 patients who underwent surgery, a 72-year-old man had basal expansive invasive carcinoma with positive surgical margins after pathological examination of the surgical specimen, however, the patient had pathological free margins after reoperation. Other 3 patients had hypercromy in the intervention region during the immediate postoperative. CONCLUSION: Despite technological advances, the removal of the injury with a cold scalpel technique and the use of postoperative dressings are highly efficient, when combined, provide excellent aesthetic results with low complication rates and high rates of patients' satisfaction, whom mostly had improvement in quality of life after the procedure.

Clinical features of Korean patients with rhinophyma.

Rhinophyma results from hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and connective tissue. Clinical features in Asian rhinophyma patients are largely underreported. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical features of rhinophyma in Korean patients. We reviewed clinical photos and medical records of 39 Korean patients diagnosed with rhinophyma and assessed the severity and clinical course by using the classical National Rosacea Society index. The male : female ratio was 6.8:1, and over 90% of the patients were older than 40 years. The mild-grade rhinophyma was the most dominant (46.1%), followed by the moderate (41.0%) and severe (12.8%) grades. Disease progression to severe grade occurred over an average of 8.2 years. Furthermore, 70% of all cases revealed lesion distribution limited to the nose. As disease severity progressed to higher grades, the extent of nasal involvement increased (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.685). Rhinophyma is a slowly progressing disease showing male predominance unrelated to specific trigger factors. In many cases, this disease often exclusively affects the nose in Asian patients.

Rosacea and rhinophyma.

Rosacea is a common and chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease with unknown etiology. The pathophysiology of rosacea is still poorly understood. Epidemiological studies indicate a genetic component, but a rosacea gene has not been detected yet. Recent molecular studies propose that an altered innate immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of the rosacea disease. Signs of rosacea are indicated by the presence of characteristic facial or ocular inflammation involving both the vascular and tissue stroma. A wide range of drug options is available for the treatment of rosacea, including several topical ones (metronidazole, antibiotics, azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, sulfacetamide/sulfur, retinoids) and oral ones (mainly tetracyclines, metronidazole, macrolides, isotretinoin). This review highlights the recent clinical and pathophysiological developments concerning rosacea.

Rinofima: una revisión de la literatura / Rhinophyma: a literature review

El rinofima, a pesar de no ser una entidad común, sí es una patología que altera en forma importante la estética facial del individuo; por tal razón, su entendimiento, adecuado diagnóstico y terapia precisa son de gran relevancia para lograr la mejor recuperación posible. Entre las opciones de manejo existen múltiples herramientas, que van desde la prevención hasta procedimientos quirúrgicos agresivos. A pesar de lo anterior, los pacientes con rosácea, condición patológica inicial, avanzan por los diferentes estadios de la evolución de la enfermedad sin tratamiento médico adecuado, y terminan en el rinofima, condición final del proceso patológico. El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión de la literatura actual del tema.

The Rhinophyma isn´t a common disease, however it´s a condition that significantly disturbs the facial aesthetics of people; for that reason, its understanding, appropriate diagnosis and precise management are so relevant to achieve the best possible recovery. Between the management options are numerous tools, since prevention to aggressive surgical procedures. Despite this, patients with rosacea, initial pathological condition, move through different stages of disease´s evolution without adequate medical treatment, causing rhinophyma, final condition of rosacea process. The aim of this paper was to review the current literature about this subject.

An alternative micrographic method for decreasing bleeding and recurrence in the treatment of rhinophyma.

Rhinophyma is a subtype of rosacea which develops at the advanced stage of rosacea and is characterized by an excessive enlargement of the sebaceous glands. Its etiology is not well-defined beyond the following usual suspects: vitamin deficiencies, stress, hormonal factors and the Demodex folliculorum mite. Carcinoma may develop in rhinophyma patients. The first surgical process for rhinophyma was applied by Daniel Sennert in 1629. The ideal surgical method for treatment of rhinophyma is still unclear and controversial. Massive bleeding makes a controlled excision of the mass impossible, which contributes to the recurrence of rhinophyma. In this case, we combined trichloroacetic acid (TCA 45%) with dermabrasion, a treatment which hasn't been reported previously. Our method was suggested by the Mohs micrographic surgery technique, which employs serial excisions.

[A giant rhinophyma].

Rhinophyma is an infiltrative-productive stage of rosacea characterized by the formation of inflammatory nodes, infiltrates, and tumour-like outgrowths due to progressive hyperplasia of the connective tissue and sebaceous glands as well as persistent vasodilatation as a result of a chronic progredient disease. The authors describe a man with the severe form of rhinophyma in whom this condition was treated by the application of a cold plasma. A good cosmetic result with minimal scarring was achieved by this method.

[Rosacea 2009 : new advances in pathophysiology, clinical staging and therapeutic strategies]. / Rosazea 2009 : Neue Erkenntnisse zur Pathophysiologie, klinische Manifestationsformen und Therapiestrategien.

Rosacea is one of the most common dermatoses of adults. In recent years many studies have contributed to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of rosacea. They suggest that an altered innate immune response is involved in the vascular and inflammatory manifestations seen in rosacea. A good understanding of the disease and its special features is necessary for the differential diagnosis of the many clinical subtypes and for a stage- and phase-specific treatment approach. Topical treatments that are widely accepted are metronidazole and azelaic acid; agents under investigation that show promise include permethrin, calcineurin inhibitors and sulfur compounds. For systemic therapy antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides) and recently doxycycline in anti-inflammatory rather than anti-microbial dosages are used, as well as isotretinoin in severe cases. Findings such as rhinophyma and telangiectases can be treated using different laser systems or dermabrasion. This article gives an overview regarding rosacea, a challenging condition with multiple therapeutic options.

Rosacea.

Rosacea, a common disease in adults, has an extremely variable presentation. Severity is also highly variable and, to some degree, the location of mild end of the rosacea spectrum is in the eye of the beholder. Rosacea has been noted since at least the Middle Ages. The red-faced drunk and the swollen nose of the self-indulgent are images from Shakespeare and Chaucer that have been used in modern political cartoons as well. This association with alcohol and excess is unfortunate since most patients are neither alcoholic nor dissipated.

Standard management options for rosacea, part 2: options according to subtype.

The standard management options were developed by a consensus committee and review panel of 26 experts to assist in providing optimal patient care based on the standard classification and grading systems for rosacea that were developed to perform research; analyze results and compare data from different sources; and provide a common terminology and reference for the diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of results in clinical practice. We discuss the standard management options for rosacea in 2 parts: (1) overview and broad spectrum of care, and (2) management options according to subtype. The menu of options is considered provisional and may be expanded and updated as appropriate. Managing the various potential signs and symptoms of rosacea calls for consideration of a broad spectrum of care, and a more precise selection of therapeutic options may become increasingly possible as the mechanisms of action of therapies are more definitively established.